APUSH Chapter 3
Great Migration
In 1630's; 70,000 people fled from England to Massachusetts & Barbados to practice their puritan religion.
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
In 1639, the towns of Hartford, Windsor, and Wethersfield adopted a gov't designed by Thomas Hooker, Called the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut. Modeled after Mass. Bay Colony, except voting and office holding were open to all male landowners.
Charles I
Charles I was monarch of the three kingdoms of England, Scotland, & Ireland his marriage to a Roman Catholic, Henrietta Maria of France, generated deep mistrust among Calvinists
Slavery vs. indentured servitude
Chesapeake planters gradually substituted black slaves for white servants. Slaves served for life, and passes on their status to their children, while indentured servants had a short, fixed period of service.
Virginia Government (Governor, council, House of Burgesses)
HOB - Representative assembly in Virginia. First representative house in America. Instituted private ownership of land; maintained rights of colonists The Governor's Council - The upper house of the colonial legislature in Virginia from 1607 until the American Revolution in 1776. 12 men who, after the 1630s were appointed by the British Sovereign, the Governor's Council also served as an advisory body to the Virginia Royal Governor and as the highest judicial body in the colony.
John Winthrop
First Governor of Massachusetts Bay colony served 19 years
Cecilius Calvert (Lord Baltimore)
Founded the colony of Maryland and offered religious freedom to all Christian colonists. He did so because he knew that members of his own religion (Catholicism) would be a minority in the colony.
Maryland Toleration Act
1649, Act that was passed in Maryland that guaranteed toleration to all Christians, regardless of sect but not to those who did not believe in the divinity of Jesus. Though it did not sanction much tolerance, the act was the first seed that would sprout into the first amendment, granting religious freedom to all.
King Philip's War
1675 - A series of battles in New Hampshire between the colonists and the Wompanowogs, led by a chief known as King Philip. The war was started when the Massachusetts government tried to assert court jurisdiction over the local Indians. The colonists won with the help of the Mohawks, and this victory opened up additional Indian lands for expansion. King Philip (Metacom) - Son of Massasoit
Salem witch hysteria
1692-1693; a series of witchcraft trials launched after a group of young girls in Salem, Massachusetts, claimed to have been bewitched by some of the older women in the colony. Twenty individuals were put to death before the trials were put to an end by the Governor of Massachusetts.
Bacon's Rebellion
A rebellion of discontent former landless servants led by Nathaniel Bacon. Though the rebellion was crushed, it caused a move from indentured servants to African slaves for labor purposes.
Oliver Cromwell
An English military and political leader and later Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland.
New England's economy
By the Late 17th century, New England began to become more involved in international trade, causing many individuals to act more competitively and aggressively to one another.
Roger Williams
English Protestant theologian who was an early proponent of religious freedom and the separation of church and state. In 1636, he began the colony of Providence Plantation (Rhode Island), which provided a refuge for religious minorities.
The Spread of Slavery
In the 1640's, the English West Indians began adapting their economy to large scale slave labor. After a large out-migration of English islanders to Chesapeake and Carolina, slaves were more visible in the northern colonies. By 1710, the population of Carolina was predominantly black & enslaved.
Indentured servants
Indentured servitude was a form of debt bondage, established in the early years of the American colonies A young worker from England or Germany, who would work for several years to pay off the debt of their travel costs
John Cotton
John Cotton (1584-1652), considered the leading Puritan pastor in England, joined the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1633. Father of Congregationalism.
Proprietary colony
Owned by an individual with direct responsibility to the king; proprietor selected a governor, who served as the authority figure for the property. Example is the Province of Pennsylvania, granted to William Penn (the state still bears the name meaning "woodlands of Penn") by King Charles II of England.
The New England Way
Puritan dominance of New England and their desire to create a Utopian society based on their doctrine created a distinct society in New England. Unlike other colonies, Puritans were guided by their religion and created a government and society tied to the church.
Characteristics of NE towns
Sea Ports often seemed to be least tight knit of NE towns because of the transient population. NE towns had town meetings for all property owning males, and congregations whose Sunday services everyone attended. Compact system of settlement forced people to interact with each other that promoted godly order. NE legislatures established a town by awarding land to several dozens of heads of families. These men then laid out the settlement organizing: -The church -Distribution of Land - Local tax rates -local laws -qualifications for voting and holding office (all landowning men including non-saints pre-qualified)
Anne Hutchinson
She preached the idea that God communicated directly to individuals instead of through the church elders. She was forced to leave Massachusetts in 1637. Her followers (the Antinomianists) founded the colony of New Hampshire in 1639.
Congregationalism
The Congregational Church was founded by separatists who felt that the Church of England retained too many Roman Catholic beliefs and practices. The Pilgrims were members of the Congregational Church. The Cambridge Platform stressed morality over church dogma.
English Civil War
The English Civil War (1642-1651) was a series of armed conflicts and political problems between Parliamentarians (Roundheads) and Royalists (Cavaliers) The English Civil War led to the trial and execution of Charles I, the exile of his son, Charles II, and replacement of English monarchy with, first, the Commonwealth of England (1649-53), and then with a Protectorate (1653-59), under Oliver Cromwell's personal rule.
Half-way Covenant
The Half-way Covenant applied to those members of the Puritan colonies who were the children of church members, but who hadn't achieved grace themselves. The covenant allowed them to participate in some church affairs.
Tobacco farming and its impact on the region
The future of people from MD and VA who grew tobacco depended on the price of tobacco. The plant grew best along rivers, with light soil. Tobacco farming slowed colonization in MD, VA, and what would become NC, causing people to stay in the same plantation for their whole lives, and never socializing much.
First Families of Virginia
The generations of wealthy families in VA in the 17th century. Among them were Burwell, Byrd, Carter, Harrison, Lee, Ludwell, Randolph, & Taylor. These families would dominate VA politics for 2 centuries.
New England family
The village of Salem was divided by the supporters of 2 families; The Porter and Putnam families. Porters - Merchant Elite. Political Prestige in Salem. Lived in east section
Compare/contrast Massachusetts/Virginia
Unlike the Virginia Co. of London, the Massachusetts Bay Co. Established its headquarters in America. Massachusetts did not require voters or office holders to own property but gave every adult male, accepted as a saint, full citizenship. In 1641, 55% of mass. Men could vote compared to the 30% allowed by English property requirements.
Chesapeake Society
VA's leading planters experimented with various systems of local administration and succeeded in forcing reluctant governors to cooperate with their legislature. Tobacco shaped the colony's future.
City on a hill
Winthrop admonished the future Massachusetts Bay colonists that their new community would be a "city upon a hill"