APUSH Exam

What is the line most often associated with Bell v. Buck?

"Three generations of imbeciles is enough"

What was William Henry Harrison's slogan as he ran for president of the US in 1840?

"Tippercanoe and Tyler Too" . He wins president off of his reputation as an indian killer.

What is the first progressive amendment? Describe the significance of this amendment for the future.

(After 15th amendment Next one doesn't happen until 1913) 16th amendment is the first progressive amendment. A ton of government money comes from an alcohol tax. The government didn't want to give up money they make off of it (alcohol tax) despite the fact that bad things were happening because of it. Some women were looking to ban alcohol and this was a replacement for alcohol taxes.

Describe the way to dismiss a suffragist: Abandoning their family or gender roles

(tied in closely with idea they couldn't get men/were man haters, etc.) Not just that she is not living up to her gender roles she is making her husband taking on unfit gender roles. Never talk about women becoming masculinized without men becoming feminized

Describe the increase in federal spending during the prohibition era.

- 1000 percent increase in federal spending - Have to pay the guards, the people who build the prison, beefing up of FBI, etc. - To support prohibition. Direct result.

Describe the battle of/massacre at wounded knee

- 150-300 Indegious people killed by the 7th calvalry (some people say that the indians were not carrying guns) - At least 60 women and children - Sitting Bull Killed

Describe the stono rebellion.

- 20 enslaved people in the morning, then 50 enslaved people in the afternoon kill "masters" and their families (wives and children), spared "kind masters" - Some enslave people hid their masters to stop them from being killed. - By afternoon 100 white people engaged in armed pursuit = full armed battle - 30 enslaved people died, 30 escaped. They were able to stay free for anywhere from 6 months to three years but were all eventually captured and executed.

Describe the increase in federal prisons during the prohibition era.

- 366% increase in federal prisners. - Beginning of mass incarceration started with prohibition. Laying groundwork for massive imporsonment.

Describe the increase in federal convictions during the prohibition era.

- 561% increase in federal convictions - Direct result of 18th amendment.

Describe Nat turner's rebellion.

- 75 enslaved people kill 50 slave "masters" and their families. - Turner and 16 others are hanged, about 200 random African-Americans killed and heads used to line roads. Try to make an example. The 200 killed did not participate in the rebellion - Same thing with King Philip's head. See extreme tightening up and increase of brutality. Harsher enforcement of slave laws and clamp down on Abolitionist thought Eventually that made it illegal for abolitisionst mail to even be mailed to the south.

Disable the reason many believe that black people were enslaved so much longer than indigenous people: The experience of working agriculture in Africa better prepared them for work in the American south

- Africa is not more similar to the American than the american south is similar to itself. - Why would someone who came from africa be better able to farm georgia better than someone living in georgia. Native people had been working the land for hundeds of years. The 13 colonies were heavily populated with native people because they could work that land. - Native people in the south ahd been working that land for centuries they were not incapable of it and africans were not especially skilled at it.

Disable the reason many believe that black people were enslaved so much longer than indigenous people: Black people had weaker culture and personal constitutions than native people, and were therefore easier to control.

- African and African American cultures, like indigenous cultures were extremely diverse. - If they were so easy to control, why were the extremely harsh methods of control needed? If they were easy you wouldn't need mental and physical submission. Slave owners worked continusouly to colonize their minds. - Dehumanizing effect. As soon as people step out of their control, the controls would be extremely harsh. Any kind of stepping out of line (not just beatings and rapings) but also straight up vicious tortue. (whipping, cutting) also psychological element of tortue. Always breaking up any type of unity within the slave people.

Disable the reason many believe that black people were enslaved so much longer than indigenous people: They were not willing to escape or fight for themselves

- Africans and African-Americans had significatnly reduced chance of escape and success after escape than native people. - They were unfamiliar with the landsccae and did not have a social support system. Africans were in a totally new place no way to know where to go. - Also at a time of heavy tarnsatlantic slave trade, slavery in the north as well. No way to know that they should run to the north. - Couldn't cultivate the land because was all new to them. - Still, they regularly escaped, engaged in everyday resistance, and mounted at least 250 uprisings between the beginning of the colonial era and the end of the Civil War.

What did the lost generation (of writers) write about?

- Alienation (work was about feeling on outside looking in) - Disillusionment (having hopes up high and getting dashed) - Illusion that is going to be better and then you find out that it is not

Describe the U-2 Incident.

- American Image: straightforward, honest - Soviet image in America: sneaky, liars, - American spyplane. American spyplane is flying over their land and taking pictures. It gets shot down and the poilet had a thing of cyanide with him to take if they ever got shot down. Didn't start any kind of war but it showed that this free, transparent image of the united states was hypocritical. Because really we are sneaking around and doing all kidns of things that we are accusing Russia of doing.

Describe Why the SCLC chose to campaign in birmighnam, arguably the most racist city in all of the south.

- An organizational structure that decided where should we go, where can we safely protest, MLK - No one went to mississippi. Fine line between where is there enough freedom to participate in civil rights activism where is there enough problems that it is meaningful. Also have to consider the people that live there are they prepared for what is going to come after. - Decide that birmigham cannot be overlooked anymore. It did not meet the safety standard but decided that they couldn't ignore it. Before the birmingham campaign only one civil rights activist in birmigham is Fred Shuttlesworth. Fred shuttlesworth is part of brinigng the SCLC to birmingham - saying that you need to come down because real institutional differences (no equality)

How did Andrew Jackson take the supreme court's decision about the Cherokee nation. what was signifiant about this?

- Andrew jackson said "John marshal has made his decsion, now let him enforce it" only time that the president has not recognized the power of the supreme court. - Some groups in america that the right way of resistance is no way. There are groups that there is no legitimate avenue for resistance.

Who were three women associated with black feminism? Were they moderate or radical?

- Audre Lorde - Patricia Hill Collins - bell hooks (no capitalization of name) moderate

Who founded NOW

- Betty Friedan - Gloria Steinam - Aileen Hernandez - Pauli Murray

Describe the Back To Africa movement within the Harlem Renaissance.

- Black people saying what are we doing here, this is a white supremacist country. Why don't we go back to africa and build up africa and hav ethe fruit of our sweat and tears? - Major black empowerment movement.

What was the difference between massasoit and king Philip and ed winslow and Josiah Winslow?

- Both of them are much more radically entrenched in their groups interest. - People who had grown up together not in a trusting relationship. Trying to distinguish who is the minority sociologically (least power)

Why are monopolies bad for consumers?

- Collusion - A monopoly stops you from going somewhere else if you don't want to purchase

Describe how the CPI accomplished their goal of creating a racial hatred of the germans.

- Created ethnic whites (not like other white people). Whiteness is a power structure. People move in and out of it. - Germans are generally considered white people (1/4 of white people in america were descended from Germans - fine line) - Have racial slurs just for Germans. Create dehumanizing slurs to train soliders into idea that the soldiers are not real people. Not killing a person, just dispatching an enemy. Gorilla - calling back to jim crow stereotypes (animilized, dark skinned brute). Trying to transfer racial hatred towards african americans towards germans.

Describe the negative point for African Americans in the new deal: Lynching Continued

- Did nothing about lynching. - When eleanor roosevelt asked if he was going to do anything about lynching he ignored her (and everyone else who asked him about that) - Because of health problems, he spent a lot of time in hotsprings georgia. Considered himself an adopted southernor. Wanted to live in the south, wished he could Can't be in 1930s georgia and not understand the program of jim crow. BelievedThe way things should be going in the south, is how they should be going. 1935, white people lynched a black person and drug him up and down the streets of black neighborhood all night singing happy days are heere again. They were making a direct connection to franklin Roosevelt when singing happy days are here again (song associated with his presidential campaign). - At the very least he put votes above peoples personal safety and advancements of social equality and justice.

What was the AEF (American expeditionary force)?

- Division of the US army that fought in France. - Main fighting force in WW1 in the states

Describe the KKK's expansion of their hate in the 1920s

- During time, klan expanded. Klan was always anti black but expanded spectrum of hate to include immigrants, jews, catholics, communists. These groups became part of sphere of hate. - Klan said catholics worshipped the pope and the pope is not white enough. In europe, too far away.

Describe Nat turner.

- Escape, returned as a Baptist Preacher.. Biblical ideas about violence and freedom. Escaped but decided that the bible said that he should go back - Essentially re-enslaves himself. Sees several examples of violent response being justified in the bible. He feels that he will be a tool of god and still in line with biblical intrepretations. - Thinks he should lead an uprsising

Describe the Cherokee taking their case to the Supreme Court.

- Establish national boundaries, Develop written language, Wrote a constitution - Do all the things that america had said made the united states independent. Cherokee follow that path to the letter - Petition congress with the signatures of almost every member of the tribe, not the elites. They day before they presented their pettition to senate, one senator murdered another on the floor and they adjourned. - They then went to the supreme court and won. - Cheroke e nation versus georiga (1831) Worshcester v. Georgia (1832)

What were the negative points for workers in the New Deal?

- Exemptions were written into the law. Not just that people would look at you and see, but actually explicit. - Domestic Workers and Farmers did not get social security, didn't have a minimum wage and there was no ban on child labor. - Domestic workers + farmers are generally not white and poor. Don't have a safety net.

Describe example of everyday resistance: Parties

- Exist as free people in the middle of the woods with people from different plantations. Go back in morning and pretend they hadn't done that. - Height of personal resistance. Not colonize my mind. - No one was watching the slaves at night unless they lived in the main house.

Describe the Harlem Renaissance

- Explosion of culture coming out. Part of it is just hope and joy of being alive comparativley to what was happening in the past - First adult generation of African Americans who had never been slaves. - lots of Jazz (Louis Armstrong) - Literature - Poetry (Langston Hughes)

Who were some of the most famous lost generation of writers?

- F. Scott Fitzgerald (Great Gatsby) - Ernest Hemingway - Dorothy Parker (wrote a poem called Resume)

Who was Upton Sinclair?

- Famous muckraker - wrote the jungle

Why weren't women typically runaways

- Female runaways faced harsh criticism within the enslaved and/or african american community also more dangerous and difficult to travel as a women - Men could leave families. Had social ability - Women couldn't abandon children. Influenced by how much they broke apart slave families. If a woman had access to her family then she was expected to stay there. Difficult also to risk lives of children.

Describe how consumers, workers, and businesspeople generally viewed monopolies?

- From a worker and consumer perspective monopolies are a bad thing. Businesspoeple see it as good because maximizing profit because no competition.

Describe the rate of Mexican Americans recovering during the New Deal in terms of the general population.

- Generally recovered at same rate as gen. population - African americans and umarried women left behind

Describe the consequences of the CPIs goal of creating a racial hatred of germans (in America, not related to African Americans)

- German was not taught in public school. - Orchestras and symphonies refused to play music by german and austrian composers - Some towns changed their names, from german to more american nnames. - German measles renamed liberty measles - Hamburgers renamed liberty steak

Why are monopolies bad for workers?

- If you are skilled as a butcher and you are in one place in the meatpacking industry and the conditions are bad. Can't go across the street and use your skills at that company because same people own it. Working conditions and pay are same everywhere

Describe the positive points for native Americans in the New Deal.

- Indian Re-Organization Act, which restores some tribal lands. The policy until 1933 was Andrew Jackson's "the only good Indian was a dead Indian" - Granted self-rule with schools on reservations. Good, but operating based on trust of guy at top. Tribal leadership better be good tribal leadership because no constitution to fall back on, no supreme court. If your tribal leader becomes a dictator the federal government wouldn't help you.

Where was the largest chapter of the KKK? in the 1920s

- Largest chapter of klan in america was Dallas. 1 in 3 qualifying people were card carrying members of the klu klux klan (1 in 3 white men) - 4th largest chapter was in Fort Worth.

What was the signigance of the battle of/massacre at wounded knee

- Last "armed" conflict of "indian wars" - we don't know if both sides had guns. No 7th calvalry members were shot. Framed all the conflicts of "indian wars" - Considered end of Native resistance to European and American colonization.

What were the two negative points for African Americans in the new deal?

- Locked out of some work programs - lynching continued

Who were the lost generation in the 1920s?

- Lost generation is wealthy white people. - Sociologically have a master status but it is empty. All nothing. - All living in fear and alienation. All their dreams came true and it sucked. If this happens, everything will get better. And it didn't and they didn't know how to handle it. - Lost generation gets glamorized but they are hurting and that is what they are trying to express. Trying to express who cares doesn't work anyways, we are rich and we are still not happy.

Describe the Espionage and Sedition Acts.

- Made it illegal to criticize the government. Outlawed disloyal profane scurrilous and abusive language. Made it illegal to criricize military and military uniform and the flag. - Violates the 1st amendment of free speech! - Trying to silence any dissent. No critizism at all. Especially women.

Describe the daily changes that occurred during WW1 Self Denial

- Might not work in a factory or engage in warfare but you can do your part! - Meatless mondays, sugarless saturdays, (didn't make it a requirement but was heavily encouraged) - Victory garden, help win the war. - When people just tried in their lives to go without a little bit. Tripled food shipments to europe. Made a real tangible difference. Starvation was a weapon in the war so made a huge difference.

Describe the New England Indian tribes population in the 1620s.

- New England tribes had suffered catastrophic losses due to disease. - Some tribes had lost as much as 90%, some it was 'only' 50%. - Native Americans are in a vulnerable position

who were the kitchen debates between?

- Nikita Kruschev (Head of the USSR - Russian dictator) - Vice President of America Richard Nixon

Describe the robber Barron tactic Child Labor.

- No worker's comp, disability (those things are progressive reform) If a child had their arm cut off they were fired. - No minimum wage. Could pay a child much less than an adult. Child is only trying to add to their families income while an adult is trying to take care of family. If a child had their arm cut off they were fired. - Smaller bodies and especially fingers made them more useful - Much more easily manipulated and pushed around ( a child will basically follow whatever an adult says)

Describe the Geography of North and South Korea + their political assignations

- North Korea is communist - South Korea is democratic -38th parallel seperates the two countries.

Who was Mother Jones? (Mary Harris Jones) What were two things that she did?

- One of the most radiacal laidies in the system. Dressed up as a grandmaw to not be threatening. - Decades long agitater in the movement, wherever there is a problem she goes - West virrginina mine wars. Largest armed conflict in america since the civil war. Legit a war. Participated in it. - Took injured children that had been injured in industrial acccidents marched them down the streets of new york and camped in Theo roosevelts front war. Basically saying if you are going to preside over this system you will see the conflicts.

why did the enslaved people in the stono rebellion decide to kill their masters and their entire families?

- Only killed people who they knew to be specifically cruel to the enslaved people. - Wives of slave owners were also slave owners. They were oftentimes more cruel than their masters because they had no control over themselves and their husbands. Cruel in petty ways, also influenced by jealousy. Thought that enslaved girls and women were out to get their husbands. The wives were often surrounded by mixed race children, who often looked like their husbands. Their children were trained in how to be slave owners. At 13/14 they started training the white boys to creep on the slave women and girls. If the families had a baby the enslaved mother had to put her own baby aside and nurse the families baby, who would grow up to probably rape them. - Kids and wives were active in the ensalavement process.

Describe the Red Scare of the 1920s.

- People were terrified of communists, socialists, anarchists - Rough timeline: 1917 government of russia gets overthrown, 1922 soviet union gets formed, 1924 Joseph stalin (worst mass murderer in history) replaces Vladimer Lenin - The terrifying thing about communism is that it is not about invaders from outside. It Is about revolutions. Blooms from within. Russian communists take over Russia. People were super afraid that American communists would blossom and take over america. Maybe if you are the wrong kidn of person we should get rid of you. (tied into Eugenicisism).

Why did English/wampanoag relations begin to sour with the arrival of more pilgrims (great migration?)

- Puritans were much larger and have much different intentions than the pilgrams do. About htem, not about coorperating with other people. - Not a vulnerable small group, a mass migration of puritans. - Puritans get her and their plan is to take over. They see that the wampanog arent english. Had suspicians - suspicians that they had when groups first mix. Why are you getting so close? Are you trying to take my english culture away fro me? Are you trying to turn me into you? Puritans are here for power.

Describe John D. Rockefeller's childhood and parents.

- Raised by his strick baptist mom. Mom taught him 1) Strong work ethic 2) Be responsible for yourself - Dad was in and out of life. When dad would show up he would show up with a fat stack of cash and talk to his son and the father would never say where he got it but a lot of times he would give his son a loan. He was teaching him how to work with money. Then out of nowhere he would have to leave town and he would wake his son up and be like give me all the money right now or I will have you arrested. He was taught that you could lose your money at any time.

Who was Mary McLeod Bethune?

- Ran the national youth administration - First African American on the presidential candidate (not woman, person)

Describe the fugitive slave act of 1850.

- Required people, even in the north, to return runaway slaves to the south (encouraging kidnapping and legally requiring people to violate their consciences). - Not just about stopping self emancipation of african americans, stopping any inch of freedom that one can gain. - Tying hands of slave owners. Saying that you can't acknowledge her as any type of person. No negotiating.

What were the three main theories about JFK's death?

- Russia, Nikoli Kruschev - Cubans, Fidel Castro - Mob (JFK slept with the mob leaders girlfriends) also After JFK got to office he appointed his brother Robert Kennedy as attorney general starting pushing for organized crime abolishment.

Who was Francis Perkins?

- She was the secretary of labor. Hugely important in the US great depression era - First woman in the presidential cabinet ever.

Why would some enslaved people hide their masters during the stono rebellion?

- Slaves were very diverse group and had different plans and approaches. - One reason they would hide their masters Is the colinization of the mind. The slaves become convinced that they deserve the ill treatment - Also they might have children with their master and want them to stay alive - The slaves understanding of the bible. The jews do not kill the pharoah and then leave. They keep walking and then God parts the sea and they leave. They may have wanted to wait for God. Greatest influence

Why did Spain declare that anyone who escaped to florida would be free? What did this declaration cause?

- South Carolina is close to Florida - Spain declares anyone who escapes to Florida will be free - Because they want to weaken England - 13 colonies were built on slave labor, especially from the south. If there were no slaves then England couldn't build up its colonies and will get weaker. - Stono Rebellion

Disable the reason many believe that black people were enslaved so much longer than indigenous people: Their bodies were made for the kind of work enslavement required.

- Straight up racist. - African bodies function like non african bodies. They are not special there is no extra muscle or bone and no one's body is made to be enslaved.

What was the difference between Tecumsah and lalawethika's approaches to resisitng eastward expansion of the US?

- Tecumseh wants to do things calmly and peacefully. - prophet is basically just screaming he wants to do things. Tecumsah didn't see their win as inevitable which influences his dealings. The prophet thinks his vision is infallible.

what is a fugitive.

- Temporary. - Would stay gone for a short period of time and then come back - They would oftentimes negotiate their return - usually stayed away 3-7 days

Describe what black feminists believe. (also how their beliefs differentiate from white moderate feminists)

- The view of men is different. The mainstream feminism says the problem is men, the problem is patriarchy - Black feminists see The racist system is oppressing us (black men and women) together. Black men were victims too. No difference between racism and patriarcy. In many black houses, the women led the houses. Very critical of capitalism.

Describe women in the 1920s distancing themselves from their progressive mothers

- Total departure from active, well educated , progressive form of woman - Dumbing down of expectations of women - Concept of beautiful little fool. Zelda fitzgerald actually said "beautiful little fool" - Young girls go for it because goes with rejection of mother. Mother pass prohibition, daughters started drinking much more than before prohibition was passed. Mothers say don't have sex before marriage, girls have sex with everything that moves.

Who won the bay of Pigs?

- Total failure which means it is a victory for communism and therefore Russia. Didn't have to be that they did something right anything that made the people look - Victory for John Kennedy: Went on television and apologized. Was upfront and honest about it. Even though it was a total failure the way he handled it was a victory for Kennedy because it endeared him to people on our side.

Describe the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire.

- Triangle shirtwaist factory: made fancy men's shirts. Just had tons of fabric piled up (sweatshop conditions) mostly women. - Reason why fire broke out it was so deadly was that fabric. Today there are ocia regulations. 2 they accused the women of stealing so when the manager left they locked them in the door so when fire broke out the only excape was the window. 146 people died. - Got a lot of public outcry specifically because it was women and girls and to see 146 bodies lined up down the street.

what was the catalyst of the salem witch trials?

- Tried to determine whethery they would marry by dropping an egg white into water. Tituba interpreting the shapes for them. - Nothing was more critical for a new england woman than finding a suitabl emate - end of 17th century options were becoming narrower - after this bit of 'witchcraft', The girls began acting very peculiarly - signs of possession (which they knew about). Either they were possessed, Or they were pretending to get attention - The girls had the unusual experience of bbeing the center of attention.

What are four radical feminist groups?

- WARN - Redstockings - WITCH (women's international terrorist conspiracy from Hell) - SCUM (society for cutting up men)

Describe the Indians and land the new Englanders encountered in the 1620s.

- When the pilgrams arrived to massachussetts they see much more open empty land then they were epxecting. - If they had arrived in 1615 they would have seen a much more densly populate darea. - They see largely open land and survivors who were in shock and moruning. Case for PTSD.

Describe the Miss America Pageant.

- Women get right to vote in 1920 - Miss America 1921 (get dressed, be pretty, shut up) - two categories: Bathing suit and Evening gown - In 1968 they add talent. Girl who won talent was Jumping up and down on a trampoline

Describe the Sexual Stereotypes associated with white men in the Jim Crow era.

- able to sexually do whatever they wanted to do (no one would tell him that anything he did was wrong) - Really see this in slavery with all the talk about how black people are not even people but mixed babies were being born. No one was in power over the white man. (Thomas Jefferson) White men have ultimate priveledge

What was Nativism?

- anti-immigrant movement. White people said we as native americans don't want non native americans here. Using native to mean born here and then saying therefore you don't have a right to come over because you are violating my rights as a native america. - still view actual native americans on the low rung of the totom pole - Anti Immigration laws passed set up immigration quotas based on skin color. (let in lots of white people but almost no dark people)

What are the negative points for native americans in the New Deal?

- colonization continues - Restructures how reservation is working but is still living on reservation land. Better if they could leave.

What were the two negative points for Mexican Americans in the new deal?

- locked out of housing programs - mass deportation

Describe the religion in the middle colonies

- mixture - quakers living in Pennsylvania - lutherans, Jews and other groups through the region

Describe religion in the southern colonies

- mixture - catholics in Maryland - baptists and anglicans

Describe the Negro act of 1740

- no more growing own food, assembling together (only allowed to be together in church, outlawed even that), earning money, learning to read - A lot of these were already in place but loosly enforced. - Creation of slave lease system. Slaves who 'picked up extra shifts' at different plantations and made money from that now had to pay their money to their masters. - First time that south carolina criminlizes learning to read. - The uprisings tighten the hold of the system of slavery.

In the Vietnam war, who was fighting through north Vietnam and who was fighting through south Vietnam?

- nv : no one - sv : america

Describe what the CCC (civilian conservation corps) did during the Great Depression. How did this affect women?

- only hired men - Workers would go out into wilderness and do controlled burns - lived in camp and got fed and then their paychecks went home - If you could get on with the CCC it was good for you because you were getting fed and also benefitted family. - Only narrative is that only men have families and women are just part of that family.

Who did Sharecropping affect most?

- poor black people - poor white people *Can't exaggerate the level of poverty that poor black and white people experienced.

What was Francis Perkins opinion about alcohol.

- she was in favor of prohibition - shocked when she found out that poverty was influenced by anything other than alcohol

What are the positive points for workers (unions) in the New Deal.

- unions are protected. Legal rights for unions to exist and organize. - Collective bargaining. Used to be that every worker had to go to boss (single) but if everyoen collectivley can go together and say we all want this then power balance shifts towards workers Right for all workers together to make demands as a group. - Minimum Wage (first time for minimum wage) - Ban on child labor

Describe the Case of Carrie Buck

- white girl, poor, mom is alcoholic maybe a prostitue. - Couldn't raise carrie. Put her into a state run program, Carie became a ward of the state and maid to a family. - She said that a member of the family raped her and the family she worked for put her in prison for saying so. She is institutionalized and also pregnant. She gives birth to child who is healthy, take child and give baby who is named Vivian to the family. - Carrie gives birth at 17 and 18 years old (doctors tie her tubes while she is there) Mother is in the same institution. - she then sued.

What were the five ways to dismiss a suffragist?

1) Accuse suffragists of having the NIMBY syndrome (Not in my back yard) 2) Man-Haters 3) Empty Headed Fashion 4) Abandoning their family or gender roles 5) Glory Hounds

What are the four reasons many believe that black people were enslaved so much longer than indigenous people?

1) Black people had weaker culture and personal constitutions than Native People, and were therefore easier to control 2) They were not willing to escape or fight for themselves 3) The experience of working agriculture in Africa better prepared them for work in the American south 4) Their bodies were made for the kind of work enslavement required.

What were the various tactics of Robber Barrons to make more money?

1) Child Labor 2) Maintaining unsafe work spaces 3) Control of Police 4) Convict lease system 5)long hours no pay 6) no benefits or protections for workers.

What were the two goals of the CPI?

1) Create patriotic love for America 2) create a racial hatred of germans.

What were the three daily changes that occurred during WW1?

1) Daylight Savings 2) Self-Denial 3) Greater acceptance of Propaganda

What were the five ways that fear and hatred exploded in the 1920s?

1) Eugenicism 2) Xenophobia 3) Nativism 4) Red Scare 5) Explosion of KKK

What were the colonies in New England?

1) New Hampshire 2) Massachusetts 3) Connecticut 4) Rhode Island

What were the two slave uprisings we studied in class?

1) Stono rebellion of 1739 2) Nat Turner rebellion of 1831

who did the accusers in the salem witch trials originally name as the witches?

1) Tituba (Parris' slave) 2) Sarah Good (homeless beggar) 3) Sarah Osborne (sickly middle aged woman involved in a legal battle with the Putnams)

What were some examples of everyday resistance from enslaved African americans.

1) breakage and sabatage of tools. Work slow downs. 2) Pins in hair and other physical protections 3) parties 4) subversive interpretations of bible and religious gatherings 5) display of abolitionist material 6) resising through parenting, fighting the colonization of the mind

What separates murder from lynching?

1) more than five people committing the crime 2) no legal recourse - no punishment of those committing the crime 3) community acceptance of the crime.

How many amendments are in the bill of rights?

10

How many colonies were there originally?

13 colonies

When was Jamestown established?

1607

When did the pilgrims first arrive?

1620

When was King Philip's war?

1675-1678

When was Metacom killed?

1676

When was the salem witch trials?

1692-1693

Describe the affect of the 16th amendment even after prohibition was outlawed.

16th amendment Made prohibition possible because replaced alcohol tax with income tax. Eventually prohibition goes away but income tax does not go away and FBI does not go away. Government keeps growing. Nothing is going to be undone because the growth has already happened. Voting cant be the only thing.

When was the Stono rebellion?

1739

What was the draft age in WW1?

18 years old

When was the Marshall court?

1801-1835

When was Marbury v. Madison?

1803

When did the Battle of Tippencanoe occur?

1811

When was McCullough v. Maryland

1819

time Gibbons v. Ogden

1824

When was Andrew Jackson president?

1829-1837

When was the Indian removal act signed?

1830

When did Nat turner's rebellion occur

1831

When was the Taney court?

1836-1864

Time Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge

1837

when ddi the trail of tears occur?

1838

When were the ridges assassinated

1839

When did the suffragist movement actually begin? When did it end?

1848 - 1920

When was the fugitive slave act?

1850

time Dred Scott v. Sandford

1857

When was the Civil War?

1861-1865

When was the battle of Little Bighorn/custer's last stand?

1876

When was the fuller court?

1888 - 1910

When is the starting year for Imperialism in America?

1890

When was the battle of/massacre at wounded knee

1890

time Plessy v. Ferguson

1896

When was the white court?

1910-1921

when was WW1?

1914-1918

When was the lusitania sunk by German submarines?

1915

Describe a suffragist/story that stands in contrast to ways of dismissing a suffragist: Empty headed fashion

1917 WW1 - lots of protests happening outside the white house. Woodrow Wilson (president) married to a woman named Edith. She is anti-suffrege not for political reasons but because she believes that women lived in a privledged posistion and voting would give that posistion up. She influenced her husband. Woodrow wilson had the woman protesting outside the white house with distrupting traffic on a federal level. In a federal prison, there is no parole. Charge them with federal disruption of traffic. Most of the protestors were the prettiest and most thin people there (to try to get awah from man-haters). The poliece men grabbed the women by the armful and threw them in there. (very rought treatment). Shutting down sufferage movement because had leader alic paul in jail. Silence people you put them in jail. The women started a hunger strike (these are the senators wives) and start sending out secret letters to their high up husbands so they knew what was happening. Woodrow Wilson feels like he is being made a fool of. He arrested them because he wanted them to go away and they are acting like they still have something to say (going on hunger strike). The jailers would open the door grab a woman strap them to a board put a huge tube in their mouths shove it all the way down to her stomach and pump them full of food. Then they would pull the tube out (which caused them to throw up) and throw them back into the cell and repeat the process 2 hours later. People suffered serious damage (for the rest of their lives). Most of them were not recognized, they were just women who believed in it. Point was you are an oppressive government and I don't have the right to vote against you so I cant say anything to you.

When were the espionage and Sedition Acts?

1917 and 1918

time Schenck v. United States

1919

When was the end of progressivism? Describe why progressivism came to an end then.

1920. Ratification of the 19th amendment marked the end of progressivism. 19th amendment gave women the right to vote. Progressivism is largely a woman's movement. Women largely leading labor movement. Only thing that was particularly about women (in the amendment) is the 19th amendment. The higher ups decide that there will be no more agitation, and no more change.

When was the Temperance Movement?

1925

When was the case of Carrie Buck?

1927

When was the stone court?

1941-1946

time Korematsu v. United States

1946

When did East and West Germany exist?

1949-1990

When was the Korean conflict?

1950-1953

When was the warren court?

1951-1969

time Brown v. Board of Education, Topeka, KS

1954

time Hernandez v. Texas

1954

When was sputnik launched?

1957

When was the Vietnam war?

1957-1974

When were the Kitchen Debates?

1959

When was the U-2 Incident?

1960

when did the freedom rides occur?

1961

When was the bay of pigs?

1961.

When was the cuban missile crisis

1962

time Engel v. Vitale

1962

When was George Wallace Inaugurated as Alabama Governor?

1963

New York Times v. Sullivan time

1964

time Escobedo v. Illinois

1964

time Miranda v. Arizona

1966

When did George Wallace run for president?

1968

Time Tinker v. Des Moines Independent School District

1969

When did Neil Armstrong land on the moon? What was significant about this event in terms of the Cold War?

1969 Even if America faked it, still proved that they were smarter because it proved we were capable of that type of mass manipulation.

When was the Soviet Afghan War?

1979-1989

When was the man who killed Medgar Evers convicted of his murder?

1988 25 years later

How many people died in the salem witch trials? Describe.

20 people chose to insit on their innocence and face death, but they were puritans who believed that claiming untruthfully to be a withc was as bad as embracing satan himself, and they died for their religion

How many people died in the worldwide Flu epidemic during WW1?

30 million people, more than who died in the war 500,000 died in America

How many colonies are in the middle colonies?

4

How many cosines are in New England?

4

How many colonies are in the southern colonies?

5

Name the middle colonies

5) Pennsylvania 6) New York 7) New Jersey 8) Delaware

Name the 5 southern colonies

9) Maryland 10) Virginia 11) North Carolina 12) South Carolina 13) Georgia

How many people were prosecuted and imprisoned under the Espionage and Sedition Acts.

900 people were improsioned but 2,000 were prosecuted for it

Who was Jacob A. Riis?

A New York journalist (Muckraker) who devoted himself to revealing the squalid housing of the nation's poor. Wrote a book called the Other Half Lives. Had pictures, which really got people's attention because there were elevated rates of illiteracy at this time.

who was Betty Parris's father?

A clergyman.

Who was Mary Elizabeth lease?

A labor leader in the progressive movement. She focused more on farmers. If you can't get your crop onto the train to be taken away then it doesn't sell. Railroads became super powerful in farm life. Coming together specifically of white farmers and black farmers was very successful for almost a decade and then powerful companies drive the wedge of race between them. A common tool can seem uniting but often times is used to divide and say oh your not like them. Worker's history in america coing across racial lines is sporadic at best because then they break up. Movement to get the people to see themselves as farmers/exploited workers rather than be divided by race said "raise less corn and more hell" Closer to radical side Physically burned stuff down. Labor progressives engaged in violence at a different level than any other progressives.

What was the national refrain of the civil rights movement? (that whites said to blacks) Describe what George Wallace said in his inauguration address.

A lot of people had been saying of the civil rights movement, that you have been going too fast and too quickly. National refrain - be patient and wait a little while. Soon it will happen. In his inauguration speech the governor said- "Segregation Now, Segregation Tomorrow, and Segregation forever" Don't bother waiting it out this is the way that it is going to be forever. This is what got him elected to the position of governor.

Who was the typical runaway?

A man

What is the difference between a muckraker and a yellow journalist?

A yellow journalist has a motive or message he wants to push while muckrakers have none. A yellow journalist sensationalizes a story, while a muckraker seeks to expose the truth.

What is the 13th amendment?

Abolition of slavery, except in prisons

What was the space race about?

About proving who is smarter. Who has smarter scientists. America and Russia are competing. Russia sends a person up into space first. America wanted to prove they were better than Russia, when they went to the moon, they did.

What did TR mean when he said speak softly and carry a big stick?

Actions speak louder than words. You don't have to actually go to war but the threat of it is enough. Keeping the military poised at all times to go to war is enough to get your point across and get results.

Who did Debt Peonage primarily affect?

Affected mostly chinese americans and chinese immigrants. Mexican americans, mexican immigrants.

significance Dred Scott v. Sandford

African-Americans cannot be American citizens, even if they are not enslaved As non-citizens, African-Americans have no standing in court Any law depriving a slave owner of his "property" is unconstitutional Black people have no rights that White people have to respect

When did Popular support for the Spanish American War come from the public?

After the Delome letter.

What was the effect of the Freedom Rides?

Alabamians elected a racist governor, George Wallace.

Describe a suffragist/story that stands in contrast to ways of dismissing a suffragist: NIMBY

Alice Paul: Took over the suffrage movement when Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Antony died. Dedicated her entire life to suffrage women and then later for general women's equality. Article entitled there is no Alice Paul there is only suffrage. Single minded in that way. So easy in any kind of social activism to lose control of message.

Describe the Security act of 1739.

All white people must bring guns to church

significance Hernandez v. Texas

All-white juries are a violation of the constitutional rights of people of color, if people of color were specifically excluded from the jury

Describe the Poll Tax.

Also instituted a poll tax. Raised and lowered the poll tax according to race. If a white person couldn't afford the poll tax they would just say, pay us later. If you were a white person could pretty much get around it all (because they were looking at you) but if you were a black person you could never get around it.

What country was fighting through South Korea

America

Who won the cuban missile crisis?

America Won. Show of strength that can't be overstated. When two people are in the room and only one is going to get their way, America was willing to go all the way for it.

Who won the Berlin Airlift?

America because Stalin gave up. He tried to starve the people and America brought them food (which side are you going to join?)

Describe America's response to the Berlin blockade.

America doesn't want to bomb east Germany either. Set up military bases on the other side of the wall. Decide to fly supplies to west belin. Did this repeatedly. 1,000 flights every single day. Dropping food of from June 1948 - may 1949

How did America View the Vietnam war?

America feels like a re-do of the korean war. Think that china is allying with north vietnam.

Describe the Korean War

America is fightng through south korea and china fighting through north korea. Really, we have never been in direct war with china, have been in indirect war with china. Macarthur wanted to drop a bomb china with nukes - truman said woah, lets think. MacArthur went to the NY times (he is a huge person in WW2 - helped win the war). At first truman was super unpopular but over time it has become his defining charactersitic that he is quietly strong.

Who supported east Afghanistan and who supported west Afghanistan?

America secretly helps east Afghanistan. Not out in the open. Sent money and guns to the Mujahadeen who fought aganinst the soviets. Soviets supported west Afghanistan

How did America keeping their involvement in the soviet afghan war backfire?

America secretly helps them. Not out in the open. Sent money and guns to the Mujahadeen who fought aganinst the soviets. The afghan people did realize that the americans had helped them so Osama Bin Ladin (who was in charge of Mujahadeen - an afghan freedom fighting force) turned the afghan people agasint Smerica. He creasted a group called Al Qaeda who was responsible for 9/11.

What led to the Philippine Insurrection?

America taking over the Philippines as part of their conquest from the Spanish American war.

What were the two opposing forces in the Cold War?

American Democracy versus Soviet Communism Trying to convince the world that your way was the better way.

Describe the suffragist movements mirroring in England and America (Mary Poppins)

American and England suffrage movements mirrored each other closely. Mary Poppins reflects Americas view of suffrage even though it is about England. Mary poppins was specifically important because it continues to shape our ideas about how difficult/not difficult it was, the kind of women that participated in it, the relationships to her family. In disney movies, The mom almost always dies, but in mary poppins she doesn't she is a suffragist. For all intents and purposes that has the same effect, she is absent. In order fo rmary poppins to come in, the mom has to be dead because mary poppins doesn't come in to a fully functioning family.

Describe the typical American witch suspect. (in the salem witch trials)

American witch suspect - woman, frequently middle aged with few or no children and reputation as a difficult personality. Specific to colonies: many were about to inherit or had inherited property. Virtually every salem resident who was named as a witch came from the prosperous commerical side of town, while th eaccusers who joined with the girls in identifying new suspects almost all came from the more remote agricultural end. Ex: Ann Hibbins, well to do boston widow executed in 1656

who was the #1 customer of the convict lease system?

Andrew Carnegie

Who signed the Indian Removal act?

Andrew Jackson

Describe the Sexual Stereotypes associated with black women in the Jim Crow era.

Animalized black women. Black women always consent. Constant state of consenting like an animal is when it goes into heat. That's what they said black women were like when they were with any man. Dangerous because it means that they can't be raped. Inherently prostitutes. Willing to sell themselves more than other women.

who became the leader of the accusers in the salem witch trials?

Ann Jr. became the leader of the girls when the finger pointing began - her mom joined in too. Some say that the Putnam's actually took control of the accusations and deliberately directed them toward their local enemies.

Who was the only accuser who actually recanted?

Ann Putnam

What was the fate of the neutral countries in the Cold War?

Anyone who is neutral, you don't interact with them, don't give them loans, basically act like they don't exist, unaffiliated (3rd world). Countries sinking into poverty. If it doesn't help one side to help the country then it doesn't help them.

Describe the Great Migration (of African Americans) during WW1.

Anytime major shake up in nation, black people get out of the south. Called the Great Migration. Hundreds of thousands of black southerers moving into gilded cities. Werent just excaping jim crow, also responding to instability of ww1 and increase in war production (increases in factories)

significance Plessy v. Ferguson

Approves Jim Crow segregation by declaring "Separate but Equal" facilities are constitutional

When were MLK, Fred shuttles worth and Ralph Abernathy arrested and charged with parading without a permit (aka engaging in civil rights activism)

April 12th, 1963 (nine days after the start of the Birmingham campaign)

When was he letter from Birmingham jail issued?

April 16th 1963

When did America enter WW1?

April 1917

When was the CPI (committee on public information) established?

April 1917

When did the SCLC begin the Birmingham campaign?

April 3rd, 1963

when was MLK killed?

April 4, 1968

How did other towns react to news of the Salem witch trials?

As news of the salem witches spread, women in other towns began to experience the symptoms of possession. Men almost never felt they were possessed but they came up with charges of their own - sickness or agricultural disasters that could only have been caused by an unnatural evil - or reported nightime visitations that tormented their sleep.

When did James Meredith become the first black person to attend the university of Mississippi (not first black to apply, but first to attend).

August 18th 1963

When did Diem and his brother attack buddhists, killing at least hundreds?

August 21st, 1963

When did WEB Dubois die?

August 27th

When was the march on washington/I had a dream speech?

August 28th

Who were the central powers in WW1?

Austria-Hungary Germany Ottoman Empire

What was happening at the same time as King Philips war?

Bacon's rebellion

Describe the social stigma bankers face. (J.P. Morgan)

Bankers suffer from a social stigma because people don't like taking loans and then paying them back. He doesn't have many admirers

What industry did J.P. Morgan have a monopoly over?

Banking

Describe the Nation of Islam's beliefs.

Basically a cult. Muslims jewish people and christians all believe up to abraham and then ideas start splitting off. All three abrahamic religions believe in the seven days of creation. The cult believed that White people were created by other human beings so while black people have good and evil, white people are just evil. So when they are brought back to earth they overthrown and oppress their masters. Black people need to live like they were meant to live, no longer living this degraded life.

Describe JFK's "Ich bin ein Berliner" speech and the build up to that speech

Basically free movement between east and west berlin. Communist government of east germany builds a wall. Then a wall goes up to keep the communists in. walls are normally built to keep people in, not out. If you tried to escape the berlin wall they would shoot you. Had literal land mines on the east german side of it they had guard towers. JFK travels to berlin wall and gives most famous speech "yes I;m american and your german but we are all the same we are all free people. Today he and all free people were berliners"

Describe the 14th amendment.

Basically says that everyone Born in the Us is a citizen, and therefore has contitutional protections.

why did New Englanders believe the women were more likely to be ministers of the devil?

Because of the 'intellectual and moral inferiority'

Describe the build up to/influencers of JFK's civil rights speech.

Because there were decades of active agitation to force someone in his position to acknowledge that there was racial discrimination in America and particularly in the American South. They forced President Kennedy to finally speak out and say that this was not how America should be living. Also helped that we were in the middle of the cold war - propaganda of fair and good was easily dissolved if one cited the Jim Crow South as evidence against.

Describe the Eugenics movement with the Nazi's. What effect did this have on the American eugenics movement?

Before the nazis built a single concentration camp, the first act of the holocaust was to forcibly sterilize everyone who they said was unfit. When the nazis get put on trial after the holocaust the nazis say look at supreme court decision Buck V. Bell. Not a crime to sterilize people. Every leading nazi stands up and cites buck v. bell in the supreme court for what they have done. American eugenicists at the end of the war were like that was what we meant but we are denying it. Petered out after WW2.

Who wrote the Feminine Mystique?

Betty Friedan

Who were the two earliest accusers in the salem witch trials?

Betty Parris and Ann Putnam

What was the most racist city?

Birmingham Alabama. Jim crow had shiften, used to be intense in texas, lousiana, arkansaw. Then shifted to the deep south. Deep south - georgia alabama mississippi. Albama is the capital of that and birminghapm is the capital of alamama

Describe Birth control in the gilded ages.

Birth control was illegal. They would put you into federal prison if you tried to tell someone how reproduction work. Women were not allowed to know how their bodies worked. Literally illegal to know how it worked until 1933. Probably an attempt to control women.

Describe the 15th amendment.

Black Male Suffrage Basically says that black men have the right to vote. Recognized that black men have the right to vote. Right was always there, government was just standing in the war. Didn't give them the right to vote.

What were the black codes in the gilded age?

Black codes - laws only for african american people (didn't apply to whites) As a black person in the south it was illegal for you to be on the street in certain parts of the town. Illegal to be out after curfew. Illegal to not be carrying ID at all times. A lot of times the crimes were under the black codes when they filled out the form to arrest someone. Needed to have a note in their pocket from a white person if they had money.

Who was the most likely to be lynched?

Black men were the most likely to be lynched but also black women and children. Sometimes families. No recognition that this is a child. Pregnant women.

How did the Sarah's and tituba respond to the girls accusations of witchcraft.

Both the accused sarahs denied being witches. But tituba attempted to protect herself by saying what her questioners wanted to hear - a tactic that ultimately saved her life but gave the salem authorities the ammunition they needed to keep the hunt going.

Describe how Bull Connor reacted to the children's crusade in Birmingham.

Bull doesn't see any difference between who should be treated humanely/inhumanely between children and adults. Real danger. 1 in 3 members of poliece department were card carrying kkk members. Bull Connor orders the use of dogs and firehoses. Can't overstate what it means to be hit by a firehose. Serious injury. Important not just because it shows the truth about the south (how violent it was) but it also shows that every part of the government was functioning as a part of Jim crew. Who is more neutral than the fire department but tell them to turn a hose on the black kids, unless they are willing to do it it wont be done. Every part of the southern government and social leadership was acting in support of Jim Crow. German shephards are poliece dogs and war dogs. Bull connor was acting like he was at war with the african americans. Dogs arent chasing them down the road. Police are hold the people in place and then bringing the dogs to them. Not a control issue, they are being punished for being 'out of line.'

Who killed Medgar Evers?

Byron de la Beckwith

What is communism the opposite of?

Capitalism (economic systems)

What was the outcome of Bell v. Buck?

Carrie says you have basic rights and the supreme court says no you do not. They give the thumbs up to forcible sterilization. William Howard Taft (Chief Justice on the Supreme Court) was one of the men who sanctioned forcible sterilization. He was a leading Eugenecists. Vivian had no genetic problem. Supreme court is looking at situation and saying three of them is enough. So okay to forcibly sterilize thema gainst their will.

What song did Sam cooke write that was significant to the civil rights movement?

Change is going to come

How were women characterized during the Great Depression.

Characterized as "Job stealers" Certain people deserve jobs and if you are taking those jobs then you are taking away jobs from people who deserve them. Job stealers is always aimed at lower paid people. Women received between 1/3 and 1/2 of the minimum wage for men. Women are taking jobs that rightfully belong to men, new deal didn't do anything to dissuade this statement.

Describe the Ridges convining the tribe to move to Arkansas.

Cherokee Elite were the ridges. Became fully americanized. The US govrnment says that if they leave they will reciee land in arkansaw. The Ridges start tellign the whole tribe we have to go and the tribe says no. They say no and the ridges leave and go to arkansaw and take everything the Us offered them. left the tribe with no representation that the united states recognizes. Have to fight without an elite class and the US only recognizes the elite class.

Who was Clarence Darrows and what was his relation to the scopes monkey trial?

Clarence Darrows. Worked his way into the public consciousness (Cameo in Bee movie) - in trial, don't stay on track. Don't necessarily relate to legality of case but circus atmosphere allows him to say that. He worked as the defense lawyer of John T. Scopes. Circus atmosphere snowballed and kept bringing in bigger and bigger and higher up people. He wanted to get in the public discussion the ideas that we don't have to believe everything that is in the bible and the things the pastors say are in the bible. Trying to get away from restrictive religion.

Define the term speakeasy

Clubs that sold illegal alcohol during Prohibition - hidden, but not really that much, listened to recordings of jazz

Define the term jook joint

Clubs that sold illegal alcohol during prohibition- openerated openly in backwoods areas, usually had live music...

Why is the Cold War a misnomer?

Cold War is a misnomer to imply that nobody died. In reality there are at least 3 wars to occur within the cold war. When people say cold war, nobody died, erasing not only the peoples deaths, but their lives. Millions of people's lives. Shouldn't accept that official history tells us they don't matter.

Who won the Vietnam war?

Communism. When your capital is named after the leader of the opposing force, you lost the war.

What was the FBI originally created to deal with?

Communists and Prohibition

significance Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge

Community interests take priority over business interests

Why did the upper class not care about the prison systems during Prohibition?

Crimes that people are going to jail for are being openly participated in by the top level of society. When you know that your chid will never be there you don't care if rape gets entrenched as part of its culture, if the food is rotten, in prison because you will never be there. Prohibition acts as an agent of pulling apart even further the very rich from the very poor.

Describe the bay of pigs.

Cuba is 90 miles away from Florida When cuba tusn communist a lot of people were exiled from cuba. Kennedy decides that 1200 people if they were armed they could go to cUba and liberate the cubans. So that there is not a super communist country. Capture the 1200 exiles, most are imprisoned.

Where did JFK die?

Dallas TX

Where was Lee Harvey Oswald killed?

Dallas TX

Describe David Stephenson's attack on his girlfriend in the 1920s.

David Stephenson was the head of the Klan He would go around with his girlfriend, hold a rally and the that town would lynch someone. At that time, porters who worked on trains were almost exclusively black. Told them to stay away from them. He locks her up for 3 days and attacks her/rapes her. (she was an immigrant). She's been chewed on. Charge him with murder. All this comes out in court.

What caused a sharp decline in membership in the KKK in the 1920s.

David Stephenson's attack on his girlfriend. Story comes out in court and people thought that everything klan did was to protect white women, when it comes out that stephenson had attacked this white girl then you see sharp decline in membership.

Who was the head of the KKK in the 1920s?

David Stephenson.

What was the effect of the security act of 1739.

Debate whether the security act was the result of a growing insurgency or whether the security act was the cause of the rebellion (if you are bringing guns into church you cant be trusted)

Who won the space race?

Depends on where the finish line is for who won the space race - Thing in space: Russia - Person in space: Russia - Moon: America

What is democracy the opposite of?

Dictatorship (government system) *Any communist nation that has ever existed has been a dictatorship.

What is the difference between murder and assassination?

Difference between assassination and murder: assasinations are those who are politically important/famous. Also motivated by politcal types of feelings.

Describe the difficulty with social activism (distraction versus content) with suffrage.

Difficulty with social activism is that the opposition side does not deal with content, they just deal with distraction. (not talking about right to vote anymore, just trying to defend yourself against their claims). Doesn't matter what content is, because it is coming from you it is not going to live up to standard.

What is the 17th amendment?

Direct election of senators by the people, rather than election by state legislators

Describe unmarried women during the New Deal.

Disconnected from people who are getting befefits of new deal. Equated fact that I'm poor means that nobody loves me and nobody will take care of me. Suffered such humilation that they starved alone in attics. Didn't reach out to organizations. Didn't stand in line for food because didn't want to proclaim that nobody loved them.

Describe how the treatment of the children in the children's crusade at the hands of bull Connor skewed the traditional narrative of African americans begin threats to white citizesn/women.

Distorting narrative. Narrative had been black people were out of control and we have to control them. Now going to be the white people going out and beating the children.

Describe secret police loyal to Diem's brother attacking US journalists in Vietnam

Do so to make sure that america doesn't know what is going on and can't report. Ngo Diem is the leader of South vietnam. (pronounced with a Z) He is very oppressive especially to buddhist people. His brother and him are kind of like 'dictators.' JFK and robert are the american versian (democratic version) of the diem brothers. Diem brothers think they can still get rid of the US.

Describe the way to dismiss a suffragist: Empty Headed Fashion

Doing it because it seems cool and they get their picture taken and they get posters made out of them but meanwhile you are not even thinking about it.

Describe the premise of the Eugenics movement.

Don't want to kill people but just don't want them to be born. Eugenics means well-born. Wanted to be sure that only well born people actually got born.

Describe the two camps that America was split into over the question of joining WW1.

Dove (bird that represents peace) - people who want to stay out of war Hawk (predatory bird) - people who wanted to go to war.

How did the doves respond to Woodrow Wilsons goal of ww1 to fight the war and make the world safe for democracy.

Doves said no because doesn't go with what you are saying. Russian Tzar. Tzars of russia were full blown murderous dictators.

Describe the doves reaction to the sinking of the lusitania.

Doves were saying slow down, you put yourself at risk by going on the ship. Shouldn't enter into a war that would kill millions of americans because we are scared of U boats in the english channel. Just don't go to the english channel.

Who did Carrie buck sue in the case of Bell v. Buck?

Dr. Bell, the head of the institution in 1927. Dr. Bell is the guy who represents the asylum.

Describe evolutionism and Creationism in schools in the early 20th century.

Early 20th century often gets mischaracterized. When we talk about creationism and evolution in school we tend to think that everyone is antievolution. But there was religion in the schools but they believed in a marketplace of ideas. Students could decide which one made sense to them. Creationism and evolutionism was taught side by side.

Who was the pilgrims leader (when they first arrived?)

Edward Winslow

Describe a suffragist/story that stands in contrast to ways of dismissing a suffragist: Abandoning family/gender roles

Elizabeth Cady Stanton Living experiences of most suffragists who were living in their family roles. So many women wanted the right to vote because of family life. Wanted to be able to vote about building codes, wanted to vote on where their children went to school, wanted to vote on their husband's minimum wage.

Describe a suffragist/story that stands in contrast to ways of dismissing a suffragist: Man-Haters

Elizabeth Cady Stanton: Had either 12 or 13 children, 8 of whom survived. Hard to have multiple children unless you hate men. She is living the traditional family life. Susan B. antony was not married and did not have children and Elizabeth cady stantion could nto do that because she had control of her household. When susan showed up all the kids were like great. Partnership but complemented each other (able to do what the other wasn't do) Susan travelled and led rallies, while Elizabeth was the speechwriter.

Describe children and education in the gilded age.

Entire generation of children that does not get education. Good chance the kids just got off of work. Terrible lack of hygene and public safety. Also no supervision of kids in streets because they are in work.

Describe strikes in WW1 and why they didn't work.

Especially work in factories, because have a lot of white workers on strike. Strikes don't work if people replace you. Led to unemployment and enmity between races. Further created racial divisions along class and labor lines. When white people went on strike, black people would replace them. Within the mine industry as a whole, they stay together interracially better than any other industry. Other industries totally fall for it. Creates tons of racial division.

significance of Marbury v. Madison

Established Judicial Review, the right of the Supreme Court to overturn unconstitutional laws passed by Congress as an exercise of checks and balances

Describe the Eugenics movement in present day.

Eugenics movement is still here, especially for native women, and women of color. But especially native women. This is Outside of organized eugenics movement.

Describe the circumstances surrounding Malcom X's conversion to regular islam

Eventually he goes to Israel/Palestine and talks to other people and sees that there are non-black muslims. When he leaves the middle east he says there is only one real islam. He converts to regular islam.

Describe the robber Barron tactic Maintaining unsafe work spaces.

Every dollar you save not putting in a fire escape it is a dollar going back to your business/ was saved. Business and individual at the top's pocket were basically the same thing.

What was the significance of the entire African American movement's leadership being killed off in a few short years?

Everyone starts to think that I couldn't be a good enough black person. There's no right way. If you are agitaig socially and you are not getting gpushback from the powerful group your not doing it right. Agitaion means changing the way that htings are. Making people uncomfortable. Clear no safe plac ein america for a black voice on a national level. When MLK gets killed every major city in America had a race riot. Rioting comes when people have no options. Nobody thinks rioting is a good idea. They just have zero other options

Describe example of everyday resistance: parenting

Extremely difficult to mother oppressed people. Have to teach the kids that everything is a lie but that also you have to act like they like.

What was Xenophobia?

Fear of foreigners

When was Malcom X killed?

Feb 21, 1965

When did the CiA create their domestic operations division?

February 11th, 1963

When did the USS Maine Explode? (SA war)

February 15, 1898. 6 days after the Delome letter.

When did the second wave of feminism kick off?

February 19th, 1963.

When was the Delome letter published? (SA war)

February 9, 1898

What was the Government's ultimate reason for passing the 14th amendment?

Federal government is not to end white supremacy - just want to prove to the south that they are in charge.

Why did the federal government pass the 14 amendment? (not real reason)

Federal government says that your state constitutions that allow this are looking weird. Some of them would have a long list of requirements to be a citizen, and then long lists of benefits of being a citizen. At the bottom would say that only white people are citizens. Makes life worse for non-black racial minorities in the south. Now, have been totally denied their rights. 14th amendment was passed in response to jim crow, in response to taking away peoples rights because they were taking away basic human rights of minorities. Passed in response to states not allowing black people to be citizens.

Describe the way to dismiss a suffragist: Man-Haters

Fine line between wanting to be a man and hating men. By introducing it that way setting it up that the real problem is with gender and knowing their place. Suffragists got this through the roof because gender roles were so strong and so rigid in the early 20th century. Also meant can't get a man, wants to be a man, etc.

Describe the formation of the CPI

First propaganda organization is established in America. Called the CPI - committee on public information. First time american government had a straight out propaganda machinee.

What was significant about the children's crusade in Birmingham?

First time in american history where children activley particpated as the main social acotrs in any type of activism. The kids were protesting and marchign in the streets. Saying that it is very unfair. Extremely controversial.

What was the significance of the outcome of buck v. bell?

Forced sterilization is approved by the Supreme Court. Doctors had been going back and forth but once the supreme court sanctions it, Sterilizations shoot up exponentially.

Who were the allied powers in World War I?

France, England, Russia

Describe Frances Williard's viewpoint on temperance movement.

Frances Willard (president of the Women's christian temperance union) wanted to restrict alcohol but unclear in hsitory whether to control people or to help people. Most people in temperence movemetn were there to help people. No government regulation of alcohol at this time. Extra-dangeous. She and movment walk away right after Prohibition is made illegal. Thought we made it law and people will follow it.

Describe the War Industries Board

Gave men 2 choices: fight or work

Describe how men's self esteem took a hit during the Great Depression.

Gender roles are still super entrenched in the time. - Men were seen as breadwinners. Men were supposed to provide and protect family. - They couldn't do this and so self worth took a hit.

Why does the worldwide Flu epidemic get left out of the history books. (during last 10 months of ww1)

Gets left out of textbooks a lot and most historians agree that it is because it overlaps with last 10 months of WW1. We didn't win the flu, we win the war. We like to hear stories about how we acted and we won. As people, Americans are not leaving world war 1 with great spirit of victory (only a little bit) and also a small feeling that no matter what we do something will go wrong (Flu). Can't forget that we tried tried, and tried and it just turned out bad. Tried with progressive era, tried with war, and then something we can't control just took hold

Describe the high risk for girls in the gilded age (including marriage).

Girls had extremely high risk of being forced into prostitution/rape/sexual assult. The legal age to marry a girl (in delaware) was seven. The average in usa was 10. A grown man marrying a seven year old girl. Men in a patriarchy are intrested in raising up a girl from a child to the wife he wants her to be.

Describe example of everyday resistance: Displa of abolitionist material

Good chance they couldn't read it themselves. Just put it up

Describe the race and gender in speak-easies

Had both men and women there (which temperence workers never imagined because during temperence is mostly a men's problem) In the saloons men and women were not equally represented. Mostly white peope in the speak-easies

Describe the consequences of the CPIs goal of creating a racial hatred of germans (through gorilla slurs)

Had real consequences. Lynchings of german americans increased. Tarred and fetherared and hosueses were burned down. If you tell gerneral american populace that a group of people are not real people and you can get them, americans will get them any time.

Where is Harlem?

Harlem is the black part of New York

Describe example of everyday resistance: breakage and sabatage of tools. Work slow downs.

Has to be on the DL by definition. Kind of resistance that only works if people don't know that it is happening.

Describe the strand of racism throughout the entire progressive movement (woman's suffrage)

Have to be super clear with progressivism and social activism. One of elizabeth cady stanton's strongest arguments was that she, an educated white woman, should be able to vote if black men could vote. Strand of racism throughout entire progressive movement that was very strong. Susan B. Antony campaigned for women in utah to lose the right to vote. Many of the top leaders were really asserting their rights to vote at the expense of other people.

Describe the Hawks reaction to the sinking of the lusitania.

Hawks are saying that it was an act of war. We are not fighting back and just getting slaughtered.

What was Andrew Carnegie's personal philosophy?

He believed that the man who dies with the most loses. Didn't see a reason to amass a huge amount of money

How large was William Randolph Hearst's monopoly over the media in 1898?

He controlled 90% of the Newspapers.

Describe WRH's exciting the American Public into war with Cuba.

He got information about Racialized capitilism, brualism, people are startving and worked to death in Cuba. He sensationalized the story though, instead of just stating the truth. "America does nothing while human children are fed to sharks" Right as people calmed down about it another story comes out. The next day or two the stories are like why isnt america doing anything? Who are we? Etc.

Describe Medgar Evers's assasination

He had come home on the night of watching kenendy give the speech. In a moment of hope. He pulls up into his driveway, his wife and kids have been waiting for them. They cross the yard to get to each other and a sniper shoots and kills medgar evers in his own front yard in front of his children.

Describe MLK writing the Letter from Birmingham jail

He had no resources in prisons besides a writing utensil and small pieces of paper. He smuggled it out in pieces and people had to put it together. HE wrote it in 2-3 days.

What were Woodrow Wilson's two goals for WW1?

He stated these goals saying that we are not entering the war but if we did this is what we would do. 1. Fight the war to tend all wars (war to end all wars) - Fight it out win, and then not have war anymore. Nothing like this. 2. Make the world safe for democracy - Go against the Kaisers and help the democracy.

Why did Theodore Roosevelt support the eugenics movement? Describe his 'proposal' for citizenship.

He thought there needed to be less people of color. He put forward a proposal that said in order to qualify to citizenship men have to serve 2 years in active combat. For women, you would qualify by giving birth to four eleigible white men who would qualify (grow up to be men soldiers). Theo thought that white people were committing race suicide, he thought they were being overrun by colored people. He siad non white people didn't qulity period. People with handicaps didn't qulity period. Didn't pass but he proposed it.

Where did Malcom X come in contact with the Nation of Islam?

He was a petty criminal and went to priosn. He cmae in contact with the Nation of Islam.

Describe the arrest of Eugene V. Debs under the espionage and sedition acts. Describe his presidential run from prison and the consequences of the election.

He was sentenced to 10 years in prison. He runs again in 1920 from prison. Eugene V. Debs got 4% of the vote. People were really done with the system as it was working (can tell because they would rather vote for a socialist in prison than a war general) Capitalism and democracy as a concept was hanging on by a thread.

What was special about Andrew Jackson's presidency?

He was the first president not to be from the elite class

How was Sam Cook arrested?

He went into a white hotel and was arrested

Who were the leaders in charge of the three countries invovlved int he cuban missile crisis?

Head of Us: JFK Head of USSR: Krushchev Head of Cuba: Castro

What did the 16th street baptist church function as?

Head quarters for SCLC and functioning church in Birmingham

Describe how Hearst shaped the view of the Spanish American war after it was over?

Hearst was able to shape the view of war afterward - he erased the brutality of war (kill or be killed).

Who had a monopoly on automobiles?

Henry Ford

Describe Malcom X's backstory.

His dad was generally economically successful and that was extremely dangerous. His house was burned down and they moved one state over and his house was burn down again. The kkk took and killed his dad and laid him on a railroad track. Child services targeted the family. They had the mother institutinalized and the kids were farmed out to white foster homes. He existed on the margins of both socities so had a very clear point of view.

Describe why Malcom X began to lose faith in the nation of islam.

Honorable Elijah Mohamad - he's the guy, the top prophet. Comes out that Elijah Mohammed impregnated all of his secretaries. He really starts questioning the ideals of the naion of islam. The more critizes them the more the cops seem to pull him over the more he gets run to the side of the road.

Describe men and bars in the gilded age.

If you're a man who just got off work the bars sent a system that they would cash your paycheck. They would take your tab out of it. Men's paychecks were often just going straight to the bars.

Why did the government decide to set price limits at the wholesale level during WW1?

If your pay goes down there is not a way to get more money. Want to be careful of industrializers trying to make money and accidentally sabatoging the war effort.

Describe the robber Barron tactic Control of Police.

If your workesrs go on strike then call the poliece and they brualize them and then they went back to work. Can't overstate the violence that was part of labor movements. Not always physically brutal but always major pushback in some way. Labor movement is most violent where they faced the most real physical danger as they pushed for reform

What is an Imbecile (in terms of Bell v. Buck)

Imbecile - someone who is stupid. SAT, ACT, any standardized test, any IQ test are created by eugenicists to see who should have children. Didn't use it of course because lots of people would fail it. Now we Use it to decide where people should go to college. Specifically telling phrase "Three generations of imbeciles Is enough" because he says 3 generations (an alcoholic woman, a raped woman, and a baby)

Describe the scopes monkey trial (scene outside the courtroom and build up to the trial)

In Tennessee in 1925 they passed a law that said that evolutionism cant be taught. John Scopes went into a science classroom taught about evolution and was arrested (lots of activists purposely getting arrested, how get into the court system, cant just declare we don't like laws, has to effect you) and put on trial. Daton Tennessee decided to host the circus outside their courtroom. Framed as THE conflict between traditional (creationism) and modern (evolutionism) values. (because money comes in with carnival) Came to be known as Scopes Monkey Trial. John Scopes was the defendant.

What does JFK do in response toDiem and his brother attacking buddhists, killing at least hundreds?

In response JFK tells the American embassy to explore alternative leadership.

Describe wealth in the 1920s

In the 20s, beginning of exponential multiplication of wealth. Top part starts really pulling away from everyone else, much quicker than they have before.

Describe how prohibition contributed to the Great Depression.

In the era leading up to the great depression 1,000 percent increase in federal spending, leading up to Great Depression With the great depression, it was not the stock market crash. Things don't crumble before they crack. The cracks occurred in the roaring twenties.

Describe Andrew Jackson's backstory.

In the war of 1812. during the american revolution he was captured by the british (him and his brother at 12 years old). He gets exposed to smallpox. Both he and his mother get smallpox. His mother asks for her kids. Have one horse and Andrew has to walk behind the horse. He learns the dangers of walking with smallpox. 1812 he is an adult (england has come back to make us a colony) in new orleans. He has to walk his troops from New orleans from washington DC with no money. Sees The danger of walking people to death.

What does IWW stand for?

International Workers of the world.

Was the convict lease system brutal?

It was extremely brutal, in part because it was so cheap. The convict lease system generated money for practically nothing. Not just another version of slavery but in some ways it is so much worse.

Describe the aftermath of JFK's death.

JFK is killed. Lyndon Johnson becomes President on the plane back. They didn't know what the write words are. Had to call the attorney general bobby kennedy within hours of his brother dying to give the words to swear the president in who he hated. Jackie who made fun of Lyndon B. Johnson had to stand next to him. Johnson is the only president to be sworn in on a catholic bible because only bible on the place was a catholic one. Southerns saw jfk as an elitiest. Johnson comes in and texans it up and then they win. Johnson brought the south to the table.

Describe J.P. Morgan and his loan to the government. What was the effect of this loan?

JP morgan was so powerful then in the 1890's when the federal governemtn was going bankrupt. They never stabilized. The gilded age is not a period of stabilization. They needed a loan and so took out a loan from J.P. morgan who gives a personal loan from his actual bank account to save the federal government of the united states. When the people in congress write laws to write the banks they remember that their salaries are paid by J.P. morgan. The governemtn really becomes subserviant to the coorperations

Who killed Lee Harvey Oswald

Jack Ruby

Where did Medgar Evers die?

Jackson Mississippi

Who killed MLK Jr?

James Earl Ray

What was the first English colony?

Jamestown

Describe Jane Addams Background

Jane Addams (was one of the baddest ladies that ever lived -she got stuff done). Her dad was friends with lincoln (John Addams). She was a woman of wealth and could have easily lived a life of shining things up.

When was the Zimmerman note?

January 1917

significance Korematsu v. United States

Japanese-Internment camps were NOT a violation of constitutional rights because they were a military necessity

Who was the first billionaire (personal net worth was a billion)?

John D. Rockefeller

Describe John D. Rockefeller setting up public schools. (also with connotation of public lease system).

John D. Rockefeller was also instrumental in setting up public schools and spellman. In setting up public schools John Rockefeller expecitly said I want workers not thinkers. Really a worker production system. Measure success by getting a job. Prison architects design every school that goes up. Not a coincidence. Schools are interlinking with the prison. School to prison pipeline. Criminalizing being tardy, etc. all that is helping create more workers. Extension of the convict lease system. Goal is workers not thinkers. '

Who led the AEF? American expeditionary force

John J. Pershing

Describe John D. Rockefellers monopoly on oil.

John controlled the worlds oil essentially (oil had not been discovered in the middle east) You pay rockefellers prices or you don't have a rail system and then you have no economy. Whole thing will shut down if you challenge the prices that JR sets. HE had an immense amount of power.

After ed Winslow died, who was the new leader of the puritans?

Josiah Winslow

When do secret police loyal to Diem's brother attack US journalists in Vietnam?

July 7th 1963

When did the Governor of Alabama, George Wallace, stand in the schoolhouse doorway?

June 11, 1963

When does JFK give the civil rights address?

June 11, 1963

When was the Vietnamese self-immolation?

June 11, 1963

When was Medgar Evers killed?

June 12, 1963

When was the Berlin Airlift?

June 1948-May 1949

When does JFK give the ice been win belier scpeech?

June 26, 1963

When was Robert Kenned killed?

June 6, 1968

What was special about JFK in terms of white supremacy?

Kennedy is the 1st american president to not be pro white suppremacist.

Who wrote I too sing America?

Langston Hughes

Who was Samuel Gompers?

Leader of the American Federation of Labor

Who were some famous Eugencists?

Leading movement supported by Woodrow Wilson when he was president of US. Theodore Roosevelt and Margaret Sanger was a leading Eugenicist. (it is the reason why she founded birth control). Margaret Sanger had agency and she would tell you Eugenics was the main thing she was fighting for. She did not believe that unfit people should be born. Whole reason why she was fighting for birth control, not for women. History of Birth control and eugenics are intertwined.

Who killed JFK?

Lee Harvey Oswald

Describe Lee Harvey Oswalds backstory/politcal assignations.

Lee harvey oswald was a traied mariene sniper. Belonged to the communist party, tried to recruit people into it and married to the russians.

What set the precedence for the Salem witch trials?

Less than 50 years before the salem crisis several hundred people were executed in england for witchraft - 90% of them women.

Describe the daily changes that occurred during WW1 Greater acceptance of Propaganda

Liberty bonds - Anytime people in their daily lives feel connected to the war we always win. Anytime people question the war then we always lose.

Where did Jane Addams live?

Lived in chicago which was one of the most successful cities in the world but was also one of the worst living condidtions.

Where was Robert Kennedy killed?

Los Angeles

Describe how the CPI accomplished their goal of creating patriotic love for America.

Lots of patriotic connections, especially with white women. Basically saying white women need your help. Basically saying come help white supremacy

Describe the sinking of the Lusitania.

Lusitania was sunk by German submarines Lusitania: 'passenger' ship carrying American citizens from US to Britain. Conspiracy was they were transporting weapons and military stuff to the weapons. When word comes down to WRH - almost every newspaper is innocent passenger vessel sunk.

Describe Lynching Sundays.

Lynching Sundays. Pastor would give inflamatory sermons and the congregation as a whole moves to find a black person and murders them. Would justify it by the protection of women. Jailers were complicit in lynching.

What is the greatest example of extralegal enforcement of the black codes?

Lynching.

Who was the head of the SCLC?

MLK

Who wrote "A Letter from a Birmingham Jail?"

MLK

Describe MLK and economic oppression.

MLK eventually moved away from talking just about racism. He went to chicago and saw there was extreme economic oppression. A lot of people think that it was the talk about poor people who got him killed. As soon as he started talking about captilitsm and economic oppression, boom, he got killed.

why did Margaret Sanger support the eugenics movement?

MS though there needed to be less people in general.

Who is associated with WARN?

Madonna Thunderhawk

What did Malcom X believe about protesting the Jim Crow Era.

Malxom X says we need to change but rejected Martin Luther King Junior and his ideas of nonviolent protest. He said we need to do whatever means are necessary. If you don't change your mind through debate then I'm going to do whatever it takes by any means necessary. It is up to the power structure when this ends.

How did those accused to witchcraft save themselves (in the salem witch trials)?

Many of the people accused of witchraft saved themselves by confessing. The authories probably intended to punish them later, but the ploy worked, and all the alleged witches who admitted their pact with satan were able to remian alive until the trials came to an end and they recanted their confession.

When did Russia drop out of WW1?

March 1917 (Bolshevik revolution -- communism)

When did the Supreme Court come down with a decision on Gideon v. wainwright?

March 28, 1963

Who was the leader of the Back to Africa Movement

Marcus Garvey

Describe MLK's approach to protest.

Martin Luther King Jr. as a christian reverend advocated non violence. It is always escelating violence and that is not how we are supposted to live. No matter how violent they act you have to respond how god would want you to. Have to change the narrative. Make the argument that african americans are not uprising. Clear who is violent and who is victims. He talks about non violence continually.

Who was the chief of the wampanoag when the pilgrims arrived?

Massasoit

What country was fighting through North Korea?

Massive communist nation (china became communist in 1949). China is behind North Korea.

When was the Selective Service Act (draft) created?

May 1917

What was the outcome of the Berlin blockade/airlift?

May 1949 Stain withdraws and America regains control in the little half city.

When was the Children's Crusade? in Birmingham

May 2-5

When did bull Connor order the use of firehoses and dogs?

May 2nd 1963

where was MLK killed?

Memphis, Tennessee

What happened to metacom in king Philips war?

Metacom was behedded had all his limbs remeoved ansd sent to differet colnies. Metacom's head was put on a spike and left in the colonies. His head was there during the salem witch trials. Said that it was proof that god loved us so he sent an epediemic to wipe ou tth enative people died. God loves us more, clearing the land to us. Salem is not happening nin vaccum of weird ness. People who had come up in this society.

Who was the chief of the wampanoag after massasoit died?

Metacom/King Philip

Describe the Zimmerman Note.

Mexico was not involved in WW1 and Germany wanted Mexico involved and fighting the US. Germany said we want you to fight the US because we want them occupied but not fighting against us. Germany promised CANT (California Arizona New Mexico Texas) to mexico if they kept them occupied.

Why was Robert Kennedy killed?

Mid-East Policy. If you don't know why something happened how can you recover from it?

Describe the effects of the government setting price limits at the wholesale level during WW1.

Middle man, guy who sells any product, know that wont ever have to pay above price can make lots of money. In one year, prices on everything doubled. Cant overstate how workers being exploited and prices going up makes things 10 times worse then they had already been.

What type of feminism was NOW associated with?

Moderate feminism. Mostly represent the middle class white women "the problem that has no name" refers to mostly whie middle class women

Describe the connotations of the board game monopoly, which came out in the 1930s.

Monopoly came out in the 1930's during the great depression. (direct correlation between railroads, convict lease system, and making of money).

What was lynching really about? Why did they justify it with sexual politics?

Most lynching was about economics. Largely economiic reasons for lynching but knew they could justify it with sexual politics. Can justify it in the public mind.

Who did most of the girls accuse in the salem witch trials?

Most of the people the girls accused were either citizens hwo had expressed doubts about their credibility or those who had in the past taken sides against the putnams in the town's endless esries of feuda and lawsuits.

who was the typical fugitive?

Mostly women

What was the 20th amendment?

Moved the beginning and end of the terms of the president from March 4 to January 20

Where was Malcom X killed?

NYC

What does NOW stand for?

National Organization for Women

When was the KKK the most powerful?

Never as powerful as they were in the 1920s. Been around since reconstruction. By 1920s had fully legitimized. Had overt members even though they were supposed to be secret. Card carrying members in government offices, senate, sheriffs offices.

Who killed Malcom X?

No one knows

Why was JFK murdered?

No one knows because Lee harvey oswald was arrested after killing a police officer and beaten by the police. They announce when they move him to the court house. Jack Ruby runs a strip club (not the normalized sex trade.i fyou are a strip club ownder at 1963 you are at the deepest levesl of the margins of society, very seedy. Sees himself as half cop haf gangster. The cops turn a blind eye because he bribed them with women and free alcohol. Neither group sees him as beloning). As americans he thinks we have to get angry and go do something. Live on tellevision he shoots lee harvey oswald on a Sunday where everybody is watching. For the first time a live murder is broadcast on national television. Jack ruby delcares that he is a hero and reaches out to the nation (fells like he deserves glory)

Why was Malcom X killed?

No one knows why. Mainstream america did not mourn the death of malcom X. Some people were like boo hoo - america got what was coming to them - they have been participating in systematic race. Malcom X was one of them. He thus was rejected by white mainstream society.

Were all women in favor of suffrage?

No, a lot of women wanted to do something other than suffrage, they didn't believe that it would actually help them get rights.

Were all suffragists female?

No. A lot of female anti-suffragists and a lot of men suffrage workers. Don't want to divide pro/anti suffrage movement by gender.

Did anyone ever crack the Navajo code of the US during the world wars?

Nope

Describe the political assignations of North and South Vietnam.

North vietnam was communist, south vietnam was free.

How did Americans get rid of the native americans culture?

Not all attacks came from a military man holding a gun. How you get rid of people's culture is attackign their children. Done through boarding schools.

Describe Native American feminism.

Not just racism and economic oppression but also imperalistm. The problem is that captilitsm works off of racism and all that is used to support patriarchy. Only if there are workers that are exploited can captilism work and you can create a group to be oppressed if you try. The problem is not washing dishes. Many suffer a direct attack on the family, mainstream feminists are saying that we have to break out of the family life, so their problem was not breaking out but they wer enot allowed to mother and not allowed to be a wife to their husbands.

describe the assassination of Diem and his brother.

Not legal to overthrown other leaders. Dude on our side (in cold war perspective) siginifgant eveidence that robert kennedy JFK and robert macdemera planned and carried out the assasination of the diem brothers. All in support of democracy but really is hyprocritical.

When is JFK killed?

November 22, 1963

when did JFK die?

November 22, 1963

When was Lee Harvey Oswald killed?

November 24, 1963

When are Diem and brother overthrown and assassinated?

November 2nd

When was Sam Cooke arrested?

October 8th 1963

What industry did John D. Rockefeller have a monopoly over?

Oil, Standard Oil Company

Describe the case of Skinner v. Oklahoma

Oklahoma passes a law saying that everyone in prison had to be sterilized unless they were there for bribery, embezzlement, or political corruption (white people exempted themselves) Eventually went up to supreme court and supreme court overturned that. Said you can't do that. Specifically because they had put exemptions in the supreme court said this isnt going to do. The writers of the law put exemptions in for a certain kind of prisnor.

what was significant about JFK's death?

On november 22th, everyone was watching the TV, they broadcast the president being shot in the head. They couldn't image what it would look like when someone died. Loss of innocence.

Describe Lalawethika's vision.

One day lalawethika falls face first into a fire and he has a vision that america will be defeated. Experiences a 180 in personality. People start treating him with respect.

What was one of the first things the CPI created?

One of the first things they create is the I WANT YOU For US Army

Where were the witch trials mainly? (In the colonies)

Only new englanders seemed interested in ferretting them out. Virtually no witch trials in any colonies but massachussetts and connecitcut

How many people were sterilized by the open eugenics movement?

Over 60,000 people

Describe the presence of police and authority figures in lynching.

Overt presence. Practically whole sheriffs department were card carrying kkk members.

significance Brown v. Board of Education, Topeka, KS

Overturns Plessy v. Ferguson, declaring Separate but Equal is inherently unequal; orders the end of racial segregation

Describe the build up and reasons for the Berlin Blockade.

People live next to each other. West is full of color and life and the other is living in dictatoed jobs, with as little color as possible. The comparison was extreme. Josph stalin wanted to win the image war. He doesn't want to bomb west berlin because it would be like bombing america. At this point America has nuclear bombs and Russia does not. He says that's fine. He starts a blockade around the half city of west berlin. No food in and out no traveling. Stuck there. To half the half city of free people made communism work bad. Could clearly see, one is better than the other.

Describe how entrenched the KKK was in American society.

People still did business with kkk members. In Top levels of power and every level in society. Had to be down with kkk business enough to still interact with them. Permeates white society. In 1920s they were the government of american south on every level.

What is the most defining characteristic of progressivism?

People used the government to enact change.

Were people sent into prison equally during prohibition? Describe how alcohol related to immigrants.

People were not sent into prison equally. Very wealthy white people were allowed to break the law with impunity while immigrants, people of color, and poor people were put into prison. Newly arrived people didn't view alcohol the same way they viewed it. Don't think of it as an intoxicating agent. part of a specifically anti-immigrant push (prohibition is). Cant make immigrations illegal so make a huge part of their life illegal and then can arrest them by the thousands.

What is a runaway?

Permanent self relocation (not coming back)

Describe the differences in how the police operated in the north and the south in the gilded Age.

Police developing a different way in the south than in the north North - essentially privately run countries South - slave catchers to enforcers of (convict lease system, debt peonage, sharecropping)

Describe the robber Barron tactic Convict Lease System.

Pours free money into pockets of monopolies people.

Describe the religion in New England

Predominately puritan

Where is one of the widest conversion places for the nation of islam?

Prison

Describe Prohibition and the growth of the prison industrial complex.

Prisons had started around the same time as prohibition. After prohibition a large national profit making complex was not really in place unitl prohibition and sending tens of throusands of people into it.

Describe a suffragist/story that stands in contrast to ways of dismissing a suffragist: Glory Hounds

Probably thousands of women participated in the suffrege work but we only know a few. Almost all of the sufferage workesr are forgotten/don't have much documentation on them. The people who were behind the leaders in the marches their names are largely unrecorded.

What is the 18th amendment?

Prohibition

significance Engel v. Vitale

Prohibits prayer in public school, declares it a violation of the separation of church and state

What were the Freedom Rides?

Protests against segregation on interstate busing in the south.

significance New York Times v. Sullivan

Public figures cannot claim they have been libeled unless there were false statements published with "reckless disregard" and "actual malice"

What did the puritans believe about the creation of babies?

Puritans believed that every woman had seven sacs (three on the right Understood basic ideas (sex = babies) but other wise had no ideas.

Describe the puritans understanding of live/heaven and hell

Puritans have a very communal understanding of life and that extends to religion - all of us into heaven and all of us into hell. Very strict on watching each other.

Describe the sociological theory more police less morality (in the prohibition era)

Push for getting people for respecting the law is that we need more police. If only we expanded the FBI if only we did this and that it would make people respect the law again. Opposite is true. The more legal enforcement there is the less moral a society is. That messaging makes people think can I get away with it versus should I do ti. If we don't think should I do it then you don't have a moral values, and a moral society.

Describe the extent to which the puritans were persecuted in England.

Putians ahd much more support from england. They wanted to stay connected with the church. Large group in england. Did suffer persecution but not as grand as we think it is.

Who started the prison movement and why?

Quakers started the prison movement and they thought that if you could be in a room by yourself then you could begin to repent.

Describe the differences in religious beliefs between the Quakers and the Puritans

Quakers were very radical and super devoted to peace and passivism. What they actively do is in a peaceful way. They read the same bible the puritans are reading (the king James bible). Puritans read it and say we are all going to hell or all going to heaven. Quakers said that what you are saying is heretical (that god would not send you to hell just because you are surrounded by the wrong people) and they believed that they cn have a personal relationship with god.

Why was Medgar Evers killed?

Racism and White Supremacy. White supremacy is being challenged so I shoot colored people challenging them. right after JFK's civil rights speech

What was the engine of the gilded age economy?

Railroads. - Like in monopoly - No matter which side you are on in monopoly the railroad is always there.

Describe George Wallace's run for president.

Ran for president in 1968, one of the most successful third party runs. The entire deep south voted for him (the white voters, who were the only ones allowed to vote). The voters wanted his quote to be the national agenda. George Wallace was very important on the national scene.

Describe the lead up to the Eugenics movement.

Real problem is not poverty and oppression, but wrong people. Who cant read? The wrong kind of people Who gets lynched? The wrong kind of people If we can just get rid of these people then the problems will just go away.

Describe the relationship between the Wampanoag tribe and the early puritans (led by Edward Winslow).

Relationship largely defined by cooperation (give and take) - people who have the first thansksgiving. Indians step in when pilgrims are starving to death. Intorduce them to farming.

Why did Jack Ruby kill Lee Harvey Oswald?

Revenge/Glory. Thinks he will be remembered as the guy who avenged John Kennedy. Can't ask lee harvey who did it. When it ends abruptly or something like that happens, inspires many conspiracies.

When was the War Commission created?

Right after JFK's death.

Describe Lyndon B. Johnson's refusal to run for re-election

Right after MLK died/during the assasinations During this time Lyndon B. Johnson refused to run for re-election. He doesn't want to be president of America anymore because he doesn't like the people. No one else has refused to serve.

Describe Robert Kennedy's actions when he heard that MLK died

Robert Kennedy is at a campaign rally and got the news that MLK died. He talked to the crown and Tried to take it out of racial realm. My brother was also killed by a white man. By saying that, he took it out of white v. black and into good v. bad men. Stoped that city for having a riot.

Describe the Kitchen Debates.

Russia built a model american house (1950s house) and filled it up with american stuff (for propaganda). Nixon and Nikia went through the hosue debaiting their political systems all the while.

Describe the Cuban Missile Crisis

Russia sends nuclear missiles to Cuba for 13 Days Cuba is not a pawn in the cuban missile crisis, castro is fully active in telling the Russians to bring the nuclear missiles to cuba and to point them at the US. Kennedy says move the missles, Kruschev says ill move them if you move them. Kennedy says move the missles or I'll kill everybody. Like a game of nuclear chicken. Kruschev 'blinked' and took his missles and went back to Russia.

Who won the kitchen debates?

Russia won at the end, but americans could say that they made a good point. Depends on which side you say has a point.

who won the u-2 incident?

Russia. The U-2 incident makes America look hypocritical, which is extremely bad for the image.

Describe the different ways people call Captiains of Industry, Robber Barons, and Industrialists.

Same people but what perspective does the writer have □ Robber barons is negative □ Captains of industry is postive □ Industrialist will be used a neutral term but doesn't quite connote that top person (like rockefeller)

Describe the Sexual Stereotypes associated with black men in the Jim Crow era.

Same type of animilzation is placed onto black men. Black men can't decide who to have sex with. Anybody that was available, whether they consented or not. And they had extraspecial physical powers. Dangrous stereotype because say's differnet from other men.

Who was Andre Carnegie?

Scottish imigant who worked as a laborer (tenement)

When was the 16th street baptist church bombed?

September 15, 1963

Describe SCUM's beliefs about men

She coined term for men that they were walking abortions because it was a literal genetic deficiency to be a man because there was a part missing on a chromosomal level. Enemy and his name is man.

Describe a fugitive's dealing with master to return to plantation.

She has already esaped, slave owner is not in a posistion of power. Sometimes masters would agree and then the slaves would come back and be extremely punished. Sometimes people would be held to their word.

Describe Betty Friedan

She put on a grandmotherly and white suburman middle class housewife bored by the mainstream appearance but was actually a full on member of the communist regime. She ditched communism and went on to feminism.

Describe Valerie Solanas

She was sexually abused as a young child and developed paranoid schizophrenia. She got a masters in psychology and biology. She paid for college by working as a street prostitute. People go to street prostitutes because they want to be with someone and then throw them away. Spent decades as a street prostitute.

Who killed Robert Kennedy?

Sirhan Sirhan

Describe the Sexual Stereotypes associated with white women in the Jim Crow era.

So pure, and clean and like angels. Don't even like sex. Only do it with their husbands because the bible said so. If you barely touched them they would shatter. One of the ways that white men would defend their actions of lynching.

What does SCUM stand for?

Society for Cutting Up Men

When are the two times that the Cold War could have ended?

Some people think it ended when the berlin wall 'fell' (was torn down). 1991 Other people said it is not american democracy versus the berlin wall, its AD versus soviet communism so as long as the soviet union exists the war is not over. (vladimer putin and china)

Describe the two ways the government enforced laws in the progressive era.

Sometimes laws are passed and not enforced. Sometimes laws are passed an enforced with a vehemence that no one expected (prohibition) Progressives faced those challenges with government. (gov ignoring or enforcing crazily)

Describe example of everyday resistance: pins and other physical protections

Sometimes led to more brutality but other times led to less brutality

Where was the stono rebellion?

South Carolina.

What was the south's response to the federal government passing the 14th amendment?

South comes back and says okay they are citizens but they can't vote. Disenfranchisment. Means being denied the right to vote. Almost immediete lack of recognition in the south that they are the ones they lost the war. They immedietely start putting their demands in place.

What was the south's response to the 15th amendment?

South says fine, they can vote, if they qualify. Put in place 3 tests/qualifiers. 1) Literacy Test 2) Poll Tax 3) Grandfather clause

What did the SCLC stand for?

Southern Christian Leadership Conference

What was the Soviet Unions strategy during the soviet afghan war?

Soviet Union Strategy: Targeted children not to kill them but to maim them in a way that would keep their families busy.

significance Schenck v. United States

Speech can be limited in wartime if it presents "a clear and present danger"

What was a result of concurrent enforcement during prohibition?

Start seeing a casual hanging around of law enforcement in illegal situations. #1 give me your alcohol. #2 give me money so I don't arrest you. When you get that level of corruption (poliece are very vulnerable to corruption) at the national level state level and local level you see explosition of voiolence. Police start getting killed in very large numbers because some people are essentially building cartels. Prohibition encourages binge drinking nad black market. For some people Not about beer or mariwana about the fact that it is illegal and therfore they can sell it at a huge profit. Major growth of organized crime (Gansters). Some famous people like John Dillinger.

significance of McCullough v. Maryland

States cannot tax a federal bank The Federal government and United States Constitution are supreme over local laws

What industry did Andrew Carnegie have a monopoly over.

Steel.

What was the significance of the war industries board saying that men could either fight in the war or work.

Strikers: You go on strike, next week draft card in mailbox. Chioce becomes working in whatever conditions boss decides or going to fight in france. Empowers management. While they were dependent on labor, they were still very exploited. Really strengthened power of management and industrializts. Robber barrons (top level of hawks) were able to really benefit form it financially

significance Tinker v. Des Moines Independent School District

Students at public schools retain their First Amendment rights as long as they do not disrupt the learning environment

Describe the connotation of suffragist vs. suffragette.

Suffragist vs suffragette (suffragist is someone working for the right to vote, suffragette is women working for the right to vote. Does the term suffragette infantilize and detract from the hard work that grown women did?)

who did the eugenics movement primarily target?

Target primarily poor people but also illiterate people. Lots of overlap in those parties. Target people of color, criminals (can get rid of crime if criminals are born), and sexually immoral people.

Describe the Battle of Tippencanoe.

Tecumsah was negotioang with governor William henry Harrison. One day the Prophet just charged. Tecumseh dies, end of pan-indian movement. Their best chance to stop eastward expansion. William henry harrison, governor of Indian territories defeats him.

Describe Tecumsah's plan for resisting US expansion.

Tecumsah was trying to create a pan-indian movement to resist eastward expansion of US. (all resist, let's not make the same mistake that we saw in massachussetts) Native people versus invader.

Who was Lalawethika?

Tecumsah's brother. Lalawethika meant loudmouth. He is troubled and nobody respects him (he beats his wife).

Who was the Shawnee Tribe led by in the 1800s?

Tecumsah. He is becomign more and more powerful, with is tribe and with all of the neighboring tribes.

Describe the premise of the temperance movement/prohibition.

Temperance movement wanted people to chill out with alcohol. A lot of people just wanted alcohol to stop ruining peoples lives but then that transforms into Prohibition (completely outlawed). Illegal to drink, make, transport, buy it, everything about it is illegal.

Describe the premise of sharecropping.

Tennant farmer will live on someone else's land for free. Landowner provides them seeds/tractor/tools for farming and then the crop comes up and they pay some of it back to the landowner. Share profit.

Why was the CIA originally founded?

The CIA was originally formed to keep an eye on national affairs. Subversives included civil rights workers. A popular refrain was that the civil rights workers were working for communism. Point where cia starts investigating american cictizesn when they are supposted to be talking about international threats.

which tribe was most heavily effected by the Indian removal act?why?

The Cherokees. They were the tribe that was the most americanized. Learned english and had black slaves.

Where did the violence shift to in the late Jim Crow Era?

The Deep South - Lousiana - Mississippi - Alabama

significance Gibbons v. Ogden

The Federal law is Supreme, even in interstate issues

What was happening at the same time as Nat Turner's rebellion?

The Indian Removal act.

What was the effect of the Stono rebellion?

The Negro Act of 1740

What war was characterized as the "splendid little war"

The Spanish American War.

What tribe did the early puritans encounter when they first arrived in New England?

The Wampanoag tribe

Describe why Malcom X chose to take the last name X.

The X hides himself. He doesn't know his real name - His real name is malcom little. But the people who owned his family were named little. To show property and ownership. The last names were proof of ownership. Why enslaved people are primarily referred to as first names. Many people are like why am I ogin to continue carrying that name? I'm going to put that name on my children, no! X represents the unknown. Who knows what my correct name is? The x says you have taken something from me that cannot be replaced.

Described what faced those accused of witchcraft during the salem witch trials.

The accused witches were helpless. They were confronted by outrageous charges and when they attempted to defend themselves the accusers simply said that the witch had sent her "specter" to do her bidding for her. The girls (accusers) responded to any resistance by going into fits and claiming that the witch had sent a specter to pinch or smother them. The judges, who sometimes seemed as frightened of the girls as they were of witches, rarely asked the accused any questions except why they were tortuing the children.

How did the salem witch trials draw to a close?

The backlash of the trials began with a ghost. The ghost of one of the accused witches appeared to a townsmember declaring her innocence. Meanwhile, the accused witches in prison who had confesssed began to issue retractions.

Who was Wayne Wheeler? How did he react when people weren't following prohibition around Christmastime?

The enforcer of prohibition at a federal level. By 1926 he was aggravated that people werent following 'his' law. He knew that christmastime was going to come and he ordered the local organization that was creating the champagne to posion the champagne bottles and not tell anybody. In new york city alone almost 30 people died. He said maybe next time they will think twice before they break out law - see himself on one side and the people at the other.

What is considered the first wave of feminism?

The first wave of femnism is considered susan b. antony, elixabeth cady stanton. The progressive era and the suffragists

When do English/wampanoag relations begin to sour?

The great migration, when the puritans arrive.

Describe urbanization.

The movement of people into cities (from rural areas)

significance Miranda v. Arizona

The police have to inform you of your rights upon arrest

What is suffrage?

The right to vote (often refers to women)

What was the Philippine Insurrection?

The uprising of the Philippine people against American Imperialism.

Who coined the term muckraker? What did he mean by this term?

Theodore Roosevelt. He meant it as an insult. Saying that lots of beautiful things in the world and you are down in the muck and raking out the tiny things. They took it as a badge of honor.

Describe the premise of the Feminine Mystique

There is a problem with no name. Where women went to work during ww2 and then they came back and went to housework and that people are trapped in that kind of work. Psycologically, same as being trapped in concentration camp. Femenism of upper middle class white women (latina and african american feminists said this).

Describe why there were many immigrants coming to America in the gilded age.

There was turmoil within the world - Ireland had the potato famine - Russia was having a miniholocust - china had the boxcar rebellion - Mexico had a revolution and a dictatorship

Why did the Wampanoag tribe decide to help the pilgrims?

They believed that they were nonthreatening because they didn't act like they were going to conquer the Indians For the most part the wampanoag werent too suspicious of the pilgrims at first (trying to figure out what thie rplan was). The indians noticed they brought women and children (which you don't do) they were also relally terrible at living. This softened the pilgrims to the wampanoag a ton.

How did people in the Jim Crow era justify lynching?

They justified lynching by relying on the story that African Americans were dangerous. (raping white women, etc.) Protecting the women from rape.

Describe how people made changes during the Progressive Era.

They used the government to make the change. Most progressives worked within the system, trying to use the government as agent of change (Really defining characteristic of progressivism)

Describe the Trail of tears.

Thousands died, winter, disease, and hardship. Ridges moved in spring. (walking and on horses) the elite has more horses and they take their horses with them. When the cherokee wanted blankets the US government sent them with smallpox. Extremely difficult land - approaching nature in an exremely exposed way. Most cherokee at this point were christians (trying to americanize) went from georgia to oaklahamoa (indian territories) *Oaklahoma not a state until 1907

Who won the Korean War?

Tie. But for people who live there, still affecting their daily life.

Describe Dorothy Parker's attitude towards life as seen in her poem Resume (1920s).

To dorthoy parker, so much trouble to commit suicide so you might as well life Living is one degree better than suicide.

How did the eugenicists movement ensure that the "wrong people" wouldn't procreate?

To ensure that the wrong people wouldn't have babies, they forcibly sterilized them. People in jail were sterilized, people were literally physically held down as the painkiller was put in. Other people were coerced into it. Had children taken away from them and told if you don't get sterilized then you wont get your kids back. Doctors told people that they needed their appendix out, and after the surgery they couldn't have kids.

Why was MLK killed?

To protect and uphold white supremacy. Racism

Describe the difference between the Northern and southern colonies.

Tremendous difference in land that is being covered. The south is bigger and more powerful. Also more individualistic from the beginning. South is individualistic and business focused. North is religious and family focused

What was the outcome of the Scopes Monkey Trial?

Trial ends with conviction for Scopes - he was found guilty. Seen as a personal victory for clarance darrow because of the large ideas he presented as well as the role he played in WJB's death (since he was an old man in a hot courtroom - died after days of debating) Put the town on the map. Allowed the newspapers to sell papers. Allowed the people to get their voices heard and have a public discussion of these ideas while at the same time smearing the ideas so cant quite tell what each side was saying.

Describe the formation of East and West Germany and East and West Berlin.

US and britian come from west, Russia comes from east. Russia arrives first to germany. Split germany down the middle. West Germany - capiitlist democracy. East Germany - communist dictatorship. Capital of both countries is berlin. Berlin is fully in East Germany. Split berlin in half. (west and east berlin).

Describe the corruption in Unions.

Unions become extremely corrupted. Elect their own leadership. Have a lot of success but some of them become quite corrupted because they give you a lot of control. Lot of power at top levels of those unions.

Describe the Governor of Alabama, George Wallace, standing in the schoolhouse doorway

University of alabama as a public school had to be desegregated/integrated because of brown v board of education. Symbolically wanted to protest integration of the alabama university. and show how much he didn't like it. Almost 10 years later and they finally start to accept a few african americans. During the 1960s repeatedly schools had to be integrated with use of the national guard.

At what rate did unmarried woman recover from the Great Depression compared to the general population.

Unmarried women recovered from the great depression overall at a slower rate than the general population.

Describe the battle of Little Bighorn/custer's last stand and its impact on the American public

Us forces (7th calvalry) led by George custer defeated by Lakota and cheyanne indigenous people led by sitting bull. How to explain loss to white public? Manifest and white supremacy .. Narrative is white americnas win. George custer glows as they sneak up on him. All the paintings werelike no organization in part of native people. Trying to say not even a real battle, out of control on the prarie. made americans even more bloodthirsty

Who founded SCUM?

Valerie solanas

Describe the Literacy Test.

Very poorly informed voters (blacks) because they lived in a cash free society so didn't understand money and didn't understand government. Put in place the literacy test. (how many bubbles are in a four oz bar of soap) also would take excepts from king james bible and say translate it into modern day english. No one is going to get those questions perfectly right. The person who was administering the test was looking at you and would decide if they think you passed.

Describe the Vietnamese self immolation

Vietnamese monk (Buddhist monk who wanted to protest against the leader of south Vietnam - who the US was supporting but who had oppressed monks and others) Self-imolation is lighting themselves on fire World is not stable, something is wrong. Televeision has been able to document it in a way they havent been able to document it previously.

Where did nat turner's rebellion occur?

Virginia

What were two groups that were dedicated to temperance?

WCTU (Women's christian temperance union) Anti-Saloon League

Describe WEB Dubois.

WEB Dubois and jane addams cofounded the NAACP. He was one of the most important civil rights activisits period.

Describe how WW1 began.

WW1 Begins. Assassination of Franz Ferdinand by Serbian nationals. July (month long period between assassination and when Austria hungry declared war on Serbia) crisis (WW1 busts out) America always has an eye out, especially now that they are a power.

When did middle class women go to work for the first time in America?

WW1. Poor women women of color and immigrant women have worked in america since day one

What was a famous term associated with SCUM?

Walking abortions

Describe the way to dismiss a suffragist: Glory Hounds

Want to be famous. Just trying to get all the attention

Describe President Warren G. Harding and Prohibition in the White House.

Warren G. Harding (wife was called the Duchess) was put in power with the oil companies. He ran a full blown speakesy two blocks from the white house and he would get drunk with the top levels of the US government. Crimes that people are going to jail for are being openly participated in by the top level of society.

Describe the decision of Gideon v. Wainwright.

We have always had the right to an attorney but if you cannot afford one then too bad. Gideon v. wainwright said that poor people are being denied their constitutional rights "if you cannot afford one, one will be appointed to you" the government pays the paycheck so skewed but better than nothing.

How should we view progressivism (large v. small terms)?

We should view progressivism in the broadest terms possible.

What really ended Jim Crow?

What ended Jim crow was television. To be able to turn a camera on what was really happening broke the whole narrative down.

Describe JFK's civil rights address

When he says they and us. It is clear that when talks to americans he is envisioning white people. Talks to white people and says we should treat them as any of us would want to be treated.

How would someone win the Cold War?

When it is about popularity and propaganda you don't have to do something good to win, the other person can just do something bad (that's good for you)

What was a monopoly?

When one person or company controlled an entire industry. Ex: William Randolph Hearst and Newspapers

Describe the puritans geographical setting in New England.

When you are in that state you are cut off from the rest of the world, you are living in the woods, there are no ways to see what is happening everywhere else. When we get frightened our minds disconnect from reason When thing happen bad for no reason we grasp for reasons why did it happen to me and why did it happen now - easy to grab onto someone did this to me. Outside protective realm of god.

In the Jim Crow Era, describe the sexual pairings that were okay in society (white men, black men, white women, black women)

White men can go with black and white women Black men can only go with black women, can't go with white women. Any contact at all between black man and white women was rape.

Who has the shortest presidency? why?

William Henry Harrison (30 days) - oldest person to run for president at this point.

Who was the president during the Spanish American war?

William McKinley

Who was William Jennings Brian and what was his role in the scopes monkey trial?

William jennings brian - ran for president 3 times, had nothing to do with the trial except that there is a microphone there and he wants to defend the church Acts as prosecutor and lead witness for the defense. Really a stage for both of them (William Jennings Brian and Clarence Darrow) to perform/debate over new/old ideas over religious and science.

Describe Josiah Winslow's attempt to suppress the Indians (metacom and the wampanoag).

Winslow starts exerting power; metacom resists. Writes treaties like indians can't own guns. If you give a mouse a cookie situation... Metacom signed a few of them but then the puritans were not satisfied. They wanted more and more and more.

Why did the second wave of feminism kick off?

With the publication of the feminine mystique by Betty Friedan

What happens if there is no 14th amendment (stripping of citizenship)?

Without the 14th amendment people lose their basic human rights. No countries laws protect you. What happens to people in America who have no legal protection from any country? (convict lease system). Stripping citizenship is one of the most dangerous things that can be done.

what does WARN stand for?

Woman of all red nations

In the Salem witch trials, which gender made up the majority of the accused

Women

Was the Anti-Saloon League to the Women's christian temperance union more powerful?

Women's Christian Temperance Union

What is the 19th amendment?

Women's suffrage - only white women. Native and colored women don't have the right to vote and neither do native men. One of the reasons white women could vote was that they promised that they would not get black owmen to vote

Who was president during WW1?

Woodrow Wilson

Who was Helen Hunt Jackson?

Wrote a book about native americans. started sympathy for them (A Century of Dishonor) Muckracker

When are the two times that the Cold War could have began?

Ww2 ended on a Tuesday cold war began on a wendsday. Some people think that it started immedietly 1945 Others think that it started in 1948

What played a big role in getting the 18th amendment passed in 1919?

Xenophobia - do you like German beer?

Was Josiah Winslow supported by other Native American tribes in King Philips war? Why?

Yes Winslow supported by other native tribes because they think that wampanoag got too powerful.

Did the government enforce prohibition violently?

Yes, incident with Wayne Wheeler. The government actually killed people in an enforcement of their prohibition. Not to mention huge spike in deaths of people at the hands of cops and fbi agents because they were drinking. Huge spike in deadly violence coming from the government.

significance Escobedo v. Illinois

You have the right to an attorney when being questioned by the police

Describe the robber Barron tactic No benefits or protections for workers

You stop getting paid the minunte your arm gets ripped off. Seeing workers as machines.

Describe the way to dismiss a suffragist: accuse suffragists of having the NIMBY syndrome

Your out there fighting but in your own life you don't apply it. All for that but not in my life. Women pretend like your really socially active you think that women's rights should be all equal but then you go home and be subservice to your husband, boss, etc. Hypocrite basically, not living out mantra of modern women in your own life.

Did radical feminists tend to be for, or against capitalism?

against

When is the start of the second wave of feminism?

betty freidian, femine mystique. Betty writes book that people are trapped in their homes and they don't have friends, they need something.

What is womanism?

black feminism with spirituality offshoot of black feminism

Describe the bombing of the 16th street baptist church.

bombed and four little girls are killed. The next day there are riots and an additional 2 people were killed. The fact that the church was bombed in the age of television meant that it was covered but not the first time churches had been bombed. Civil rights made the media care and so it got a ton of attention.

Describe the assassination of the ridges.

cherokee said that you have committed treason against us because they coorperated with the US. Cherokee people killed cherokee elite for participating with the US. Assasination took place in arkansaw.

How is consumption/tuburculiousis spread?

coughing

When did the worldwide Flu epidemic occur?

during the last 10 months of the war.

What is the 14th amendment?

ensured citizenship for African Americans

Describe the arrest of Emma Goldman under the espionage and sedition acts.

founded no conscription league. She was sentenced to 2 years in prison and a 10,000 fine and then was deported to Russia.

What is the 15th amendment?

gave African American men the right to vote

Describe the Grandfather clause.

if your granddad was eligible to vote, you are eligible. If your grandfather was not elliglbe to vote, you are not ellibible to vote. Forever (no black person willl ever have the right to vote is what the grandfather clause does) Even if you were a white person and you failed the first two, you could pass the third. Some black people had two white grandfathers. If that person could get a signed affidavit from their white grandfather admitting he had sex with a black person and this was his biological relation then he could vote. Never happened

What is the 16th amendment?

income tax

Who was Eugene V. Debs?

leader of IWW (international workers of the world) which was the most radical labor union ever. Wanted one union for the whole world. IWW = members also called wobblies

What do you think jook joints, speakeasies and bootleggers tell us about th elevel of respect fo th law that people had in the 1920's

no respect for the law

How many women were involved with SCUM?

one

Define the Term Bootlegger.

people who illegally made and sold alcohol during prohibition (hid alcohol in the leg of their boots)

Who was Bull Connor? Describe his outlook towards African Americans

police chief in Birmingham Alabama. He didn't believe that slavery should have ever ended, drove around in a tank and patrolled the black part of town, he believed tha african americans should not be citizens. Had the tank made with the tax money.

Describe race and gender in jook joints.

primarily african american people) men and women in juke joints

What was the 21st amendment?

repealed the 18th amendment (Prohibition)

describe the doves reaction to the Zimmerman note.

say that we can beat mexico again. Before that Texas alone beat mexico. How did we get california? No reason to enter into biggest war of all time because we are frightened of mexico. We can just beat mexico, don't have to beat germany.

Describe the hawks reaction to the Zimmerman note.

saying fight germany! Decalring war on us but using another country to do it

Describe the Indian removal act.

says indians have to get out (mostly of Georgia).

Describe the new deal in broad terms.

term for whole government program to deal with the great depression. How are we going to get out of this? Doing all kinds of different things, but hit and miss. Some of the programs literally counteracted each other and some of them were a little bit poisonous, which is why the supreme court stepped in.

Describe the term doughboys.

term originally used in the Mexican-American War (1848) but more strongly associated with World War I, refers to members of the US military, especially (but not exclusively) the AEF

When was the first time assassination was used as a term?

the death of John Lennon

Who was Medgar Evers?

the head of the NAACP - national assocition for the advancement of colored people. Jane Adams was a founding member

What is concurrent enforcement?

the local police department does not have the ability to enforce federal laws. Different jurisdictions that different forms of polce have. Not with prohibition. Every person within law enfrocement was empowered to arrest people under prohibition.

Who was Tituba

the slave of Reverend Parris Native American from Barbados

What were the consequences for violating the espionage and sedition acts.

up to 20 years or a 10,000 fine.

In the early Jim Crow Era, where was racism most intense?

used to be intense in texas, lousiana, arkansaw

Describe the daily changes that occurred during WW1 daylight savings

wanted people to conserve energy

In the salem witch trials, which gender made up the majority of the accusers

women

When were the mine wars?

ww1 happens in the middle of it bc went from 1913 - 1921

Describe how increased racial tension led to race riots in 1918 Chicago.

○ 17 year old black kid went swimming in one of the great lakes and there was a dividing line. Not a physical marker just had to know where it was. He drifted (because of the current) onto the wrong side of the lake. White swimmers grabbed rocks and pelted the kid until he drowned to death. ○ Retalitations upon retaliations happen until 10,000 people riot in chicago. (Chicago Riot) around same time lots of other riots. Part of a larger wave of race riots. ○ Riot was a result of no arrests being made. When they tried to protest, police aggressivley responded to those protests. Rioting is result of people not having any other options. Only do that when they have tried everything else. Police brutality turned it into a riot.

Describe the flapper image in the 1920s.

○ Flapper image, party girl. Doing that because she doesn't have anything else. Doing that because if she stops and thinks and is alone with her thoughts then they would go crazy. Don't want to be alone with their own thoughts. ○ Tried to have straight lines and short hair (sexualized). Trying to look androgynous because moms had been super feminine

Describe Andrew Carnegie's role with philanthropy and the convict lease system.

○ He participated in philanthropy. Sparking young minds - building libraries and schools ○ Super brutal. Number one customer of the convict lease system. Money that was builidng those libraries was being made by people's sweat and blood in the convict lease system

Describe the negative point for African Americans in the new deal: locked out of some work programs

○ If you weren't working for the government chances for you weren't working. People had no work to do so had government works. Men needed work. ○ By locking them out, locking them out from economic recovery

Describe the negative point for Mexican Americans in the new deal: locked out of housing programs

○ Locked out of housing programs if "without a permanent adress." ○ Code because a lot of farm workers were mexican americans. If they had a permanent address, would they need help paying their mortgage? No! ○ Specifically written out of the law. Exploited on their weakest point. Everyone working in government knew what it meant. (like poll tax with african americans)

Describe the negative point for Mexican Americans in the new deal: Mass deportation

○ Mexican americans, Not immigrants. People born in America. ○ You are stealing jobs of real Americans. ○ Tens of thousands of american citizesn were deported form the nation and then if they owned things then the government gets it. Many of them didn't even speak spanish. ○ The more successful they were the mores successful they were to be targeted by the government.

Describe the robber Barron tactic Long hours no pay

○ People working 15, 18 hour days. Without overtime and then being required to come back to work 4 hours after they got off. ○ Extremely low pay depending on if you are an african american, a woman, a person of color. Different minimum low wage for women

What is the difference between puritans and pilgrims?

○ Pilgrims were seperatists. Wanted a toatl break with church of england and churches of europe ○ Puritians wanted to purify

Global Significance of the Spanish American War: Describe the shift in power from Spain to America after the Spanish American war.

- A time when the spanish empire was very high and america was low. (america had been rising up after civil war and spain had been coming down) The four months of the spanish american war the posistions switched 1898. - First time that america reaches out and gets global. Not just to the pacific but in the pacific and across the pacific.

Describe the Build Up to America's Imperialism.

- Addition of Territory 1) Louisiana Purchase 2) 1840s Mexican American War 3) Texas Revolution and the Annexing of Texas - The idea of early Manifest Destiny. Wanted to get to the Pacific Ocean. With Imperialism, wanted to go beyond.

Describe the 13th amendment's function in the south.

- As long as they are not calling them slaves, they are not breaking the thirteenth amendment. - 13th amendment was not written into actual law. Never put a punishment with it. - When they tried 1 time in the entire jim crow period to arrest soeone on the 13th amendment, they couldn't pin him down because not actually written into law.

What territory did America gain in the Mexican American War?

- California - Arizona - New Mexico - Texas EDIT!!!!

Describe the significance of "remember the Maine, to hell with Spain"

- Elementary girls doing a war chant for hopscotch. Before war American playgrounds were filled with war chants. - CANT overstate the impact that this (the media) has on the American people and psyche and what's going on.

Did Farmers moving to cities in gilded ages know the truth about America?

- Essentially being driven off of their land by the industrial railroads - Knew america was not a perfect place

Describe the Delome Letter and its effect on WRH's effort to incite war.

- In it, Spain criticized America and Pres. Mckinley. - Spain asked their ambassador whether or not America was gearing up to attack them Ambassador wrote back saying no, they are just a bunch of yapping dogs. Dumb, scared to fight, etc. - Gets leaked and William Randolph Hearst publishes it. - No easier way to goad an american into a fight that they are scared to fight.

Describe the Tenement Buildings of the gilded age. (general)

- Low cost, low quality apartment buildings. - stairs were on the side of the buildings. - 24 apartments on a floor. - average occupancy of 9-11 people in an apartment. - 1 toilet on each floor. One pipe connecting all toilets

What were the laws monitoring food quanity (which were passed in 1906)?

- Meat inspection act of 1906 - Food and Drug act of 1906: sets up the FDA

where did black southerns moving to cities in the gilded age move mostly? Did they know the truth about America?

- Moved especially to Chicago but to other major cities as well. - They dealt with the brutality of segregation. They knew America was not a perfect place.

Describe the Philippine Insurrection.

- One of the most brutal chapters in American History - Theodore Roosevelt said The people of the philipines are learning what it means to be black people. He is talking about extreme levels of brutality - Started waterboarding people for the first time. Force people to drink a gallon of water and then kicking them in the stomach (stomach explodes). Lots of terrible other brutalities. - Americans did this to philipinos and phillipios did it back.

What happened in 1890 (starting year for Imperialism in America)?

- The last armed conflict between the US military and any native group. Battle of Wounded Knee. - From the American perspective, after this all the Indians are conquered

Who had a monopoly over the media in 1898?

- William Randolph Hearst

Describe the Turner Thesis:

- Written by Frederick Jackson Turner - Basically stated there used to be a wild west and a frontier and always some new adventure but now we have won - no native people left to fight. - Stated the FRONTIER IS CLOSED (most important part of turner thesis) nothing else to explore/be adventurous with.

Describe WRH's role in the Spanish American War.

- essentially poked and prodded the American people into calling for war. - He started whispering into itchy years to start the war. - He sent a publisher to Cuba to take pictures and reportedly said "You furnish the pictures, I'll furnish the war"

Describe the connotations of the word Gilded. Describe the connotation of the title Gilded Age

- gold plated or shiny on the outside. Covering up some sort of problem with the gold plating. Something cheaper is on the inside. - Sending message out to the world, america is beautiful and shiny and only good things happen here. All you have to do is be in america to be amazing. On the inside it is rotten and putrid and falling apart. Rather than dealing with that, just keep shining up the outside of it. Just getting worse and worse on the inside.

Describe what other things (lessons, etc.) Jane Addams did besides Hull House.

- offered showers at hull house - baby-sitters - English lessons. - Cooking lessons, domestic violence counseling and parenting classes.

Describe the convict Lease System's original purpose.

- set up as a moneymaking system. Lease = renting. - Renting out convicts. Costs are much cheaper to rent than to buy because then you don't have to clothe/feed them/do upkeep with them.

Who were the three types of people moving into cities during the gilded age?

1) Black Southerners 2) Farmers 3) Immigrants

What territories did America Acquire from the Spanish American War?

1) Cuba - held them as a protectorate. 2) Puerto Rico 3) Guam 4) Phillipines - Had been fighting against the Spanish, America comes in and says you are not free you are part of American Empire.

What are the three ways to build an empire by taking over or influencing other territories? (Imperialism)

1) Economically 2) Culturally 3) Militarily

Who were the four assassinated presidents in US history?

1) Lincon 2) Garfield 3) McKinley 4) Kennedy

What were Theodore Roosevelt's two famous quotes about war.

1) Might Makes Right 2) Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick

Describe the problems associated with the tenement buildings of the gilded age.

1) Smell was horrible. 2) No air conditioners, and no heaters. People would leave doors open to get air flow so very easy to steal something. 3) Disease: Also terrible opportunities for disease, particularly tuburculosis, which happens when people are piled on top of each other. 4) Vermin: Rats also come in and can't aboid them even if entire aparment building is clean. Apartment buildings are within arms reach of each other. Roaches. 5) Fire Hazard - made of wood. 6) Crime, alcoholism, runs rampant. Domestic violence because of close quarters. 7) Political Violence. IF one person in your building voted the wrong way then the city (the person who won) would punish you by withholding services. Fire trucks, poliece, trash trucks wouldn't respond for next four years to your building.

What are the three ways that the south tried to get around the 13th amendment?

1) convict lease system 2) Sharecropping (Tennant farming) 2) Debt Peonage

When was the Reconstruction Era?

1865-1877

When was the Gilded Age?

1877-1900

When was the Jim Crow era?

1877-1968

When was the Turner Thesis?

1893

When was the Progressive Era?

1900-1920

When were the first laws monitoring food quality established? Why were these laws established?

1906. The upper class mostly couldn't care less about the poor people. However, the food is being eaten by high up people, like the president.

When did America first experience urbanization

1920s

What was the average life expectancy of a person in the convict lease system?

2 years.

How many crew members were killed on the explosion of the USS Maine

260 crew members.

How long did the Spanish American war last?

4 months

Does Urbanization refer to the north or the south?

Almost exclusively refers to the northern experience (northern cities). Urbanization is not happening as much in the south.

Describe the significance of the USS Maine exploding in Havanna Harbor.

Already in Cuba, clearly US is building up to war with Spain.

Describe Theodore Roosevelt's attitude towards war.

America's mascot for imperialism. LOVES WAR!!!

Where was the main place that Americans obtained African slaves?

Angola (like the prison). Not trying to hide anything from the federal government.

Where did the money paid to rent the convicts go? (convict lease system)

Another way that money is made is the money that is paid is paid to the sheriff, the deputy, etc. Anyone who was involved in the process gets a bonus on top of their salary. They. Were benefiting from slavery in a way that the sheriff's department never had.

What compels people to watch the news? How did this effect William Randolph Hearst's role in the Spanish American War?

Anything that has to do with tragedy or death - He thought he could sell more newspapers, and make more $, if there was a war. - William randolph hearsts motivations for this was not to expose terrible stuff in cuba but to sell more newspapers. With that monopoly came lots of power

Describe the premise of debt peonage.

As they are building the railroads west there is no food/shelter/water and so you have to pay the company for that. The second you get there you owe them money and you can never get out of debt. The part of the contract that says you are not allowed to leave if you owe them money, the second you get there you owe them money.

Describe what really happened with the USS Maine versus what happened.

Came out later that on the ship they were storing gun power improperly. So ship exploded by accident but Hearst sensationalized it by blaming Spain.

Describe Jane Addams Trash Czar of Chicago.

Chicago started punishing tenements. She rented two horses, hitched a wagon, got down from horses, picked up trash, put in on wagon (by hand), rode it out to town dump, took it out put it into the dump and repeated the whole process. Declared herself trash tzar of city of chicago. Embarresing for people who were in charge of it.

Describe Theodore Roosevelt's role in the Spanish American War. What role in government was he at the time?

Fought in Spanish American war. Was Secretary of the navy and went down so that he could fight in the war. Led a group called the rough riders.

What did WRH do with the truth of Cuba (that they were being brutalized, etc.)?

He sensationalized the story, instead of staying the truth.

Describe muckrakers.

Muckrakers were journalists, authors, photographers, etc. who wanted to expose the truth opposite of yellow journalism

Did Jane Addams believe if you were an immigrant you should live by your culture?

No - she believed in the idea of the American way.

Were the American cities capable of handling the flux of immigrants during the gilded age? What was the cities response?

No. Start throwing up all these apartment buildings. Building up. Called Tenements.

Was America the first country to start building an empire?

No. (Europeans)

What was the effect of the Turner Thesis on the American public?

Once the turner thesis says that the frontier is closed the Americans are like, we are trapped! They have anxiety from a Lack of control. Within five years 1898 (Spanish American war) we busted out of America and exploded into the world.

Describe Jane Addams and 15 year old girl giving birth.

One time someone came to the hall house and was like a 15 year old is giving birth. Jane addams didn't have any special skills but brought some clean things and helped. Both of them survived and probably wouldn't have if she hadnt been willing to help. *Small changes really add up. Sometimes we get caught up in the big things but don't have to change everything to change anything. Sometimes we get too big and it paralyzes us.

Describe the living conditions in work camps (debt peonage).

Overcrowding in work camps made tenements look good. Just piling people on top of each other. People are eating rats (they are so desperate for food) Even the pet of the oppressor is living better than anyone in the oppressed class.

Describe the sheriff's role in the convict lease system.

People would come through a town, pick out the people who they wanted to work for them, and tell the sheriff. The sheriff would arrest them, and then the person would come through and rent them. Under crime they left it blank, or wrote none. Don't even bother listing a crime because no one is challenging them about it.

Describe Police corruption in the gilded Age.

Police corruption cannot be overstated. Not even full government poliece departments yet. Somebody payed them so they worked for the person who paid them. Police departments in the north developed to support the people who were doing the shining.

What type of slavery were many women put into in the convict lease system?

Sexual Slavery.

What did TR mean when he said might makes right?

Some people wondered if Imperialism was the right thing. TR said who is going to stop us? If we are strong enough then we get to decide what is right. Put an end to pretty much all moral arguments against imperialism

Who would often be chosen to be arrested in the convict lease system?

The core of a strong intact black family would often be chosen to be arrested. The family works as a spring board for success, a strong family can spring board you for success. That is why in slavery, they targeted the black family extremely. Forming strong intact families that is going to be the next generation fo strong black successful people so pluck out who they see as most important member of successful family.

Describe how the owner of the land ensured the tenants could never leave (sharecropping).

The landowner was usually friends with the person who bought the crop so he would set the price. He would tell the person to buy it at much less of the value and thus the tenant farmer went into debt. The tenant farmer was unable to leave the farm without written permission from the landowner. Sharecropping is not just about what percentage of the profit do you share, but is a real system of oppression that the entire white supremacist community was invested in making sure that it never got out of whack.

What was one of the major problems with the rates of homelessness and awful living conditions? Gilded Age.

The rates of homelessness in gilded age cities were through the roof. Overcrowding meant some people got pushed out. People who did have a place, complaints were not addressed. You don't like ten cents an hour, got a line of people who would work for 5 cents.

Describe the Media coverage the Phillipine Insurrection received. How did this effect America's perspective looking at going into WW1?

This gets almost no media coverage. This is not on the american peoples minds as they think about going to ww1.

Describe Jane Addams creation of Hull House.

Tried to work with government and university of chicago but they just didn't care. She and a few women started a settlement house, an early homeless shelter/battered women shelter/soup line. The one that Jane Addams ran was called Hall House. Could go there and sleep in a bed by yourself with clean sheets. Couldn't stay there forever but a couple of nights.

When was the convict lease system abolished?

WW2, and even then it turned into mass incarceration.

How did Hearst's characterization of the Spanish American war as a "splendid little war" affect the US upon consideration of entering WW1?

When america asks themselves whether or not they should get involved in WW1 their last memory was splendid so it feeds right into it. Spanish american war had put a gloss over war, made it seem easy and natural (there was no natural pullback) Part of the gloss was the things that we got/acquired from the war.

Did the 13 amendment cover the entire United States?

YEs. At the end of the civil war the federal government said that if you live in the Us you have to follow our rules.

Were states making money from the convict lease system?

Yes, both by payments and in manual labor.

What is the definition of Imperialism?

building an empire by taking over or influencing other territories either 1) Economically 2) Culturally 3) Militarily *Does not have to be just coming in and taking over.

Describe the book the Jungle.

describes a chicago meatpacking plant and all of its horrors. originally was a book about immigrants working in the factories. However, white men wanted to focus more on the meat.

Did Immigrants moving to cities in gilded ages know the truth about America?

no, Immigrants were especially vulnerable to seeing America as the perfect place (especially because of the propaganda)

Did Jane Addams try to set you up for a few days or the rest of your life?

the rest of your life.