APUSH Final Exam #1
e a pre-first
"Dollar diplomacy" refers to a.) United States aid to European nations immediately following the Second World War b.) United States financial support for the Russian ruble following the collapse of the Soviet Union c.) the post-Second World War trading system by means of which the United States controlled the world price of crude oil d.) the post-Second World War international monetary system in which the dollar served as the benchmark e.) a pre-First World War practice of coupling foreign policy with the interests of United States corporations
d Martin Luther
"I submit that an individual Who breaks a law that conscience tells him is unjust, and who willingly accepts the penalty of imprisonment in order to rouse the conscience of the community over its injustices, is in reality expressing the very highest respect for the law." The quotation above is from (A) Booker T. Washington (B) Marcus Garvey (C) Langston Hughes (D) Martín Luther King, J r. (E) Stoker Carmichael
e Booker T. Washington
"In all things that are purely social we can be as separate as the fingers, yet one as the hand in all things essential to mutual progress." The statement above expressed the ideas of a.) Sojourner Truth b.) W.E.B. Du Bois c.) Ida B. Wells d.) Theodore Roosevelt e.) Booker T. Washington
b an african
"One by one the southern states have legally disfranchised the Afro-American, and since the repeal of the Civil Rights Bill nearly every southern state has passed separate [railroad] car laws with a penalty against their infringement. The race, regardless of advancement, is penned into filthy, stifling partitions cut off from smoking cars." The author of the statement above was a.) a Scalawag in the 1870s b.) an African American journalist in the 1890s c.) a White segregationist in the 1910s d.) a White southern Democrat in the 1930s e.) an African American Civil Rights worker in the 1970s
d The Great Awakening
"The God that holds you over the pit of hell, much as one holds a spider, or some loathsome insect over the fire, abjors you, and is dreadfully provoked; his wrath towards you burns like fire; he looks upon yoj as worthy of nothing else, but to be cast into the fire;...and yet it is nothing but his hand that holds you from falling into the fire every moment." The quotation above contains ideas typical of a.) the Enlightenment b.) the Anti-Federalists c.) Quakerism d.) The Great Awakening e.) antinomianism
c convince the
"To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other power vested by this Constitution." Alexander Hamilton used the clause above to a.) support his argument for a strong central government in the Federalist papers b.) justify revising the Articles of Confederation c.) convince the federal government to create the First Bank of the United States d.) substantiate his strict interpretation of the Constitution e.) lobby Congress for a protective tariff to promote United States industry
b imposition of
A major consequence of the French and Indian War of 1754-1763 was the (A) legal settlement of the trans-Appalachian frontier by British colonists (B) imposition of new taxes on the British North American colonies (C) shrinking of Spanish territorial claims in North America (D) removal of British troops from the thirteen colonies (E) change in status of the proprietary Colonies to royal colonies
b Jane Addams
A prominent leader in promoting the settlement house movement was a.) Alice Paul b.) Jane Addams c.) Carry Nation d.) Margaret Sanger e.) Aimee Semple McPherson
e the continuing
All of the following were important to Richard M. Nixon's victory in the 1968 presidential election EXCEPT a.) strong support from labor unions b.) backlash from White conservatives c.) voter reaction to the 1968 Democratic convention d.) his promise to restore law and order e.) the continuing Vietnam War
c vertical integration
At the end of the nineteenth century, the desire of American business to control supplies of raw materials led to a.) automation of industry b.) horizontal integration c.) vertical integration d.) development of the factory system e.) development of the putting-out system
d there were
At the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861, pro-Union sentiment was strong in western Virginia, eastern Tennessee, and western North Carolina primarily because a.) Confederate troops had committed atrocities to terrorize state representatives from these regions into voting for secession b.) these regions had more trade with the North than did other regions in the South c.) these regions were more industrialized than other regions of the South d.) there were relatively few slaves or large plantations in these regions e.) Lincoln had promised not to send federal troops into these regions
c Horses
Before 1800, which of the following European imports had the greatest impact on the lives of the Plains Indians? (A) Steel plow (B) Cattle (C) Horses (D) Christianity (E) Money
b guarantee that
By passing the Navigation Acts in the 1600s and 1700s, the British government intended to a.) reduce shipping costs between Britain and its North American colonies b.) guarantee that the British government would have a financial share of all colonial exports c.) create a source of income for British royal governrs to use for improving colonial roads and canals d.) stimulate direct trade between British North American colonies and Spain and France e.) end colonial complaints about unjust taxation and regulation
b France
Colonists from which of the following European nations generally had the most cooperative relations with American Indians? a.) England b.) France c.) Portugal d.) Spain e.) The Netherlands
a demand economic
Coxey's Army of 1894 and the Bonus Army of 1932 both marched on Washington, D.C. to a.) demand economic relief b.) show support for the Republican Party c.) promote the cause of African American civil rights d.) support laws prohibiting the sale of alcohol e.) participate in evangelical revivals
a public fear
During the 1920s, both the Sacco and Vanzetti case and the rise of the new Ku Klux Klan reflected (A) public fear and resentment of southern and eastern European immigrants (B) increased racism resulting from the migration of Black southerners to urban centers in the North (C) growing lawlessness resulting from the passage of the Eighteenth Amendment (Prohibition) (D) the decreased influence of fundamentalist religious groups (E) Widespread opposition to Congress' decision to join the League of Nations
a black americans
During the 19305 Black Voters overwhelmingly switched from the Republican Party to the Democratic Party because (A) Black Americans benefited from Some New Deal economic policies (B) the Ku Klux Klan was gaining power within the Republican Party (C) President Roosevelt actively pursued race reform (D) southern Democrats widely favored abolishing the poll tax (E) the Democrats promised to end Prohibition
e the abolition
In 1860 Abraham Lincoln was elected president on a Republican platform that advocated all of the following EXCEPT (A) higher protective tariffs (B) government Subsidies for a transcontinental railroad (C) free Western land for settlers who would live and work on it (D) the exclusion of slavery from United States territorial possessions (E) the abolition of slavery throughout the United States
e arrested persons
In Miranda v. Arizona (1966), the Supreme Court ruled that a.) women had a constitutional right to abortion b.) school segregation was unconstitutional c.) voting districts had to contain the same number of people d.) school prayer was illegal under the First Amendment e.) arrested persons must be informed of their rights
d experienced a
In The Feminine Mystique, Betty Friedan argued that women a.) who spent their lives as mothers and homemakers were generally satisfied with their lives b.) needed counseling if they were dissatisfied with their domestic lives c.) should battle for ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment d.) experienced a discrepancy between the reality and the public image of their lives e.) have special talents and abilities different from those of men
b The introduction
In the seventeenth century, the earliest British colonies in Virginia were saved from economic ruin by a.) The introduction of price controls on agricultural commodities b.) The introduction of tobacco cultivation c.) Formal trade treaties with American Indians d.) The extension of the western frontiers e.) Increased reliance on indentured servitude
e the federal
Late nineteenth century federal policies were detrimental to unskilled workers in all of the following ways EXCEPT: a.) immigration policy allowed cheap labor to compete for available jobs b.) deflationary monetary policy made repayment of debts difficult c.) court injunctions favored employers during strikes d.) federal troops intervened to end strikes e.) the federal income tax took a considerable portion of workers' income
c they believed
Many Americans were suspicious of the Second Bank of the United States for which of the following reasons? a.) They believed that it was controlled by leaders of the Whig Party b.) They believed that it was controlled by southern plantation owners c.) They believed that it was controlled by a commercial elite d.) It refused to make any loans for business expansion e.) It refused to exchange bank notes for gold
c a model
New England Puritans sought primarily to create which of the following in Massachusetts? (A) A missionary community focused on converting American Indians to Christianity (B) Town meetings at which all adult males could vote (C) A model community promoting government by Strict religious principles (D) A society founded on the principles of religious toleration (E) A community whose members achieved salvation through good works
b Puritan magistrates
Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson challenged the authority of which of the following? a.) Anglican clergy b.) Puritan magistrates and ministers c.) Catholic priests and bishops d.) Baptist ministers e.) Methodist itinerants
c allow people
The 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act instituted popular Sovereignty to (A) prohibit slavery above Missouri's southern border (B) assure that Congress had a constitutional right to establish or abolish slavery in new territories (C) allow people living in a territory to determine whether slavery should be permitted there (D) admit Kansas as a slave state and Nebraska as a free state (E) allow towns to decide the issue of slavery on a case-by-case basis
d weaken
The Alien and Sedition Acts were designed to a.) protect the nation from British spies b.) prevent the British from fomenting unrest among American Indians c.) strengthen the Constitution d.) weaken and deflect Republican criticism of the Federalists e.) counter the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
d virtual representation
The American colonists' slogan "No taxation Without representation" was a rejection of (A) salutary neglect (B) nativism (C) mercantilism (D) virtual representation (E) classical republicanism
b A growing
The Civil Rights movement of the late 1960s was characterized by which of the following? a.) The establishment of the Back to Africa movement b.) A growing split between those who advocated nonviolence and those who favored more aggressive tactics to achieve civil rights c.) Widespread support by southern Whites who had initially resisted the movement d.) A sharp drop in participation and interest in voter registration drives and other equal-access efforts in the rural South e.) Strong support for the women's rights movement
d increased rights
The Declaration of Sentiments (1848), issued at Seneca Falls, New York, called for (A) an end to slavery (B) compulsory public education (C) temperan ce legislation (D) increased rights for women (E) improved factoly working conditions
d that suffrage
The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution established (A) the freedom of all slaves not emancipated under Abraham Lincoln's proclamation (B) federal protection for African Americans from Ku Klux Klan tenorism (C) the right of citizenship for any person born in the United States (D) that suffrage cannot be denied based on race, color, or previous servitude (E) the power of the federal government to intervene in state affairs to protect individual liberties
e distress over
The Ghost Dance was an American Indian religious movement associated with a.) the Pueblo Revolt b.) an American Indian victory at Little Bighorn c.) an infusion of Hispanic cultural traditions d.) the outbreak of King Philip's War e.) distress over loss of tribal autonomy
d a system
The Great Compromise of 1787 resulted in (A) a final settlement of the question of slavery (B) a renewal of the Articles of Confederation (C) the creation of a national bank (D) a system of political representation for the states in the federal government (E) a border agreement between the United States and Canada
a an increase
The People's Party (Populist) advocated which of the following? a.) an increase in the money supply b.) support for civil rights legislation c.) a decrease in agricultural production d.) joint ownership of businesses by urban laborers and farmers e.) public ownership of the means of production
c allowed women
The Quakers were unique among the religious groups that settled in North America during the seventeenth century because they a.) defended the rights of white people to hold American Indians in slavery b.) founded a colony in which all inhabitants were obliged by law to subscribe to Quaker beliefs c.) allowed women to speak publicly in their religious meetings and to be missionaries d.) emphasized religious conversion through revival meetings e.) emphasized the distance between the human and the divine
c the dominance
The Regulator movement of the 1770s, Shays' Rebellion in 1786, and the Whiskey Rebellion of the early 1790s were all expressions of the hostility of frontier settlers to a.) the spread of slavery b.) government recognition of American Indian land claims c.) the dominance of eastern interests in government d.) the influence of pro-British elements in government e.) efforts to limit suffrage
d the right
The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine justified which of the following? a.) Roosevelt's involvement in settling the Russo-Japanese War b.) The policy of using force to subdue the independence movement in the Philippines c.) The maintenance of the Open Door policy in China d.) The right to intervene in the domestic affairs of Latin American countries e.) The exclusion of Japanese and Chinese immigrants from the United States
a enter the
The Rosie the Riveter campaign during the Second World War encouraged women to a.) enter the labor force b.) vote in union elections c.) enlist in the armed forces d.) join machinists' unions e.) sew military uniforms
e it encouraged
The Second Great Awakening did which of the following? a.) It resulted in a sharp decline in church membership b.) It increased Protestant toleration for Catholics and Jews c.) It produced increased respect for civil authority d.) It emphasized reason and logic over emotionalism in religious matters e.) It encouraged conversion to evangelical Christianity
d led to
The Stonewall riots of 1969 were significant because they a.) marked the end of the African American Civil Rights movement b.) drew attention to the increasing gap between the incomes of people who were wealthy and people living in poverty c.) highlighted the efforts of Cesar Chavez to organize Mexican American farmworkers d.) led to the birth of gay rights organizations around the country e.) undermined the efforts of the National Organization for Women
e support of
The United States home front during the First World War was marked by an increase in all of the following EXCEPT (A) tax rates on individuals and estates (B) government regulation of fuel, food, and transportation (C) employment opportunities for African Americans and Mexican Americans (D) participation of Women in factory work, government service, and volunteer Work (E) support of individual liberties by the Supreme Court
d ended with
The Vietnam War differed from the Korean War in that the Vietnam War a.) involved the United States in an indirect confrontation with the Soviet Union b.) involved United States troops without a formal congressional declaration of war c.) generated criticism of the government's military policies d.) ended with the collapse of the government that the United States had supported e.) grew out of the policy of containment
b the draft
The belief by some Americans that the Civil War was "a rich man's war but a poor man's fight" was reflected in (A) Sherman's march to Atlanta (B) the draft riots in New York City (C) Lincoln's suspension of habeas corpus in the South (D) Thoreau's denunciation of the war (E) John Brown's raid on Hamers Feuy
b the constitutionality
The case of University of California Regents v Bakke concerned which of the following issues? a.) the ban on de jure segregation in California colleges b.) The constitutionality of policies made to correct racial injustice c.) Requirements for equal sports opportunities for women d.) Provisions for equal access to public buildings for the physically disabled e.) The expulsion of Japanese students from California universities
a Bacon's Rebellion
The dissatisfaction of Virginia farmers with the colonial governor who failed to protect them against American Indian raids led to (A) Bacon's Rebellion (B) the Glorious Revolution (C) Leisler's Rebellion (D) Shays' Rebellion (E) Gabriel's Rebellion
c an increased
The effects of de-industrialization in the 1970s included all of the following EXCEPT a.) the increasing importance of the service sector of the economy b.) plant shutdowns and closings, particularly in what came to be called the Rust Belt c.) an increased United States share of the world market in manufacturing d.) the erosion of tax bases in many communities, leading to cutbacks in health and welfare services e.) a decrease in real wages for United States workers in the manufacturing sector
e counterculture
The festival near Woodstock, New York, in 1969 is most closely associated with the a.) women's liberation movement b.) gay rights movement c.) environmental movement d.) Beat Generation e.) counterculture
a only a
The government under the Articles of Confederation consisted of a.) only a unicameral legislature b.) only executive and judicial branches c.) only legislative and judicial branches d.) legislative, judicial, and executive branches e.) only a bicameral legislature
e africa by
The main goal of the American Colonization Society was to promote colonization in a.) the American West by eastern American Indians b.) Mexico by White Americans c.) Cuba by White Americans d.) the Mexican Cession by White Americans e.) Africa by free Black persons and former slaves
e finance the
The main goal of the Marshall Plan was to (A) create a strong military alliance between the United States and Western Europe (B) strengthen the Chinese nationalists against the Chinese communists (C) speed the economic recovery and democratization of Japan (D) defend Greece and Turkey from Communist subversion (E) finance the economic reconstruction of Westem Europe
b draw the
The major goal of the Social Gospel movement in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was to a.) encourage support for Charles Darwin's theory of biological evolution b.) draw the attention of Protestant churches to the plight of the urban poor c.) send missionaries to convert American Indians to Protestantism d.) promote the spread of Protestantism in United States territorial possessions e.) stimulate public interest in the principles of Anglo-Saxon superiority
b reputation as
The most important factor in Andrew Jackson's successful bid for the presidency in 1828 was his a.) choice of John C. Calhoun as his running mate b.) reputation as a hero of the War of 1812 c.) commitment to broad-based social reform d.) reputation as an intellectual thinker and writer e.) extensive experience in elective office
b protective tariffs
The nullification crisis of 1832 arose over the issue of a.) Andrew Jackson's use of the veto b.) protective tariffs c.) the Second Bank of the United States d.) Jackson's American Indian removal policy e.) the Missouri Compromise
a limit on
The proclamation line of 1763 was designed to a.) limit western expansion of colonial settlement b.) establish a defensible boundary between the British and the French colonists along the Appalachian Mountains c.) divide western territories into future royal colonies d.) restrict British immigration to the North American colonies e.) create more taxable income for the royal government by selling western territories
a mobilize popular
The purpose of the Committee on Public Information, headed by George Creel, was to a.) mobilize popular support for the First World War b.) investigate unsafe factory conditions during the Progressive Era c.) prosecute unfair business practices during the Progressive Era d.) prosecute allegations of sedition during the First World War e.) educate the public about health and nutrition during the Progressive Era
b prevent communism
The purpose of the Truman Doctrine of 1947 was to a.) decrease the risk of nuclear war by placing atomic weapons under the control of the United Nations b.) prevent communism from spreading further through military aggression c.) retake Eastern Europe form the Soviet Union d.) prevent the spread of independence movements in European colonies in Asia and Africa e.) create an atmosphere of trust in which negotiation with the Soviet Union would have the best chance for success
c Claude McKay
The works of which of the following were integral to the Harlem Renaissance? (A) William Faulkner, Gertrude Stein, and F. Scott Fitzgerald (B) Jack Kerouac, Willem de Kooning, and Jackson Pollock (C) Claude McKay, Zora Neale Hurston, and Langston Hughes (D) Arthur Miller, Tennessee Williams, and Joyce Carol Oates (E) Ralph Ellison, Toni Morrison, and James Baldwin
d obligation to
Those who supported the War of 1812 advanced all of the following rationales for their positions EXCEPT the a.) desirability of annexing Canada b.) need to defend the honor of the United States c.) need to safeguard the frontier d.) obligation to protect Native Americans e.) advisability of acquiring Florida
d excessive taxation
Throughout the presidential election campaign of 1980, Ronald Reagan's view of the best economic policy to pursue was based on his belief that a.) businesses were overproducing consumer goods b.) there was insufficient government spending to stimulate economic growth c.) international trade was the most important source of growth for the United States economy d.) excessive taxation left citizens with less money to save and invest e.) foreign countries were flooding markets with cheap goods and services
b Watergate
Upon becoming president, Gerald Ford announced, "Our long national nightmare is over." He was referring to a.) a serious economic downturn b.) Watergate c.) the collapse of the United States-backed government of South Vietnam d.) a series of urban riots e.) a costly oil embargo
c it established
Which of the following best characterizes the National Origins Act of 1924? (A) It allowed Chinese immigrants entry into the United States after 1930. (B) It allowed increased levels of immigration from southern and eastern Europe. (C) It established immigration quotas based on a percentage of each nationality residing in the United States in 1890. (D) It established procedures for the immigration of alien spouses of United States citizens after 1935. (E) It set restrictions on the importation of certain goods.
b Wealthy individuals
Which of the following best describes the main idea of Andrew Carnegie's Gospel of Wealth? a.) Privately held wealth should be handed over to the government to be redistributed b.) Wealthy individuals should use their wealth for social betterment c.) Parents have an obligation to pass on their wealth to their children d.) Using wealth to help others is wrong, since it undermines their self-reliance e.) Accumulating large amounts of wealth violates Christian principles
b The Pueblo Revolt
Which of the following conflicts resulted in the successful expulsion of Europeans from the upper Rio Grande region of North America for nearly a decade? a.) Pontiac's Rebellion b.) The Pueblo Revolt c.) King Philip's War d.) The Pequot War e.) The Battle of Fallen Timbers
c the expansion
Which of the following contributed most significantly to a surge in western settlement during the 1860s and 1870s? a.) dry seasons turned fertile land to semidesert and made real estate inexpensive b.) a strong military eliminated attacks by Native Americans c.) the expansion of railroads made the Great Plains more accessible d.) The novels of romantics like Hamlin Garland glorified western life e.) Government funding for irrigation projects made farms more profitable
b advocates of
Which of the following groups would most likely have voted for Barry Goldwater in the 1964 presidential election a.) New Deal Democrats b.) Advocates of states' rights c.) African Americans in the South d.) Opponents of the Cold War e.) Labor union members
b They were
Which of the following is a correct statement about women in United States society in the years 1790-1810? a.) They attained suffrage in all states b.) They were considered critical to educating good republican citizens c.) They became increasingly prominent as entrepreneurs d.)They owned a large share of the nation's property e.) They entered professional occupations such as medicine and law in large numbers
c congressional approval
Which of the following led to increased United States involvement in the war in Vietnam? (A) News of the My Lai massacre (B) Requests from other Southeast Asian countries for an increased United States presence in Vietnam (C) Congressional approval of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (D) Hardened resistance by the communists following the Geneva Accords (E) Failure ofthe Vietnamization program
a Chinese and Irish
Which of the following pairs of immigrant groups were most prominent in the construction of the transcontinental railroad? (A) Chinese and Irish (B) Irish and Japanese (C) Chinese and Japanese (D) Italians and Irish (E) Chinese and Italians
a he believed
Which of the following statements best summarizes the views of Andrew Johnson on Reconstruction? a.) He believed that Reconstruction was an executive branch matter and sought the rapid restoration of the former Confederate states to the Union b.) He supported the idea of the president and Congress sharing power and believed in a stringent plan of Reconstruction c.) He believed that both succession and Reconstruction should be dealt with by the Supreme Court d.) He slowly moved to a Radical Republican position on Reconstruction and supported increased rights for African Americans e.) He refused to take a position on Reconstruction, prompting Republicans to impeach him for his irresponsibility
e a greater
Which of the following was NOT a result of the growth of a national market economy between 1815 and 1860 ? (A) Increasing economic specialization (B) The application of machinery to the mass production of goods (C) A greater disparity of Wealth between rich and poor Americans (D) The beginnings of an Organized labor movement (E) A greater number of men working at home
b individual conduct
Which of the following was a core belief of the transcendentalists of the early nineteenth century? (A) Only highly centralized and conformist religious institutions can guarantee an orderly society (B) Individual conduct should be guided by truths found in the individual conscience. (C) Unjust laws must be obeyed until they can be changed through legislative action. (D) Human societies are inherently corrupt, and those seeking purity should practice good works. (E) American Indian practices of meditation are the key to attaining valuable spiritual insights.
e immigration from
Which of the following was a major effect of the passage of the Immigration Act of 1965? a.) the total number of immigrants admitted to the United States was significantly reduced b.) immigrants from within the Western Hemisphere were given preference over other immigrants c.) immigration from the Soviet Union, Poland, and Italy decreased significantly d.) Immigration from Britain, Ireland, and Germany increased significantly e.) Immigration from Asia increased significantly
c american indians
Which of the following was a result of the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887? a.) It encouraged cooperative land ownership among American Indians b.) American Indians in the West led attacks on United States forts c.) American Indians lost control of millions of acres of land d.) American Indians and WHites challenged each other over land ownership in range wars e.) Most American Indians were relocated to the West of the Mississippi
c television audiences
Which of the following was most responsible for bringing to an end Senator Joseph McCarthy's anticommunist campaign? a.) President Truman publicly criticized McCarthy b.) McCarthy proved his charges of communist subversion c.) Television audiences witnessed his manner of leveling unsubstantiated charges d.) The federal courts issued an injunction against further accusations by McCarthy e.) Cold War tensions increased in the mid-1950s