APUSH Final Exam Unit 4
During the 1800s the most common form of resistance to slavery by slaves themselves was A rebelling openly, using weapons, and planning confrontations B organizing petitions and demonstrations against slavery C escaping to Canada via the Underground Railroad D working slowly and breaking tools E cooperating with the abolitionist movement to advocate laws to end slavery
D working slowly and breaking tools
In addition to the cotton gin, Eli Whitney's major contribution to American Technology was his A introduction of interchangeable parts B development of the first practical locomotive C invention of the mechanical reaper D installation of the first textile mill E development of steam power
A introduction of interchangeable parts
The idea of Manifest Destiny included all of the following beliefs EXCEPT: A Commerce and industry would decline as the nation expanded its agricultural base. B The use of land for settled agriculture was preferable to its use for nomadic hunting. C Westward expansion was both inevitable and beneficial. D God had selected America as a chosen land and people. E The ultimate extent of the American domain was to be from the tropics to the Arctic.
A Commerce and industry would decline as the nation expanded its agricultural base.
Let us, then, fellow-citizens, unite with one heart and one mind. Let us restore to social intercourse that harmony and affection without which liberty and even life itself are but dreary things. And let us reflect that, having banished from our land that religious intolerance under which mankind so long bled and suffered, we have yet gained little if we countenance a political intolerance as despotic, as wicked, and capable of as bitter and bloody persecutions. . . . We have called by different names brethren of the same principle. We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists. If there be any among us who would wish to dissolve this Union or to change its republican form, let them stand undisturbed as monuments of the safety with which error of opinion may be tolerated where reason is left free to combat it." Thomas Jefferson, first inaugural address, 1801 The excerpt best reflects which of the following? A Conflicts over how the Constitution should be implemented and interpreted B Fear that the United States would be overtaken by a foreign power C Disagreement over the consequences of the French Revolution for the United States D Secessionist pressures coming from slaveholders in the South
A Conflicts over how the Constitution should be implemented and interpreted
Which of the following best explains the cause of the emergence of new political parties in the early nineteenth century? A Continued debates over the proper role of the federal government B Growing agreement regarding the issue of slavery C Declining support for westward territorial expansion D Persistent concern over the influence of foreign powers
A Continued debates over the proper role of the federal government
Support for slavery in the Southern states was based on all of the following reasons EXCEPT: A Most White families owned slaves. B Slaveholders believed that slaves were inferior and required White guardianship. C Slavery was condoned in the Bible. D White plantation owners feared abolition would destroy the South's economy. E Poor White farmers feared the economic competition of four million freed persons.
A Most White families owned slaves
"I do not belong, said Mr. [Calhoun], to the school which holds that aggression is to be met by concession. . . . If we concede an inch, concession would follow concession—compromise would follow compromise, until our ranks would be so broken that effectual resistance would be impossible. . . . ". . . A large portion of the Northern States believed slavery to be a sin, and would believe it to be an obligation of conscience to abolish it if they should feel themselves in any degree responsible for its continuance. . . . ". . . Abolition and the Union cannot coexist. As the friend of the Union, I openly proclaim it—and the sooner it is known the better. The former may now be controlled, but in a short time it will be beyond the power of man to arrest the course of events. We of the South will not, cannot, surrender our institutions. To maintain the existing relations between the two races, inhabiting that section of the Union, is indispensable to the peace and happiness of both. . . . But let me not be understood as admitting, even by implication, that the existing relations between the two races in the slaveholding States is an evil—far otherwise; I hold it to be a good, as it has thus far proved itself to be to both, and will continue to prove so if not disturbed by the fell spirit of abolition." Source: South Carolina senator John C. Calhoun, speech in the United States Senate, 1837. Which of the following most contributed to slaveholders such as Calhoun arguing in the 1830s and 1840s that slavery should be viewed as part of the Southern way of life? A Slave rebellions in Haiti, South Carolina, and Virginia had made many leaders in the South fear that enslaved African Americans could harm them. B Abolitionists made up a majority of members of Congress in the 1840s, and Southerners feared that they would pass emancipation legislation. C Most Southern states had begun to allow slaves to learn to read and write, and Southerners wanted people in other states to know that the slave system was changing. D The sudden growth of Southern manufacturing had created a new demand for cotton, so men like Calhoun saw the preservation of slave labor as critical.
A Slave rebellions in Haiti, South Carolina, and Virginia had made many leaders in the South fear that enslaved African Americans could harm them.
"To the Commanders of armed vessels belonging to the United States: "WHEREAS it is declared by the act entitled 'An act for the protection of the commerce and seamen of the United States, against the Tripolitan cruisers,' That it shall be lawful fully to equip, officer, man, and employ such of the armed vessels of the United States, as may be judged requisite by the President of the United States, for protecting effectually the commerce and seamen thereof, on the Atlantic ocean, the Mediterranean and adjoining seas: and also, that it shall be lawful for the President of the United States to instruct the commanders of the respective public vessels, to subdue, seize, and make prize, of all vessels, goods, and effects, belonging to the Bey [Sultan] of Tripoli [in North Africa], or to his subjects. "THEREFORE, And in pursuance of the said statute, you are hereby authorized and directed to subdue, seize, and make prize, of all vessels, goods, and effects, belonging to the Bey of Tripoli, or to his subjects, and to bring or send the same into port, to be proceeded against and distributed according to law. "By command of the President of the United States of America." Thomas Jefferson, 1802 The excerpt could best be used by historians studying which of the following? A The creation of the Monroe Doctrine B The approval of the Louisiana Purchase C The abolition of the international slave trade D The passage of the Missouri Compromise
A The creation of the Monroe Doctrine
The creation of a home market is not only necessary to procure for our agriculture a just reward of its labors, but it is indispensable to obtain a supply of our necessary wants. . . . Suppose no actual abandonment of farming, but, what is most likely, a gradual and imperceptible employment of population in the business of manufacturing, instead of being compelled to resort to agriculture. . . . Is any part of our common country likely to be injured by a transfer of the theatre of [manufacturing] for our own consumption from Europe to America? ". . . Suppose it were even true that Great Britain had abolished all restrictions upon trade, and allowed the freest introduction of the [products] of foreign labor, would that prove it unwise for us to adopt the protecting system? The object of protection is the establishment and perfection of the [manufacturing] arts. In England it, has accomplished its purpose, fulfilled its end. . . . The adoption of the restrictive system, on the part of the United States, by excluding the [products] of foreign labor, would extend the [purchasing] of American [products], unable, in the infancy and unprotected state of the arts, to sustain a competition with foreign fabrics. Let our arts breathe under the shade of protection; let them be perfected as they are in England, and [then] we shall be ready . . . to put aside protection, and enter upon the freest exchanges." Henry Clay, speaker of the House of Representatives, speech in Congress, 1824 The excerpt could best be used by historians studying which of the following in the early 1800s? A The political debates over economic development B The lives of women working in new factories C The effects of new technologies on commerce D The value of British-manufactured imports
A The political debates over economic development
Few wives in antebellum America enjoyed a life free from labor. Family life depended on the smooth performance of an extensive array of unpaid occupations in the household, and on the presence . . . of someone to provide that work—to supervise the children through the vicissitudes of a changing social and economic order; to make and mend clothes, quilts, pillows, and other household furnishings; to shop for items the household could afford . . . , and scavenge . . . for those it could not; to clean, cook, and bake; and, whenever necessary, to move from unpaid to paid labor to bolster the household income. The growth . . . of the cash [economy] of the Northeast had not rendered this labor superfluous. Nor had it reduced housework to unskilled labor." Jeanne Boydston, historian, Home and Work, 1990 During the first half of the nineteenth century, some women increasingly "bolster[ed] the household income," as described in the excerpt, by A obtaining positions in textile mills B signing contracts for indentured servitude C performing clerical and secretarial labor for large corporations D participating in secular and religious reform associations
A obtaining positions in textile mills
Resolved, That woman is man's equal.... "Resolved, That woman has too long rested satisfied in the circumscribed limits which corrupt customs... have marked out for her, and that it is time she should move in the enlarged sphere... assigned her. "Resolved, That it is the duty of the women of this country to secure to themselves their sacred right to the elective franchise. "Resolved,... That, being invested by the Creator with the same capabilities, and the same consciousness of responsibility for their exercise, it is demonstrably the right and duty of woman, equally with man, to promote every righteous cause, by every righteous means." Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions (Seneca Falls Convention), 1848 The language and themes of the excerpt were most directly inspired by the A Articles of Confederation B Declaration of Independence C Northwest Ordinance D United States Constitution
B Declaration of Independence
The Monroe Doctrine maintained that A all nations and states in the Americas were territories of the United States B European powers should not pursue any future colonization in the Americas C Cuba, Texas, and Puerto Rico were protectorates of the United States D Haiti would be established as a colony to be settled by formerly enslaved people from the United States E the United States Congress could overrule the president's foreign policy initiatives in Latin America
B European powers should not pursue any future colonization in the Americas
As [political leader Henry] Clay envisioned it [in the 1820s], the American System constituted the... basis for social improvement.... Through sale of its enormous land holdings, the federal government could well afford to subsidize internal improvements. By levying protective tariffs, the government should foster the development of American manufacturing and agricultural enterprises that, in their infancy, might not be able to withstand foreign competition. The promotion of industry would create a home market for agricultural commodities, just as farms provided a market for manufactured products." Daniel Walker Howe, historian, What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815-1848, published in 2007 Which of the following most directly made possible the ideas described in the excerpt? A The emergence of monopolies that dominated entire businesses B Innovations including textile machinery, steam engines, and interchangeable parts C Farmers' creation of local, regional, and national organizations that resisted corporate power D The significant influence of organized labor unions
B Innovations including textile machinery, steam engines, and interchangeable parts
Let us, then, fellow-citizens, unite with one heart and one mind. Let us restore to social intercourse that harmony and affection without which liberty and even life itself are but dreary things. And let us reflect that, having banished from our land that religious intolerance under which mankind so long bled and suffered, we have yet gained little if we countenance a political intolerance as despotic, as wicked, and capable of as bitter and bloody persecutions. . . . We have called by different names brethren of the same principle. We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists. If there be any among us who would wish to dissolve this Union or to change its republican form, let them stand undisturbed as monuments of the safety with which error of opinion may be tolerated where reason is left free to combat it." Thomas Jefferson, first inaugural address, 1801 Which of the following issues of the period was Jefferson most likely concerned with in the excerpt? A The growth of slave labor B The creation of political parties C The expansion of the right to vote D The growth of various Protestant religious groups
B The creation of political parties
What do we mean by the Revolution? The war? That was no part of the Revolution; it was only an effect and consequence of it. The Revolution was in the minds of the people, and this was effected from 1760 to 1775, in the course of fifteen years, before a drop of blood was shed at Lexington." John Adams, former president of the United States, letter to Thomas Jefferson, former president of the United States, 1815 Which of the following aspects of life in the United States in the early nineteenth century most likely influenced Adams' recollection of Revolutionary events? A The rapid development of the market revolution B The development of a national culture and national identity C The growing popularity of the idea of Manifest Destiny D The rapid growth of a mass democracy
B The development of a national culture and national identity
"Louisiana as ceded by France is made part of the United States. Congress may make part of the United States other adjacent territories which shall be justly acquired. "Congress may sever from the United States territory not heretofore within the United States, with consent of a majority of the free males above 21 years, inhabiting such territory." James Madison, secretary of state, proposed constitutional amendment [not passed], 1803 Which of the following best describes the historical situation in which the amendment was proposed? A The Anti-Federalists sought to add a bill of rights to the Constitution. B The federal government sought to acquire more western land in North America. C The United States sought to forcibly remove American Indians from their homelands. D The Constitutional Convention sought to establish the separation of powers between branches of government.
B The federal government sought to acquire more western land in North America.
The expansion of the South [from 1800 to 1850] across the Appalachians and the Mississippi River to the fringes of the high plains was one of the great American folk wanderings. Motivated by the longing for fresh and cheap land,... Southerners completed their occupation of a region as large as western Europe. Despite the variety of the land, . . . the settlers of the Southwest had certain broad similarities. They might be farmers large or small, but most farmed or lived by serving the needs of farmers. . . . Not all owned or ever would own slaves, but most accepted slavery as a mode of holding and creating wealth." Albert E. Cowdrey, historian, This Land, This South: An Environmental History, 1983 Which of the following contributed most directly to the population movement described in the excerpt? A The discovery of gold B The overcultivation of the soil C The growth of industrial manufacturing D The decline of the trans-Atlantic trade
B The overcultivation of the soil
Resolved, That woman is man's equal.... "Resolved, That woman has too long rested satisfied in the circumscribed limits which corrupt customs... have marked out for her, and that it is time she should move in the enlarged sphere... assigned her. "Resolved, That it is the duty of the women of this country to secure to themselves their sacred right to the elective franchise. "Resolved,... That, being invested by the Creator with the same capabilities, and the same consciousness of responsibility for their exercise, it is demonstrably the right and duty of woman, equally with man, to promote every righteous cause, by every righteous means." Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions (Seneca Falls Convention), 1848 Which other "righteous cause" would participants in the Seneca Falls Convention have been most likely to support? A Expansionism B Nativism C Abolitionism D Conservationism
C Abolitionism
"Not far from this time Nat Turner's insurrection [a slave rebellion] broke out; and the news threw our town into great commotion. . . . "It was always the custom to have a muster every year. On that occasion every White man shouldered his musket. The citizens and the so-called country gentlemen wore military uniforms. . . . "I knew the houses were to be searched; and I expected it would be done by country bullies and the poor Whites. . . . "It was a grand opportunity for the low Whites, who had no Negroes of their own to scourge. They exulted in such a chance to exercise a little brief authority, and show their subserviency to the slaveholders; not reflecting that the power which trampled on the colored people also kept themselves in poverty, ignorance, and moral degradation. . . . Colored people and slaves who lived in remote parts of the town suffered in an especial manner. In some cases the searchers scattered [gun]powder and shot among their clothes, and then sent other parties to find them, and bring them forward as proof that they were plotting insurrection." Harriet Ann Jacobs, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, published in 1861, describing events earlier in the nineteenth century Which of the following pieces of evidence best supports the excerpt's depiction of reactions to slave rebellions? A Southern states banned the importation of slaves from Africa. B Northerners agreed that slavery was a positive institution for society. C Additional restrictions were placed on enslaved and free African Americans. D The majority of slaveholders moved toward using alternative forms of labor.
C Additional restrictions were placed on enslaved and free African Americans.
"I do not belong, said Mr. [Calhoun], to the school which holds that aggression is to be met by concession. . . . If we concede an inch, concession would follow concession—compromise would follow compromise, until our ranks would be so broken that effectual resistance would be impossible. . . . ". . . A large portion of the Northern States believed slavery to be a sin, and would believe it to be an obligation of conscience to abolish it if they should feel themselves in any degree responsible for its continuance. . . . ". . . Abolition and the Union cannot coexist. As the friend of the Union, I openly proclaim it—and the sooner it is known the better. The former may now be controlled, but in a short time it will be beyond the power of man to arrest the course of events. We of the South will not, cannot, surrender our institutions. To maintain the existing relations between the two races, inhabiting that section of the Union, is indispensable to the peace and happiness of both. . . . But let me not be understood as admitting, even by implication, that the existing relations between the two races in the slaveholding States is an evil—far otherwise; I hold it to be a good, as it has thus far proved itself to be to both, and will continue to prove so if not disturbed by the fell spirit of abolition." Source: South Carolina senator John C. Calhoun, speech in the United States Senate, 1837. The ideas expressed by John C. Calhoun and others who shared his views on slavery had which of the following effects on emerging abolitionist movements in the years leading up to the Civil War? A Many abolitionist groups in the North began to question the accounts of harsh treatment described by escaped slaves who made it to freedom. B Arguments describing slavery as a "positive good" weakened the impact of abolitionist efforts to encourage White northerners to support emancipation. C As many people came to see slavery as part of the Southern way of life, attitudes on both sides of the slavery argument hardened so that political compromise became difficult. D Very few members of Congress accepted Calhoun's "positive good" argument, and they became more open to passing laws limiting slaveholding and the internal slave trade.
C As many people came to see slavery as part of the Southern way of life, attitudes on both sides of the slavery argument hardened so that political compromise became difficult.
The creation of a home market is not only necessary to procure for our agriculture a just reward of its labors, but it is indispensable to obtain a supply of our necessary wants. . . . Suppose no actual abandonment of farming, but, what is most likely, a gradual and imperceptible employment of population in the business of manufacturing, instead of being compelled to resort to agriculture. . . . Is any part of our common country likely to be injured by a transfer of the theatre of [manufacturing] for our own consumption from Europe to America? ". . . Suppose it were even true that Great Britain had abolished all restrictions upon trade, and allowed the freest introduction of the [products] of foreign labor, would that prove it unwise for us to adopt the protecting system? The object of protection is the establishment and perfection of the [manufacturing] arts. In England it, has accomplished its purpose, fulfilled its end. . . . The adoption of the restrictive system, on the part of the United States, by excluding the [products] of foreign labor, would extend the [purchasing] of American [products], unable, in the infancy and unprotected state of the arts, to sustain a competition with foreign fabrics. Let our arts breathe under the shade of protection; let them be perfected as they are in England, and [then] we shall be ready . . . to put aside protection, and enter upon the freest exchanges." Henry Clay, speaker of the House of Representatives, speech in Congress, 1824 Which of the following was an interpretation of the speech by opponents of the goals Clay expressed in the excerpt? A Clay was seeking to discourage factory production to protect traditional artisans. B Clay's proposal would require the expansion of slavery to supply factory workers. C Clay's manufacturing plan would benefit one section of the country more than others. D Clay was seeking to encourage an increase in imports of British manufactured goods.
C Clay's manufacturing plan would benefit one section of the country more than others.
Which of the following statements about the Monroe Doctrine is accurate? A It was announced by the President over the serious objections of Secretary of State John Quincy Adams. B It was issued simultaneously with a British policy statement on Latin America. C It stressed that Europe and the Western Hemisphere had essentially different political systems. D It was immediately accepted as international law. E It was promptly challenged militarily by the "Concert of Europe."
C It stressed that Europe and the Western Hemisphere had essentially different political systems.
"As [political leader Henry] Clay envisioned it [in the 1820s], the American System constituted the... basis for social improvement.... Through sale of its enormous land holdings, the federal government could well afford to subsidize internal improvements. By levying protective tariffs, the government should foster the development of American manufacturing and agricultural enterprises that, in their infancy, might not be able to withstand foreign competition. The promotion of industry would create a home market for agricultural commodities, just as farms provided a market for manufactured products." Daniel Walker Howe, historian, What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815-1848, published in 2007 The ideas described in the excerpt contributed most directly to which of the following? A A decline in the internal slave trade B Large-scale European immigration to the South C More Americans producing goods for national markets D Business leaders consolidating corporations into trusts and holding companies
C More Americans producing goods for national markets
The creation of a home market is not only necessary to procure for our agriculture a just reward of its labors, but it is indispensable to obtain a supply of our necessary wants. . . . Suppose no actual abandonment of farming, but, what is most likely, a gradual and imperceptible employment of population in the business of manufacturing, instead of being compelled to resort to agriculture. . . . Is any part of our common country likely to be injured by a transfer of the theatre of [manufacturing] for our own consumption from Europe to America? ". . . Suppose it were even true that Great Britain had abolished all restrictions upon trade, and allowed the freest introduction of the [products] of foreign labor, would that prove it unwise for us to adopt the protecting system? The object of protection is the establishment and perfection of the [manufacturing] arts. In England it, has accomplished its purpose, fulfilled its end. . . . The adoption of the restrictive system, on the part of the United States, by excluding the [products] of foreign labor, would extend the [purchasing] of American [products], unable, in the infancy and unprotected state of the arts, to sustain a competition with foreign fabrics. Let our arts breathe under the shade of protection; let them be perfected as they are in England, and [then] we shall be ready . . . to put aside protection, and enter upon the freest exchanges." Henry Clay, speaker of the House of Representatives, speech in Congress, 1824 Which of the following describes an interpretation of Clay's economic principles at the time as expressed in the excerpt? A The sections of the United States should retain separate regional economies. B The farmers of the United States should switch to manufacturing jobs. C The United States should increase domestic manufacturing to promote prosperity. D The United States should never engage in foreign commerce.
C The United States should increase domestic manufacturing to promote prosperity.
Which of the following most likely contributed to the emergence of the Second Great Awakening? A The rise of the Whig Party B The election of President Andrew Jackson C The cultural responses to the Enlightenment D The emergence of a women's rights movement
C The cultural responses to the Enlightenm
Which of the following best explains the expansion of participatory democracy in the early nineteenth century? A The abolition of slavery in most northern states B The growth of manufacturing along rivers and canals C The extension of suffrage rights to most adult White men D The influence of the early women's rights movement
C The extension of suffrage rights to most adult White men
Few wives in antebellum America enjoyed a life free from labor. Family life depended on the smooth performance of an extensive array of unpaid occupations in the household, and on the presence . . . of someone to provide that work—to supervise the children through the vicissitudes of a changing social and economic order; to make and mend clothes, quilts, pillows, and other household furnishings; to shop for items the household could afford . . . , and scavenge . . . for those it could not; to clean, cook, and bake; and, whenever necessary, to move from unpaid to paid labor to bolster the household income. The growth . . . of the cash [economy] of the Northeast had not rendered this labor superfluous. Nor had it reduced housework to unskilled labor." Jeanne Boydston, historian, Home and Work, 1990 Which of the following most directly contributed to the situation described in the excerpt? A The abolitionist movement B Increased immigration C The market revolution D The emergence of mass political parties
C The market revolution
"Louisiana as ceded by France is made part of the United States. Congress may make part of the United States other adjacent territories which shall be justly acquired. "Congress may sever from the United States territory not heretofore within the United States, with consent of a majority of the free males above 21 years, inhabiting such territory." James Madison, secretary of state, proposed constitutional amendment [not passed], 1803 Which of the following best describes a major purpose of the proposed amendment? A To strengthen the United States alliance with France B To give individual states the legal right to secede from the Union C To give Congress additional constitutional powers D To give the president more control over negotiating treaties
C To give Congress additional constitutional powers
A bank of the United States is in many respects convenient for the Government and useful to the people. Entertaining this opinion, and deeply impressed with the belief that some of the powers and privileges possessed by the existing bank are unauthorized by the Constitution, subversive of the rights of the States, and dangerous to the liberties of the people, I felt it my duty at an early period of my Administration to call the attention of Congress to the practicability of organizing an institution combining all its advantages and obviating [removing] these objections. I sincerely regret that in the act before me I can perceive none of those modifications of the bank charter which are necessary, in my opinion, to make it compatible with justice, with sound policy, or with the Constitution of our country. . . . "Experience should teach us wisdom. Most of the difficulties our Government now encounters and most of the dangers which impend over our Union have sprung from an abandonment of the legitimate objects of Government by our national legislation. . . . Many of our rich men have not been content with equal protection and equal benefits, but have besought us to make them richer by act of Congress. By attempting to gratify their desires we have in the results of our legislation arrayed section against section, interest against interest, and man against man, in a fearful commotion which threatens to shake the foundations of our Union." President Andrew Jackson, Veto Message Regarding the Bank of the United States, 1832 Which of the following of Jackson's policies undermined his position as described in the excerpt? A Allowing territories to determine whether slavery should be legal within their borders B Rejecting the Supreme Court's power to determine constitutionality of laws C Using federal power to forcibly relocate American Indian groups D Encouraging individuals to settle west of the Mississippi River
C Using federal power to forcibly relocate American Indian groups
To the Commanders of armed vessels belonging to the United States: "WHEREAS it is declared by the act entitled 'An act for the protection of the commerce and seamen of the United States, against the Tripolitan cruisers,' That it shall be lawful fully to equip, officer, man, and employ such of the armed vessels of the United States, as may be judged requisite by the President of the United States, for protecting effectually the commerce and seamen thereof, on the Atlantic ocean, the Mediterranean and adjoining seas: and also, that it shall be lawful for the President of the United States to instruct the commanders of the respective public vessels, to subdue, seize, and make prize, of all vessels, goods, and effects, belonging to the Bey [Sultan] of Tripoli [in North Africa], or to his subjects. "THEREFORE, And in pursuance of the said statute, you are hereby authorized and directed to subdue, seize, and make prize, of all vessels, goods, and effects, belonging to the Bey of Tripoli, or to his subjects, and to bring or send the same into port, to be proceeded against and distributed according to law. "By command of the President of the United States of America." Thomas Jefferson, 1802 The rhetorical purpose expressed in the excerpt would most likely have been interpreted as promoting which of the following? A Expanding suffrage rights to all White men B Challenging Great Britain's control of Canada C Using international commerce to expand United States influence D Investing in technology to make ocean voyages faster
C Using international commerce to expand United States influence
The map above shows the United States immediately following the A passage of the Northwest Ordinance B negotiation of the Adams-Onis Treaty C passage of the Missouri Compromise D settlement of the Mexican War E passage of the Compromise of 1850
C passage of the Missouri Compromise
Louisiana as ceded by France is made part of the United States. Congress may make part of the United States other adjacent territories which shall be justly acquired. "Congress may sever from the United States territory not heretofore within the United States, with consent of a majority of the free males above 21 years, inhabiting such territory." James Madison, secretary of state, proposed constitutional amendment [not passed], 1803 Which of the following groups would mostly likely have supported this proposed amendment? A Proponents of the supremacy of federal laws over state laws B Proponents of the expansion of the executive branch powers under the Constitution C Advocates of the power of the Supreme Court to review federal laws D Advocates of limiting federal powers to those specifically written into the Constitution
D Advocates of limiting federal powers to those specifically written into the Constitution
Which of the following factors best explains the increase in White male suffrage in the early nineteenth century? A Reaction to widespread political protest B Resistance to increased federal taxation C Amendments to the United States Constitution D Changes to property ownership requirements
D Changes to property ownership requirements
The expansion of the South [from 1800 to 1850] across the Appalachians and the Mississippi River to the fringes of the high plains was one of the great American folk wanderings. Motivated by the longing for fresh and cheap land,... Southerners completed their occupation of a region as large as western Europe. Despite the variety of the land, . . . the settlers of the Southwest had certain broad similarities. They might be farmers large or small, but most farmed or lived by serving the needs of farmers. . . . Not all owned or ever would own slaves, but most accepted slavery as a mode of holding and creating wealth." Albert E. Cowdrey, historian, This Land, This South: An Environmental History, 1983 The economic growth of the South relied primarily on the export of goods to which of the following? A East Asia B The Midwest C The West D Europe
D Europe
In the mid-nineteenth century, the process shown in the map was advocated by supporters of which of the following ideologies? A Republicanism B Abolitionism C Progressivism D Manifest Destiny
D Manifest Destiny
Which of the following was a common justification in the United States for the trend depicted in the map? A The interest in greater access to trade with the British colonies in the Americas B The desire for better relations with Mexico C The intention to assimilate Plains Indians into White society D The belief in White cultural and political superiority
D The belief in White cultural and political superiority
"Not far from this time Nat Turner's insurrection [a slave rebellion] broke out; and the news threw our town into great commotion. . . . "It was always the custom to have a muster every year. On that occasion every White man shouldered his musket. The citizens and the so-called country gentlemen wore military uniforms. . . . "I knew the houses were to be searched; and I expected it would be done by country bullies and the poor Whites. . . . "It was a grand opportunity for the low Whites, who had no Negroes of their own to scourge. They exulted in such a chance to exercise a little brief authority, and show their subserviency to the slaveholders; not reflecting that the power which trampled on the colored people also kept themselves in poverty, ignorance, and moral degradation. . . . Colored people and slaves who lived in remote parts of the town suffered in an especial manner. In some cases the searchers scattered [gun]powder and shot among their clothes, and then sent other parties to find them, and bring them forward as proof that they were plotting insurrection." Harriet Ann Jacobs, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, published in 1861, describing events earlier in the nineteenth century Which of the following claims best aligns with the evidence in the excerpt about the relationship between enslaved African Americans and White Southern citizens? A A majority of White citizens held slaves; therefore, they felt obligated to ensure the preservation of slavery. B The attitudes of White citizens regarding the motives of slave rebellions differed by region within the South. C A majority of poor White citizens benefited economically from having enslaved African Americans do the manual labor that White citizens did not want to do. D The slave system gave poor White citizens the feeling of social superiority over free and enslaved African Americans in a culture where African Americans held little power.
D The slave system gave poor White citizens the feeling of social superiority over free and enslaved African Americans in a culture where African Americans held little power.
The issuance of the Monroe Doctrine did which of the following? A Reaffirmed George Washington's goal of United States neutrality in the Americas. B Helped Secretary of State John Quincy Adams secure the presidency in 1824. C Established the United States as the dominant economic power in South America. D Provided the basis for resolving Anglo-American border disputes. E Asserted American independent in the realm of foreign policy.
E Asserted American independent in the realm of foreign policy.
The Second Great Awakening did which of the following? A It resulted in a sharp decline in church membership. B It increased Protestant toleration for Catholics and Jews. C It produced increased respect for civil authority. D It emphasized reason and logic over emotionalism in religious matters E It encouraged conversion to evangelical Christianity.
E It encouraged conversion to evangelical Christianity.
The most unpopular and least successful of President Thomas Jefferson's policies was his A advocacy of territorial expansion B handling of Barbary Coast pirates C reduction of the size of the military D reduction of the national debt E adherence to neutrality in dealing with England and France
E adherence to neutrality in dealing with England and France
