APUSH Finals Period 5 Study Guide

D. a hope held by some in government that American Indians would adopt lifestyles similar to the lifestyles of White settlers

"Article 2: [T]he United States now solemnly agrees that no persons...shall ever be permitted to pass over, settle upon, or reside in... this reservation for the use of said Indians. Article 6: "If any individual belonging to said tribes of Indians, or legally incorporated with them, being the head of a family, shall desire to commence farming, he shall have the privilege to select... a tract of land within said reservation, not exceeding three hundred and twenty acres in extent. Article 11: [The] tribes who are parties to this agreement hereby stipulate that they will relinquish all right to occupy permanently the territory outside their reservations... but yet reserve the right to hunt on any lands north of North Platte, and on the Republican Fork of the Smoky Hill river, so long as the buffalo may range thereon in such numbers as to justify the chase... They will withdraw all opposition to the construction of the railroads now being built on the plains... They will not attack any persons at home, or travelling, nor molest or disturb any wagon trains, coaches, mules, or cattle belonging to the people of the United States." - Second Treaty of Fort Laramie, agreed between the United States government and various bands of the Sioux nation, 1868 Article 6 of the treaty most likely reflected which of the following sentiments? A. a desire by many American Indians to change their way of life B. a need felt by many American Indians to more clearly legitimize their claims to the land C. a wish by some in government to protect American Indian landholdings from encroachments by railroads D. a hope held by some in government that American Indians would adopt lifestyles similar to the lifestyles of White settlers

D. gain continued support for the war effort

"It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far no nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us-that form these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion - that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain - that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom - and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth." - Abraham Lincoln, Gettysburg Address, November 1863 Lincoln's main purpose in the excerpt was to A. encourage the punishment of the South B. propose expanded democratic voting rights C. advocate racial equality D. gain continued support for the war effort

A. the rise in immigration to the United States

"The American Republicans of the city and county of Philadelphia, who are determined to support the NATIVE [White, Protestant] AMERICANS in their Constitutional Rights of peaceably assembling to express their opinions on any question of Public Policy, and to SUSTAIN THEM AGAINST THE ASSAULTS OF ALIENS AND FOREIGNERS are requested to assemble on MONDAY AFTERNOON, May 6th, 1844 at 4 o'clock, at the corner of Master and Second Street, Kensington [a section of Philadelphia], to express their indignation [anger] at the outrage on Friday evening last, which was perpetrated by the Irish Catholics." - Text from a poster announcing a meeting of the American Republican Party, later renamed the American Party, Philadelphia, 1844 Which of the following historical situations can best be used to explain how the excerpt would have been interpreted at the time? A. the rise in immigration to the United States B. the start of the women's rights movement C. the expansion of manufacturing in the South D. the decline of the international slave trade

A. Slaves lived better than northern factory workers

"We do not know whether free laborers ever sleep... The free laborer must work or starve. He is more of a slave than the negro, because he works longer and harder for less allowance than the slave, and has no holiday, because the cares of life with him begin when its labors end. He has no liberty, and not a single right." - George Fitzhugh, Cannibals All! or Slaves Without Masters, 1857 The excerpt above reflects the common argument in the antebellum South that A. Slaves lived better than northern factory workers B. Capitalism was the economic system most likely to generate wealth and happiness for the most people C. The South needed to change to survive D. Slavery was immoral

B. the secession of most Southern states

"We, therefore, the people of the State of South Carolina, in convention assembled, do declare and ordain... that the several acts and parts of acts of the Congress of the United States, purporting to be laws for the imposing of duties and imposts on the importation of foreign commodities... are unauthorized by the Constitution of the United States, and violate the true meaning and intent thereof and are null, void, and no law, nor binding upon this State..." - South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification, 1832 Arguments similar to those expressed in the excerpt were later employed to justify which of the following? A. the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment B. the secession of most Southern states C. the entry into the Mexican-American War D. the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act

C?

"Whether you are or are not, entitled to all the rights of citizenship in this country has long been a matter of dispute to your prejudice. By enlisting in the service of your country at this trial hour, and upholding the National Flag, you stop the mouths of [cynics] and win applause even from the iron lips of ingratitude. Enlist and you make this your country in common with all other men born in the country or out of it.. He who fights the battles of America may claim America as his country-and have that claim respected. Thus in defending your country now against rebels and traitors you are defending your own liberty, honor, manhood and self-respect... ... [H]istory shall record the names of heroes and martyrs who bravely answered the call of patriotism and Liberty-against traitors, thieves and assassins-let it not be said that in the long list of glory, composed of men of all nations-there appears the name of no colored man." - Frederick Douglass, excerpt from an editorial, April 1863 Which of the following best explains Douglass's point of view in the excerpt? A. African American enlistment would enable the Union Army to prevail in the Civil War B. Once African American men enlisted, Northern White soldiers would accept them as equals. C. Shared sacrifice would help advance African American men's claims to United States citizenship D. Northern politicians overwhelmingly favored enlistment of African Americans in the Union army

C. variety of proposals leaders made that ultimately failed to reduce sectional conflict

*cartoon of Brooks-Sumner Incident The cartoon above is best understood in the context of the A. willingness of abolitionists to use violence to achieve their goals B. weakening of loyalties to the two major parties C. variety of proposals leaders made that ultimately failed to reduce sectional conflict D. North's increasing reliance on a free-labor manufacturing economy

D. a critique of Reconstruction

*cartoon with carpetbaggers and scalawags and a woman struggling to bear their "burden" The cartoon above is intended to express A. opposition to women's rights B. opposition to states' rights C. support for strong government D. a critique of Reconstruction

B. experienced increasing tension over the issue of slavery

A significant result of the Mexican-American War of 1846-1848 was that the United States A. suffered a military defeat B. experienced increasing tension over the issue of slavery C. won control of Cuba from Spain D. freed Texas from Mexican rule

C. passage of the Wilmot Proviso

All of the following contributed to Northern fear of a slave power conspiracy in the 1840s and 1850s EXCEPT the A. decision of the Supreme Court in the Dred Scott case B. proposal of the Ostend Manifesto C. passage of the Wilmot Proviso D. enforcement of a new fugitive slave law

C. massive exodus of former slaves from the South

All of the following led Congress to impose Radical Reconstruction measures EXCEPT the A. enactment of Black Codes by southern legislatures B. election of former Confederates to Congress C. massive exodus of former slaves from the South D. response of southern legislatures to the Fourteenth Amendment

B. The South's superior industrial resources would give it an advantage over the North

At the beginning of the Civil War, Southerners expressed all of the following expectations EXCEPT A. Northern unity in the struggle against the Southern sates would eventually break B. The South's superior industrial resources would give it an advantage over the North C. Great Britain would intervene on the side of the South in order to preserve its source of cotton D. the justice of the South's cause would prevail

B. spread of sharecropping

During Reconstruction, a major economic development in the South was the A. creation of large commercial and banking centers B. spread of sharecropping C. decline of the textile industry D. rise of large-scale commercial farming

A. the growing power of poor Southern Whites who resisted planter dominance and sought to abolish slavery

Historians have argued that all of the following were causes of the Civil War EXCEPT A. the growing power of poor Southern Whites who resisted planter dominance and sought to abolish slavery B. differences over the morality and future of slavery C. the actions of irresponsible politicians and agitators in the North and the South D. the clash of economic interests between agrarian and industrializing regions

A. preserve the Union

In 1861 the North went to war with the South primarily to A. preserve the Union B. liberate the slaves C. average political defeats and insults inflicted by the South D. prevent European powers from meddling in American affairs

D. protecting legislation guaranteeing civil rights to former slaves

In adopting the Fourteenth Amendment, Congress was primarily concerned with A. guaranteeing all citizens the right to vote B. ending slavery C. protecting the powers of the southern state governments established under Andrew Johnson D. protecting legislation guaranteeing civil rights to former slaves

D. declared secession illegal

In his inaugural address, Abraham Lincoln A. promised to expand slavery B. promised to end slavery everywhere C. made a declaration of war D. declared secession illegal

D. African Americans' voting rights guaranteed by the Fifteenth Amendment

In the late nineteenth century, state governments in the South were largely successful in restricting A. state laws allowing married women to own property B. corruption in the federal government C. the power of the Democratic Party in the region D. African Americans' voting rights guaranteed by the Fifteenth Amendment

D. possible British recognition of the Confederacy

Of the following, the most threatening problem for the Union from 1861 through 1863 was A. French objections to the Union blockade B. British insistence on the abolition of slavery C. Spanish intervention in Santo Domingo D. possible British recognition of the Confederacy

C. experienced military leadership

On the eve of the Civil War, the South enjoyed an advantage over the North in A. firearms production B. total population C. experienced military leadership D. railroad mileage

B. considered "contrabands of war"

Slave who ran away toward Union troops were A. returned to their masters B. considered "contrabands of war" C. immediately enlisted into the U.S. Army D. killed

B. the draft riots in New York City

The belief by some Americans that the Civil War was "a rich man's war but a poor man's fight" was reflected in A. Thoreau's denunciation of the war B. the draft riots in New York City C. Lincoln's suspension of habeas corpus in the South D. Sherman's march to Atlanta

A. most White families owned slaves

Support for slavery in the Southern states was based on all of the following EXCEPT A. most White families owned slaves B. slavery was condoned in the Bible C. White plantation owners feared abolition would destroy the South's economy D. Slaveholders believed that slaves were inferior and required White guardianship

C. allow people living in a territory to determine whether slavery should be permitted there

The 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act instituted popular sovereignty to A. assure that Congress had a constitutional right to establish or abolish slavery in new territories B. admit Kansas as a slave state and Nebraska as a free state C. allow people living in a territory to determine whether slavery should be permitted there D. prohibit slavery above Missouri's southern border

C. commerce and industry would decline as the nation expanded its agricultural base

The idea of Manifest Destiny included all of the following EXCEPT A. westward expansion was both inevitable and beneficial B. God had selected America as a chosen land and people C. commerce and industry would decline as the nation expanded its agricultural base D. the use of land for settled agriculture was preferable to its use for nomadic hunting

A?

Which of the following factors best explains the territorial expansion of slavery in the middle of the nineteenth century? A. the Mexican-American War incorporated extensive new lands into the United States B. the rise of industry in the North created more demand for raw materials such as cotton C. the belief in Manifest Destiny encouraged settlers to move to the West D. the growing nativist movement sought to place restrictions on new immigrants

D. It sparked an unprecedented discussion about race and slavery in the United States and abroad.

Which of the following statements describes the historical significance of Harriet Beecher Stowe's 1852 novel "Uncle Tom's Cabin?" A. it portrayed slaves as good-natured but unintelligent and unable to care for themselves B. The novel was made into an emotionally charged stage play that was banned throughout the North and South C. The book did not sell well until after the Civil War had begun, but it eventually made Stowe a rich woman D. It sparked an unprecedented discussion about race and slavery in the United States and abroad.

D. The belief in White cultural and political superiority

Which of the following was a common justification in the United States for the trend depicted in the map? A. The intention to assimilate Plains Indians into White society B. The desire for better relations with Mexico C. The interest in greater access to trade with the British colonies in the Americas D. The belief in White cultural and political superiority

B. it allowed immigrants to retain their languages and customs to a greater degree

Which of the following was the MOST important reason why immigrants tended to cluster in ethnic communities during the antebellum period? A. the majority of immigrants came from urban areas of Europe B. it allowed immigrants to retain their languages and customs to a greater degree C. local and state laws restricted their movements D. native-born whites had already settled the majority of America's productive farmland

B. The acquisition of new territories created disputes over the expansion of slavery

With regard to the northwestern States, to which the ordinance of 1787 was applied-Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan-no one now believes that any one of those States, if they thought proper to do it, has not just as much a right to introduce slavery within her borders as Virginia has a right to maintain the existence of slavery within hers. Then, if in this struggle of power and empire between the two classes of states a decision of California has taken place adverse to the wishes of the southern States, it is a decision not made by the General [federal] Government; it is a decision respecting which they cannot complain to the General Government. It is a decision made by California herself, and which California had incontestably a right to make under the Constitution of the United States.... The question of slavery, either of its introduction or interdiction, is silent as respects to the action of this [federal] Government; and if it has been decided, it has been by a different body-by a different power-by California herself, who had a right to make that decision." - Senator Henry Clay, speech in the United States Senate, 1850 The position expressed by Clay in the excerpt best serves as evidence of which of the following? A. The United States Senate could not agree on treaty terms with Mexico. B. The acquisition of new territories created disputes over the expansion of slavery. C. Northern politicians showed less interest in California than Southern politicians. D. Nativist groups opposed incorporating new states into the Union.