APUSH MC study guide for Period 4 ( 3 column chart, people, documents, short answer)

Erie Canal and De Witt Clinton

De Witt threw all political weight behind canal that connected Lake Erie to Hudson River; Building took 8 years "Clinton's ditch"; provided impressive revenue for NY; canal opened trade

Horace Mann

Education; Massachusetts board education

French and English seizure of U.S. Ships

France and England seized U.S. ships and sailors because U.S. remained neutral in conflict between the two; was main grievance and led to war of 1812 against British

Charles Finney

Second Great Awakening, Baptist, Methodists

David Walker

Slavery, racism equal rights, appeal inspired slave revolts, created fear among whites, influenced MLK, Malcolm X, etc.

McCulloch v Maryland

Supreme court ruled Congress had implied powers "necessary and proper" clause; state of Maryland lacked power to take; Central government's power of state's rights

David Thoreau

Transcendalists, civil disobedience, experiments

Louisiana Purchase

U.S. bought territory from France due to France's rush to sell to fight rebellion in Haiti and in British. westward expansion; manifest destiny; US acquired port of NOLA and MS river as well as lots of farming land (Jefferson)

Impressment

U.S. sailors forced to serve for British navy; war fever swept US; major cause for War of 1812

William Lloyd Garrison

Women's suffrage, slavery; Liberator (Antislavery society), Women's suffrage associations.

American Anti-Slavery Society

abolitionist society founded by William Lloyd Garrison and Arther Tappen. Fredrick Douglass was a member and leader; split over basic differences of approach in 1839; denounced constitution as supporter of slavery; caused anti-slavery to enter mainstream politics

Arthur and Lewis Tappen

abolitionist, slavery; founder of anti-slavery committee

John Humphrey Noyes

abstinence, Oneida community "free love", polygamy

Missouri Compromise

admitted Missouri as slave state and MAine as free state; banished slavery in rest of Louisiana territory; presented balance between slave and free states; created feelings of nationalism and sectionalism; was created by Henry Clay

Marbury vs Madison

case between Marbury( who wanted commission) and Madison (and Jefferson) Jude was John Marshall (federalist who was appointed by John Adams during Midnight appointees) Ruled parts of Judiciary act unconstitutional and gave judicial branch more power (which was still federalist)

Mother Ann Lee

christianity, shaker religion "jesus"

Sam Morse

communication, arts, anti-immigrants, telegraph, morse code, transatlantic cable

Declaration of Women's rights, Seneca Falls NY 1848

convention held in NY, leaders: Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott, etc "Declaration of Sentiments and Grievances" was written and resembled Declaration of Independence: marking beginning of women's suffrage movement in America

Monroe Doctrine

document saying that the U.S. didn't support Europe's colonist views and the colonization of the Americas. U.S. involvement in foreign affairs affected

Market Revolution

improvement of factories and transportation began market revolution in 19th century; helped U.S. economically; opened trade across U.S. inventions used today created

Whig Party

led by Henry Clay, was similar to modern republican party; went against Jackson and Democrats; led to two party system; tension between the two; reflected changed conditions of Jacksonian Era

Outcome of War of 1812

madison gov halted fighting; territory was returned; recognized boundary between U.S. and Canada ; gained respect; U.S. accepted Canada; federalists basically ended; talk of secession began; Indians (abandoned by British) forced to surrender land; factories built, nationalism grew

Doretha Dix

mental health, wanted better mental health hospitals and care

Joseph Smith

mormon faith, ran for president, polygamy

Brigham Young

mormon reformation, slavery; established New Zion, first governor of Utah, founded Salt Lake, BYU college named after him

Liberator

newspaper of mid-1800s about abolishing slavery; influenced more people to want to prevent slavery and remove it from south

Indian Removal Act and Trial of Tears

passed by Jackson; forced thousands of Native Americans to relocated west; Cherokees forced and 4,000 died; emphasized manifest destiny and killed a lot of native population; also showed natives were powerless against U.S.

Revolution of 1800

presidential election of Adams vs Jefferson; 1st peaceful transfer of power from one party to another (Fed to Dem) set precedent for peaceful government in US. and international community

Jefferson Embargo Act

prohibited ships from leading U.S. ports to any foreign ports; crippled economy and many merchants went bankrupt

Age of Jackson and Jackson Democracy 1828-1848

promotion of the spread of democracy for the common man; suffrage for white males; shift in power from elites to common man

Sarah Grimke

slavery, women's rights, equality of sexes

Nat Turner

slavery; led slave rebellion; led ideas of slavery ended

Harriet Beecher Stowe

slavery; uncle's tom's cabin

Jefferson and Separation of Church and state

supported separation of church and state; considered bad because politics were linked to religion; attempted state constitutions; people accused Jefferson as an atheist and devout christians saw Jefferson as dangerous

Sylvester Greenland (?)

temperance movement; abstinence movement, invented graham cracker

Ralph Waldo Emerson

transcendalism, individualism, intellectual declaration of independence, "Dial"

Cause of War of 1812

violation of US naval rights; trouble w/ British on west fronts; represented first time U.S. declared war as independent nation

Charles G. Finney and Second Great Awakening

was religious revival; US sermons often based off of emotions or fear; Finney: presbyterian minster and leader; made Baptist and Methodist more popular in South; reflected romanticism; led many more non-religious people to become religious, promoted end to slavery

Katherine Beecher

women's rights; all girls school, books

Elizabeth Stanton

women's rights; anti slavery; wrote Declaration of Sentiments, Seneca Falls, NWSA

Short Answer 3: Andrew Jackson Cartoon

In the "King Andrew" political cartoon, the artist depicts President Andrew Jackson as an abuser of executive power. The cartoon paints Jackson as an absolute monarch, similar to monarchy. It shows Jackson's veto strategy to seize power from congress. B. The cartoon shows president Jackson trampling important American documents, symbols of Native American removal, internal improvements and more. These documents were specifically chosen by the artist to show what "King Andrew" had opposed or denied during his presidency. They represent the power Jackson created for the executive branch during his administration. C. Andrew Jackson's presidential power was used to remove the federal bank during his administration. Without consent of congress, President Jackson divided up the federal bank to several state banks and got rid of the national bank during this time. This government action was an example of the power Jackson had given the executive branch at this time, giving him the name "King Andrew the first" in this cartoon.

Andrew Jackson and Bank

Jackson killed the bank and moved all federal to various state banks; gave more power to executive branch cause Jackson made the decision w/o approval of congress

Corrupt Bargain and presidential election of 1824

Jackson vs JQ Adams vs Henry Clay vs some other guy; Jackson did not receive majority in electoral votes in election of house; Clay dropped out to make Adams win and Clay got big role in Adams admin; the corrupt bargain put dark cloud over Adams presidency

Andrew Jackson's nullification

Jackson wanted state rights but not disunion; South Carolina declared increased tariff to be unconstitutional; led to continued and heated debate over amount of right's states had

Short Answer #1: The Federalists and Democratic Republicans disagreed on how to interpret and apply the principles outlined in the Constitution to the creation of the New Republic. Answer the following questions on Thomas Jefferson's interpretation of the Constitution. a) Cite and explain ONE example of Jefferson's strict interpretation of the Constitution in the period between 1789 and 1808. b) Cite and explain ONE example of Jefferson's loose interpretation of the Constitution in the period between 1789 and 1808. c) Cite evidence and explain the impact of Jefferson's interpretation and application of the US Constitution.

WHAT I SAID: A. Thomas Jefferson had a strict interpretation of the U.S. Constitution during his time as secretary of state for President Washington. Jefferson and federalists leader Alexander Hamilton had many heated debates over the national bank and if the Constitution allowed it. Jefferson believed it did not allow the government power to do this while Hamilton argued that the "necessary and proper" clause gave the power to create a national ban. Political factions began to form as a result of differing views between Hamilton and Jefferson. B. During Jefferson's presidency, France offered the U.S. the vast Louisiana territory, including the port of New Orleans. Jefferson believed the port of New Orleans was needed for the U.S. economy, however the Constitution did not give the president specific power to purchase foreign lands. Therefore, Jefferson had to set aside his strict interpretation for the good of the country. C. After President John Adams passed both the Alien and Sedition acts, Jefferson secretly wrote a document allowing states to nullify federal laws. This was known as the Kentucky Resolution. However, during his presidency, Jefferson denied representation to the people of New Orleans after the transfer of power from France to the US.

Using the except, answer a, b, c Briefly explain the significance of Marshall's opinion presented as Jefferson became the third president of the United States. Briefly explain how two of the following people would either support or question Marshall's view. William Marbury, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton

WHAT I SAID: A. John Marshall, a federalist supreme court chief justice who was one of John Adam's midnight appointees, decide the ruling of Marbury v Madison case. Marbury wanted his commission from the government while Jefferson and Madison believed he did not have the right to it. During this case, Marshall ruled that parts of the Judiciary Act of 1789 was unconstitutional and this led to the judicial branch having the power to review congressional action. B. John Adams would have supported this ruling because he wanted a federalist judge to offset the democratic-republican president and congress. He had appointed Marshall to hep his view on a strong central government. Thomas Jefferson would have opposed the ruling because it would give the Federalists more power. This contradicted Jefferson's believe that power resides in the states.