APUSH midterm review

The Democratic-Republicans' enthusiasm for the French Revolution

"And what would the reader say, were I to tell him of a Member of Congress, who wished to see one of these murderous machines employed for lopping off the heads of the French, permanent in the State-house yard of the city of Philadelphia?"

A hope held by some in government that American Indians would adopt lifestyles

"Article 2: [T]he United States now solemnly agrees that no persons... shall ever be permitted to pass over, settle upon, or reside in... this reservation for the use of said Indians. "Article 6: If any individual belonging to said tribes of Indians, or legally incorporated with them, being the head of a family, shall desire to commence farming, he shall have the privilege to select...a tract of land within said reservation, not exceeding three hundred and twenty acres in extent. "Article 11: [T]he tribes who are parties to this agreement hereby stipulate that they will relinquish all right to occupy permanently the territory outside their reservations . . . but yet reserve the right to hunt on any lands north of North Platte, and on the Republican Fork of the Smoky Hill river, so long as the buffalo may range thereon in such numbers as to justify the chase. . . . They will withdraw all opposition to the construction of the railroads now being built on the plains. . . . They will not attack any persons at home, or travelling, nor molest or disturb any wagon trains, coaches, mules, or cattle belonging to the people of the United States." Second Treaty of Fort Laramie, agreed between the United States government and various bands of the Sioux nation, 1868

The emergence of a national culture

"Free should the scholar be,—free and brave. . . . We have listened too long to the courtly muses of Europe. . . . We will walk on our own feet; we will work with our own hands; we will speak our own minds. Then shall man be no longer a name for pity, for doubt, and for sensual indulgence. . . . A nation of men will for the first time exist." Ralph Waldo Emerson, transcendentalist writer, 1837 Emerson's remarks in the excerpt most directly reflected which of the following developments during the early nineteenth century?

the relationship between the federal government and state governments.

"If any one proposition could command the universal assent of mankind, we might expect it would be this: that the government of the Union, though limited in its powers, is supreme within its sphere of action. This would seem to result necessarily from its nature. It is the government of all; its powers are delegated by all; it represents all, and acts for all. Though any one State may be willing to control its operations, no State is willing to allow others to control them. The nation, on those subjects on which it can act, must necessarily bind its component parts.... Although, among the enumerated powers of government, we do not find the word 'bank' or 'incorporation,' we find the great powers to lay and collect taxes; to borrow money; to regulate commerce; to declare and conduct a war; and to raise and support armies and navies...a government, intrusted with such ample powers...must also be instructed with ample means for their execution....We are unanimously of opinion, that the law passed by the legislature of Maryland, imposing a tax on the Bank of the United States, is unconstitutional and void." Chief Justice John Marshall, McCullough v. Maryland, 1819 The ideas expressed in the excerpt above can best be understood in the context of debates over

European precedents along with an American national culture

"It is not only important, but, in a degree necessary, that the people of this country, should have an American Dictionary of the English language; for, although the body of the language is the same as in England, . . . yet some differences must exist. Language is the expression of ideas; and if the people of one country cannot preserve an identity of ideas, they cannot retain an identity of language. . . . But the principal differences between the people of this country and of all others, arise from different forms of government, different laws, institutions and customs. Thus the . . . feudal system of England originated terms which formed . . . a necessary part of the language of that country; but, in the United States, many of these terms are no part of our present language,—and they cannot be, for the things which they express do not exist in this country. . . . The institutions in this country which are new and peculiar, give rise to new terms or to new applications of old terms, unknown to the people of England; which cannot be explained by them and which will not be inserted in their dictionaries, unless copied from ours. . . . No person in this country will be satisfied with the English definitions of the words congress, senate, and assembly, court, [etc.] for although these are words used in England, yet they are applied in this country to express ideas which they do not express in that country." Noah Webster, "Preface," An American Dictionary of the English Language, 1828 The national identity described in the excerpt most strongly reflects the influence of which of the following?

The growing tendency among Southern slaveholders to justify slavery as a positive good

"Still, though a slaveholder, I freely acknowledge my obligations as a man; and I am bound to treat humanely the fellow creatures whom God has entrusted to my charge. ... It is certainly in the interest of all, and I am convinced it is the desire of every one of us, to treat our slaves with proper kindness." — Letter from former South Carolina governor James Henry Hammond, 1845 "Standing with God and the crushed and bleeding slave on this occasion, I will, in the name of humanity which is outraged, in the name of Liberty which is fettered, in the name of the constitution and Bible, which are disregarded and trampled upon, dare to call in question and denounce ... slavery 'the great sin and shame of America'!" — Frederick Douglass, speech titled "The Meaning of July Fourth for the Negro," 1852 The excerpt from James Henry Hammond is most clearly an example of which of the following developments in the mid-19th century?

slaves lived better than northern factory workers

"We do not know whether free laborers ever sleep. . . . The free laborer must work or starve. He is more of a slave than the negro, because he works longer and harder for less allowance than the slave, and has no holiday, because the cares of life with him begin when its labors end. He has no liberty, and not a single right." George Fitzhugh, Cannibals All! or, Slaves Without Masters, 1857 The excerpt above reflects the common argument in the antebellum South that

The secession of most Southern states

"We, therefore, the people of the State of South Carolina, in convention assembled, do declare and ordain... that the several acts and parts of acts of the Congress of the United States, purporting to be laws for the imposing of duties and imposts on the importation of foreign commodities...are unauthorized by the Constitution of the United States, and violate the true meaning and intent thereof and are null, void, and no law, nor binding upon this State...." South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification, 1832 Arguments similar to those expressed in the excerpt were later employed to justify which of the following?

The encomienda and slavery systems both contributed to which of the following developments?

. The Spanish developed a race-based caste system that defined the status of Europeans, Native Americans, Africans, and people of mixed race in their colonies.

imposition of new taxes on the British North American colonies

A major consequence of the French and Indian War of 1754-1763 was the

the development of a strict racial system in British colonial societies

A significant long-term result of the major pattern depicted on the map was

Whether you are or are not, entitled to all the rights of citizenship in this country has long been a matter of dispute to your prejudice. By enlisting in the service of your country at this trial hour, and upholding the National Flag, you stop the mouths of [cynics] and win applause even from the iron lips of ingratitude. Enlist and you make this your country in common with all other men born in the country or out of it. . . . He who fights the battles of America may claim America as his country—and have that claim respected. Thus in defending your country now against rebels and traitors you are defending your own liberty, honor, manhood and self-respect. . . . . . . [H]istory shall record the names of heroes and martyrs who bravely answered the call of patriotism and Liberty—against traitors, thieves and assassins—let it not be said that in the long list of glory, composed of men of all nations—there appears the name of no colored man." Frederick Douglass, excerpt from an editorial, April 1863 Which of the following best explains Douglass' point of view in the excerpt?

African American enlistment would enable the Union Army to prevail in the Civil War.

As Spanish labor demands grew, the labor source for imperial production transitioned to

African slaves

As Spanish labor demands grew, the labor source for imperial production transitioned to

African slaves.

Slavery

After ratification, constitutional compromises remained the most controversial in which area?

favoring the interests of the propertied and monied classes

Alexander Hamilton's domestic and foreign policies were directed primarily toward strengthening the federal government by

The Columbian Exchange (Cultural Diffusion) refers to:

All of the above

passage of the Wilmot Proviso

All of the following contributed to Northern fear of a slave power conspiracy in the 1840s and 1850s EXCEPT the

Most soldiers were draftees

All of the following contributed to discontent among soldiers in the Continental Army EXCEPT:

the unanimous support of all of the major patriot leaders and founding fathers.

All of the following contributed to the ratification of the Constitution EXCEPT

massive exodus of former slaves from the South

All of the following led Congress to impose Radical Reconstruction measures EXCEPT the

. The encomienda system primarily relied on labor from

American Indians

enunciation of the doctrine of nullification

An important consequence of the "tariff of abominations" (1828) is that it led to the

the right of nullification

Andrew Jackson supported all of the following EXCEPT

concentrated too much power in the hands of a few people

Andrew Jackson vetoed the recharter of the Bank of the United States partly because he believed that the bank

The Lewis and Clarke expedition did all of the following EXCEPT-

Antagonise Russia, Spain, and England

the Monroe Doctrine.

Antebellum era reform movements such as abolitionism, temperance, and women's rights had their origins in all of the following EXCEPT

"I do not belong, said Mr. [Calhoun], to the school which holds that aggression is to be met by concession. . . . If we concede an inch, concession would follow concession—compromise would follow compromise, until our ranks would be so broken that effectual resistance would be impossible. . . . ". . . A large portion of the Northern States believed slavery to be a sin, and would believe it to be an obligation of conscience to abolish it if they should feel themselves in any degree responsible for its continuance. . . . ". . . Abolition and the Union cannot coexist. As the friend of the Union, I openly proclaim it—and the sooner it is known the better. The former may now be controlled, but in a short time it will be beyond the power of man to arrest the course of events. We of the South will not, cannot, surrender our institutions. To maintain the existing relations between the two races, inhabiting that section of the Union, is indispensable to the peace and happiness of both. . . . But let me not be understood as admitting, even by implication, that the existing relations between the two races in the slaveholding States is an evil—far otherwise; I hold it to be a good, as it has thus far proved itself to be to both, and will continue to prove so if not disturbed by the fell spirit of abolition." Source: South Carolina senator John C. Calhoun, speech in the United States Senate, 1837. The ideas expressed by John C. Calhoun and others who shared his views on slavery had which of the following effects on emerging abolitionist movements in the years leading up to the Civil War?

As many people came to see slavery as part of the Southern way of life, attitudes on both sides of the slavery argument hardened so that political compromise became difficult.

Most archaeologists and historians believe that the first peoples who colonized the Americas came from

Asia

The South's superior industrial resources would give it an advantage over the North.

At the beginning of the Civil War, Southerners expressed all of the following expectations EXCEPT:

Who did Jefferson fight in Africa?

Barbary Pirates

Increased smuggling

Before 1750, what was the most frequent reaction of British colonists in North America to increased trade regulations and a growing mistrust of England's commitment to support the colonies?

port cities

Boston and New Orleans were both founded as —

Which answer is in chronological order?

Burning of DC, Battle of Lake Champlain, Treaty of Ghent, Battle of New Orleans

the Enlightenment.

Colonial intellectual resistance to 18th-century British imperial control was often based on

"I do not belong, said Mr. [Calhoun], to the school which holds that aggression is to be met by concession. . . . If we concede an inch, concession would follow concession—compromise would follow compromise, until our ranks would be so broken that effectual resistance would be impossible. . . . ". . . A large portion of the Northern States believed slavery to be a sin, and would believe it to be an obligation of conscience to abolish it if they should feel themselves in any degree responsible for its continuance. . . . ". . . Abolition and the Union cannot coexist. As the friend of the Union, I openly proclaim it—and the sooner it is known the better. The former may now be controlled, but in a short time it will be beyond the power of man to arrest the course of events. We of the South will not, cannot, surrender our institutions. To maintain the existing relations between the two races, inhabiting that section of the Union, is indispensable to the peace and happiness of both. . . . But let me not be understood as admitting, even by implication, that the existing relations between the two races in the slaveholding States is an evil—far otherwise; I hold it to be a good, as it has thus far proved itself to be to both, and will continue to prove so if not disturbed by the fell spirit of abolition." Source: South Carolina senator John C. Calhoun, speech in the United States Senate, 1837. Which of the following resulted from arguments made by Southern politicians, such as the one in the excerpt, in the years prior to the Civil War?

Congress passed legislation guaranteeing slavery in the South to show that the slave system was not threatened.

Which of the following was NOT a provision of Hamilton's financial plan?

Consolidating states' debts

Since the 15th and 16th centuries, what has been the most enduring legacy from Spanish conquest

Converts to Christianity

In his inaugural address, Abraham Lincoln-

Declared secession illegal

Which of the following contributed most to the expansion of the transatlantic slave trade during the 1700s?

Demand for slaves in the industrialized American colonies

spread of sharecropping

During Reconstruction, a major economic development in the South was the

Tobacco

During the 17th century, which of the following was the primary cash crop of the Chesapeake colonies?

rebelling openly, using weapons, and planning confrontations

During the 1800s the most common form of resistance to slavery by slaves themselves was

Irish and Germans

During the 1840s and 1850s, which set of immigrant groups arrived in unprecedented numbers, resulting in a nativist backlash in popular culture?

facilitate the purchase of arms and borrowing of money from other nations

During the War for Independence, the principal reason the American government sought diplomatic recognition from foreign powers was to

of intense religious zeal created during the Second Great Awakening

During the first half of the nineteenth century, the central and western areas of New York were known as the "burned-over district" because

Which European country had the least significant presence in the Western Hemisphere during the

England

What was the period that called for an increase in science and medicine, which promoted higher

Enlightenment

Which court cases set the precedent of states not being allowed to pass legislation to invalidate a private contract?

Fletcher v. Peck

the defeat of the British General Burgoyne at Saratoga

France negotiated a treaty of alliance with the new American nation in 1778 following

What is gained by the Louisiana Purchase?

Full Control of the Mississippi River and New Orleans

Which of the following European nations was NOT involved in exploration of the New World?

Germany

Which court cases set the precedent of federal supremacy with regards to state courts handling constitutional issues?

Gibbons v. Ogden

What economic plan wanted to raise tariffs, use federal money for roads, and strengthen the federal bank?

Henry Clay's American System

mercantilism.

Historians describe the colonial system of the European "mother country," regulating trade of its manufactured goods in exchange for raw materials from its North American colonies, as

the growing power of poor Southern Whites who resisted planter dominance and sought to abolish slavery

Historians have argued that all of the following were causes of the Civil War EXCEPT

Which of the following livestock introduced by the Spanish had the greatest impact on Great Plains

Horses

Which of the following was an outcome of the Columbian Exchange?

Horses and smallpox were introduced in

By preventing colonists from trading with most other foreign countries

How did mercantilist policies create tension between Great Britain and the colonies?

American industries expanded to provide replacements for foreign goods.

How did the disruption in Atlantic shipping prior to and during the War of 1812 significantly affect the U.S. economy?

Earliest migrants to North America were required to adapt to which initial environmental challenge?

Ice and glaciers

preserve the Union

In 1861 the North went to war with the South primarily to

Alcohol

In addition to deadlier weapons, which European trade good had the most destructive effect on American Indian communities?

protecting legislation guaranteeing civil rights to former slaves

In adopting the Fourteenth Amendment, Congress was primarily concerned with

Spain.

In the 1790s, the United States successfully negotiated free navigation of the Mississippi River with

fewer European immigrants

In the 1850's, the South differed from the North in that the South had

Immigrants from western Europe

In the 1850s, which of the following groups would have been most likely to benefit from the changes depicted on the maps?

an increased fear of slave revolts in the South

In the United States, the Haitian rebellion of the 1790's prompted

able to accumulate some property in spite of discrimination

In the antebellum period, free African Americans were

disrupted the existing French-Indian fur trade.

In the decades before the American Revolution, the English colonial westward movement

young unmarried women from rural New England

In the early 1830's, the majority of workers in the textile mills of Massachusetts were

the low price and easy availability of land

In the eighteenth century, British colonists wishing to settle west of the Appalachians were principally motivated by

African Americans' voting rights guaranteed by the Fifteenth Amendment

In the late nineteenth century, state governments in the South were largely successful in restricting

The expansion of white male suffrage

In which of the following areas were political debates LEAST affected by regional and sectional differences in the first half of the 19th century?

What was the most important 15th- and 16th-century goal of Spanish conquest and exploration as

Increased wealth of Spain

In which area did the Federalists and Democratic-Republicans most agree?

Indian policy

Pre-Columbian Southwest Indians were most noted for which environmental transformation practice?

Irrigation

*Fundamental Orders Of Connecticut* Which statement best describes the influence of this document?

It established the concept of unalienable rights.

Which of the following was an outcome of the American Revolution?

It inspired a number of other independence movements.

What did the treaty of Tordesillas establish?

It provided all lands to the west of the line of demarcation to Portugal and all trading rights to the east to Spain

political participation by the common man should be increased

Jacksonian Democracy was distinguished by the belief that

The free and forced migration of peoples across the continent

Map of Slave Populations in 1820 and 1860 Nancy A. Hewitt and Steven F. Lawson, Exploring American Histories, Bedford/St. Martin's, p. 298. Reprinted by permission. The maps above most clearly demonstrate which of the following antebellum-era historical processes?

landscapes

Members of the Hudson River School were best known for their paintings of

urban areas of the North

Most of the Irish immigrants who came to the United States following the potato famine of the 1840s settled in

possible British recognition of the Confederacy

Of the following, the most threatening problem for the Union from 1861 through 1863 was

experienced military leadership

On the eve of the Civil War, the South enjoyed an advantage over the North in

increased political power the South was able to wield in Congress.

One impact of the widespread cultivation of cotton and other cash crops in the South was the

faith in human capacity to achieve a better life on earth through conscious acts of will

Perfectionism in the mid-nineteenth century is best defined as

allowed the United States to use the port of New Orleans

Pinckney's Treaty with Spain is considered a diplomatic highlight of Washington's administration because it

Which 15th-century European country dominated the African slave trade?

Portugal

French diplomatic overtures to invoke the Franco-American Alliance

President Washington's Neutrality Proclamation of 1793 was issues in response to

Aaron Burr-

Ran for president, tried to steal Mexico, encouraged New England to secede

Which of the following was not a native crop from the Americas that stimulated trade and/or

Rice

eventually established colonies based primarily on agriculture.

Seventeenth- and eighteenth-century English colonization differed from the Spanish, Dutch, and French because England

trade alliances centering on the fur trade.

Seventeenth- and eighteenth-century French and Dutch colonial relationships with American Indians were based primarily on

debt-ridden farmers attacked courts in western Massachusetts

Shays' Rebellion frightened many Americans when

Considered "contrabands of war"

Slaves who ran away toward Union troops were

Which deadly epidemic most devastated Mexican natives and was the subject of numerous 15th- and 16th-century primary accounts of disease?

Smallpox

led to the emergence of strict racial categories in colonial society.

Starting in the early 18th century, some southern British colonies adopted slave codes from Barbados that

Which Old World crop introduced by the Spanish most dramatically increased demand for African slaves in the Caribbean?

Sugar

Most White families owned slaves.

Support for slavery in the Southern states was based on all of the following reasons EXCEPT

Most White families owned slaves.

Support for slavery in the Southern states was based on all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

rate at which one slave counted toward congressional representation

The "Three-Fifths Compromise" originally contained in the Constitution referred to the

ease popular fears of an imminent war with France by quieting public criticism and opening direct negotiations with the French government.

The Alien and Sedition Acts did all of the following EXCEPT

prohibiting amendments to the original articles.

The Articles of Confederation suffered from all of the following weaknesses EXCEPT

the difficulty of effectively enslaving native peoples.

The Atlantic slave trade grew dramatically in the 18th century because of

British Impressment of sailors

The Embargo Acts and the War of 1812 were similar in that both events dealt with a conflict involving the

The Compromise of 1850

The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 was most similar in intent to which of the following earlier legislative initiatives?

France.

The Louisiana Territory was purchased from

set aside large reservations for Indian tribes in the area, guaranteeing a generation of mostly peaceful relations with American Indians.

The Northwest Ordinance of 1787, considered by many to be the greatest success of the Articles of Confederation Congress apart from the Declaration of Independence, did all of the following EXCEPT

Parliament's decision to punish the colonies for their refusal to pay taxes.

The Proclamation of 1763 prohibiting colonial migration west of the Appalachian Mountains resulted from all of the following EXCEPT

"Joseph Smith... came from nowhere. Reared in a poor Yankee farm family, he had less than two years of formal schooling and began life without social standing or institutional backing. His family rarely attended church. Yet in the fourteen years he headed the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Smith created a religious culture that survived his death, flourished in the most desolate regions of the United States, and continues to grow worldwide....In 1830 at the age of twenty-four, he published the Book of Mormon....He built cities and temples and gathered thousands of followers before he was killed at age thirty-eight." Richard Lyman Bushman, historian, Joseph Smith Rough Stone Rolling: A Cultural Biography of Mormonism's Founder, 2005 The developments described in the excerpt best illustrate which of the following?

The Second Great Awakening

self-govern on a local level

The Virginia Company authorized a general assembly in Virginia so that colonists could —

demonstrated the challenges America faced as result of the French Revolution and the spread of its ideals.

The XYZ Affair, Sedition Act, and Convention of 1800

"The great increase of drunkenness, within the last half century, among the people of the United States, led a number of philanthropic individuals . . . to consult together, upon the duty of making more united, systematic, and extended efforts for the prevention of this evil. Its cause was at once seen to be, the use of intoxicating liquor; and its appropriate remedy, abstinence. It was also known, that the use of such liquor, as a beverage, is not only needless, but injurious to the health, the virtue, and the happiness of men. It was believed, that the facts which had been . . . collected would prove this . . . ; and that if the knowledge of them were universally disseminated it would, with the divine blessing, do much toward changing the habits of the nation. . . . [The American Temperance Society's] object is . . . the exertion of kind moral influence . . . to effect such a change of sentiment and practice, that drunkenness and all its evils will cease." Introduction to a book of reports from the American Temperance Society, 1835 Which of the following evidence was used by the American Temperance Society in the excerpt to explain why people would join the temperance movement?

The abstention from alcohol would extend American life expectancy.

the draft riots in New York City

The belief by some Americans that the Civil War was "a rich man's war but a poor man's fight" was reflected in

Which of the following factors best explains the territorial expansion of slavery in the middle of the nineteenth century?

The belief in Manifest Destiny encouraged settlers to move to the West.

William Lloyd Garrison in The Liberator

The call for the "immediate and uncompensated emancipation of the slaves" is associated with the position of

willingness of abolitionists to use violence to achieve their goals.

The cartoon above is best understood in the context of the

support for strong government

The cartoon above is intended to express

religious freedom

The colonies in this list were founded primarily to offer settlers a greater degree of —

Increased geographical mobility aided travel to new regions and the sharing of ideas.

The development of the Second Great Awakening can best be linked to which of the following historical situations?

Which of the following was a major difference between the encomienda system and slave labor in the Spanish

The encomienda system exploited the labor of Native Americans, whereas slavery more typically extracted labor from enslaved Africans.

Which of the following DID NOT contribute to the ending of impressment for any amount of time?

The end of the NapoleonicWars

The steam engine

The expansion of the U.S. transportation network by 1837, as shown in the map above, benefited MOST from which of the following technological advances?

growth of representative government in the British colonies

The factors listed above contributed most to the

Commerce and industry would decline as the nation expanded its agricultural base.

The idea of Manifest Destiny included all of the following beliefs EXCEPT:

The names on this map best reflect which of the following?

The influence of Spanish colonial heritage on the United States

Which of the following statements about the population of North America at the time of Christopher Columbus' voyages is supported by the map above?

The most densely populated regions of North America would eventually become part of New France

the fur trade.

The most economically profitable commerce between European colonies in North America and native populations between the 16th and 18th centuries was based on

"The American Republicans of the city and county of Philadelphia, who are determined to support the NATIVE [White, Protestant] AMERICANS in their Constitutional Rights of peaceably assembling to express their opinions on any question of Public Policy, and to SUSTAIN THEM AGAINST THE ASSAULTS OF ALIENS AND FOREIGNERS are requested to assemble on MONDAY AFTERNOON, May 6th, 1844 at 4 o'clock, at the corner of Master and Second street, Kensington [a section of Philadelphia], to express their indignation [anger] at the outrage on Friday evening last, which was perpetrated by the Irish Catholics." Text from a poster announcing a meeting of the American Republican Party, later renamed the American Party, Philadelphia, 1844 Which of the following historical situations can best be used to explain how the excerpt would have been interpreted at the time?

The rise in immigration to the United States

begin planning the division of federal lands into new states

The rough map above was used by Thomas Jefferson to

Engraving of sugar production on a plantation in the Spanish Caribbean, 1595, Theodor de Bry Developments such as that depicted in the image most directly led to which of the following?

The spread of Spanish missionaries into portions of Florida

Which of the following was true of the Northeast American Indian tribes at the time Europeans first began colonization?

Their political and linguistic differences hindered their united opposition to the Europeans

Which reason best completes this list

To claim new territory

America trying to avoid European conflicts

Washington's Proclamation of Neutrality (1793), Jefferson's Embargo Act (1807), and the Monroe Doctrine (1823) were all effects of-

The overcultivation of arable land in the Southeast

What contributed most to the process illustrated in the maps above?

Marbury v. Madison

What court case set the precedent of Judicial Review?

They illustrated attempts by the federal government to assert greater control over the states and the resistance those attempts created.

What did the Hartford Convention, Virginia and Kentucky Acts, and some Marshall Court decisions all have in common?

They were driven by efforts to exploit the nation's natural resources.

What did the forced relocation of American Indians and the internal slave trade both have in common?

Treaty of Ghent

What ended the War of 1812?

Chesapeake-Leopard Affair

What event is an antecedent to the Embargo Act?

Democrats and Republicans

What political parties were in effect during the election of 1824

Embargo Act

What prohibited trade with any other country?

Embargo Act

What promised to embargo a countrie's enemy if they promised the US neutrality at sea?

England

Which 18th-century European nation's settlers most categorically rejected North American Indian culture, inginuity, and worldviews?

The Great Awakening

Which 18th-century religious movement in the British colonies most clearly signified growing religious independence, diversity, and uniqueness?

Massachusetts

Which American colony's economy was based primarily on shipbuilding and fishing?

Virginia

Which British North American colony violently confronted the Powhatan Indians and justified their actions by their strong belief in their racial and cultural superiority?

2: Moderate

Which characteristic is correctly matched with a number in the table?

Maryland

Which colony correctly completes this diagram?

Maryland

Which colony in the mid-17th century passed legislation protecting the rights of Catholic colonists to worship freely?

Gibbons v. Ogden

Which court cases set the precedent of federal supremacy with regards to interstate travel?

The distance of the colonies from Great Britain

Which factor most contributed to the creation of the documents in this list?

Pennsylvania

Which mid-Atlantic British colony was noted for its promotion of religious freedom, good relations with local Indians, and Quaker idealism?

John Locke—natural rights

Which of the following Enlightenment thinkers is correctly matched?

It encouraged women to instill virtue and civic values into their sons.

Which of the following best describes "republican motherhood"?

The alliances were shifting, complex, and fragile.

Which of the following best describes American Indian alliances with North American colonies during the 17th and early 18th centuries?

Continued debates over the proper role of the federal government

Which of the following best explains the cause of the emergence of new political parties in the early nineteenth century?

The Executive Elections Compromise, which created an indirect election of the president through the Electoral College.

Which of the following compromises at the constitutional convention was LEAST likely the result of regional and sectional differences in the United States?

Demand for slaves in the American colonies that produced cash crops

Which of the following contributed most to the expansion of the transatlantic slave trade during the 1700s?

Frustration over the British government's refusal to send troops to protect the colonies from Indian attacks

Which of the following contributed the LEAST to the growing colonial sentiment toward independence in the 1770s?

The United States was able to reassert sovereignty over its existing western lands and remove Britain's military presence.

Which of the following correctly characterizes the War of 1812?

More enslaved Africans were brought to the Carolinas and Georgia than to Virginia and Maryland.

Which of the following describes a trend shown in the graph of the regional distribution of the slave trade before the American Revolution? Pick "More enslaved Africans"

The Democrats

Which of the following early American political parties most vocally championed the "common man," welcomed immigrants, and benefitted from the expansion of voting rights to most white males?

Shays' Rebellion

Which of the following exposed the inability of the federal government under the Articles of Confederation to put down civil unrest and prompted calls for a new, stronger central government?

The English

Which of the following groups of colonial settlers largely avoided intermarriage or cross-racial sexual unions with native populations?

Salutary neglect

Which of the following is NOT an example of England exerting greater control over its North American colonies?

The Declaratory Act—reasserted the supremacy of the British king over the colonies

Which of the following is NOT correctly identified?

Jay's Treaty—the British promised to abandon their forts in the Northwest, which averted a possible war with England

Which of the following is properly matched?

Puritans: To freely practice their religion

Which of the following names the group best known for settling this region and states their reason for settling?

The southernmost Atlantic colonies

Which of the following regions had the longest growing seasons, primarily cultivated rice and indigo, and had a majority African slave population?

Stamp Act, Committees of Correspondence, Boston Tea Party, Intolerable Acts

Which of the following set of historical events is in the correct chronological order?

The heightened isolation of rural Americans

Which of the following was NOT a result of antebellum technological innovations such as textile machinery, the steam engine, the telegraph, and the use of interchangeable parts?

The economic demands of the plantation system

Which of the following was a major reason for the flow of the transatlantic trade shown on the map?

Quakers argued that slavery violated Christian principles.

Which of the following was an argument made against slavery in the Thirteen Colonies?

The American Colonization Society

Which person or group most strongly advocated sending enslaved blacks to Africa as an answer to the problem of slavery?

Natural harbors, an arid climate, and rocky soil

Which physical characteristics made these economic activities possible?

The middle colonies

Which region of the British North American colonies, nicknamed the "bread colonies," was the most ethnically, religiously, and demographically diverse?

The Puritans developed a form of representative self-government.

Which sentence best completes this diagram

Plymouth was founded as a refuge from religious persecution, while Jamestown was founded for commercial profit.

Which statement accurately describes the reasons for establishing Plymouth and Jamestown?

Abigail Adams

Who famously admonished her husband to "remember the ladies"?

Nathaniel Bacon

Who led the landless freeman's revolt, challenging the Native American's land holdings as well as the Virginia Government for power?

laissez-faire, or hands-off.

With the exception of the Dominion of New England, British governmental oversight of the North American colonies prior to 1750 was

Thomas Paine's Common Sense was

a widely read criticism of continued British rule of the colonies.

Encomienda labor focused most on

agriculture.

The 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act instituted popular sovereignty to

allow people living in a territory to determine whether slavery should be permitted there

Spanish mineral wealth from the Americas caused a shift toward

capitalism

Which pair of actions best completes this graphic?

d. 1—Promoted political freedom 2—Participated in the triangular trade

The journeys of Henry Hudson, Christopher Columbus, and Robert de LaSalle to the New World were made

development of new navigational instruments and technology

A significant result of the Mexican-American War of 1846-1848 was that the United States

experienced increasing tension over the issue of slavery

Early European explorers who came to the "New World" wew looking for a Northwest Passage in order to-

find a shorter route to Asia

"It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth." Abraham Lincoln, Gettysburg Address, November 1863 Lincoln's main purpose in the excerpt was to

gain continued support for the war effort

The outbreak of the Protestant Reformation in 1517

increased tension between Europe's nation-states and accelerated the pace of exploration.

Sextant technology revolutionized

international trade and exploration

The most important factor that enabled the Spanish to conquer native peoples in Mexico and New Spain in the sixteenth century was the

introduction of European diseases to which native peoples were not resistant

Sixteenth- through nineteenth-century North American Indians most resisted European beliefs about

land ownership

Fifteenth- and sixteenth-century Spanish exploration and conquest created a racially mixed culture

mestizo

The Black Codes passed in a number of southern states after the Civil War were intended to

place limits on the socioeconomic opportunities open to Black people

Before the arrival of Europeans, Great Basin and Western Plains Indians

responded to a lack of resources by developing mobile lifestyles

Members of the American (Know-Nothing) Party of the 1850s typically supported

restrictions on Catholics' holding public office

*we owe allegiance to no crown* The painting above is best understood in the context of

the emergence of a new national culture

The Hartford Convention led to what outcomes?

the end of the Federalist Party, 2/3 vote required for declarations of war

In northeastern North America before European contact, the Iroquois developed the tradition of

the longhouse.

Over the centuries, the most effective means of "civilizing" natives to Spanish culture was

the mission system

Five of the thirteen states voted for ratification of the Constitution only after

they were assured that a Bill of Rights would be added shortly after ratification

Life, Liberty, Pursuit of Happiness This list includes rights that are considered —

unalienable

The Alien and Sedition Acts were designed to

weaken and deflect Democratic-Republican criticism of the Federalists