APUSH~ period 4

Which of the following describes "the Lowell system" in early nineteenth-century New England? a. A plan to promote and expand textile manufacturing activities b. An agreement among the New England states to secede and for a New England confederacy c. A reform eliminating property-holding as a qualification for voting d. A strategy to defend New England during the War of 1812 e. A congressional reappointment plan during the 1820's

a. A plan to promote and expand textile manufacturing activities

"I conceive there lies a clear rule... that the elder women should instruct the younger and then I must have a time wherein I must do it. "If any come to my house to be instructed in the ways of God what rule have I to put them away?" "The power of the Holy Spirit dwelleth perfectly in every believer, and the inward revelations of her own spirit, and the conscious judgment of her own mind are of authority paramount to any word of God." Anne Hutchinson, 1630s Question The emphasis on personal salvation, which Hutchinson articulated in the 1630s, was most strongly echoed in which later movement? a. Second Great Awakening in the 1830s b. Social Gospel in the 1890s c. Anticommunism in the 1950s d. New conservatism in the 1980s

a. Second Great Awakening in the 1830s

"The creation of a home market is not only necessary to procure for our agriculture a just reward of its labors, but it is indispensable to obtain a supply of our necessary wants. . . . Suppose no actual abandonment of farming, but, what is most likely, a gradual and imperceptible employment of population in the business of manufacturing, instead of being compelled to resort to agriculture. . . . Is any part of our common country likely to be injured by a transfer of the theatre of [manufacturing] for our own consumption from Europe to America? ". . . Suppose it were even true that Great Britain had abolished all restrictions upon trade, and allowed the freest introduction of the [products] of foreign labor, would that prove it unwise for us to adopt the protecting system? The object of protection is the establishment and perfection of the [manufacturing] arts. In England it, has accomplished its purpose, fulfilled its end. . . . The adoption of the restrictive system, on the part of the United States, by excluding the [products] of foreign labor, would extend the [purchasing] of American [products], unable, in the infancy and unprotected state of the arts, to sustain a competition with foreign fabrics. Let our arts breathe under the shade of protection; let them be perfected as they are in England, and [then] we shall be ready . . . to put aside protection, and enter upon the freest exchanges." Henry Clay, speaker of the House of Representatives, speech in Congress, 1824 Question The excerpt could best be used by historians studying which of the following in the early 1800s? a. The political debates over economic development b. The lives of women working in new factories c. The effects of new technologies on commerce d. The value of British-manufactured imports

a. The political debates over economic development

"Resolved, That woman is man's equal.... "Resolved, That woman has too long rested satisfied in the circumscribed limits which corrupt customs... have marked out for her, and that it is time she should move in the enlarged sphere... assigned her. "Resolved, That it is the duty of the women of this country to secure to themselves their sacred right to the elective franchise. "Resolved,... That, being invested by the Creator with the same capabilities, and the same consciousness of responsibility for their exercise, it is demonstrably the right and duty of woman, equally with man, to promote every righteous cause, by every righteous means." Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions (Seneca Falls Convention), 1848 Question In the decades following the Civil War, the woman's rights movement that began at Seneca Falls focused its energies most strongly on a. achieving the right to vote b. receiving equal pay for equal work c. ending domestic violence d. gaining equal access to higher education

a. achieving the right to vote

The Monroe Doctrine maintained that Responses a. all nations and states in the Americas were territories of the United States b. European powers should not pursue any future colonization in the Americas c. Cuba, Texas, and Puerto Rico were protectorates of the United States d. Haiti would be established as a colony to be settled by formerly enslaved people from the United States e. the United States Congress could overrule the president's foreign policy initiatives in Latin America

b. European powers should not pursue any future colonization in the Americas

"To turn the administration of our civic affairs wholly over to men may mean that the American city will continue to push forward in its commercial and industrial development, and continue to lag behind in those things which make a city healthful and beautiful. . . . If women have in any sense been responsible for the gentler side of life which softens and blurs some of its harsher conditions, may they not have a duty to perform in our American cities? . . . [I]f woman would fulfill her traditional responsibility to her own children; if she would educate and protect from danger factory children who must find their recreation on the street . . . then she must bring herself to the use of the ballot—that latest implement for self-government." Jane Addams, "Why Women Should Vote," Ladies' Home Journal, 1910 Question Addams' ideas expressed in the excerpt have most in common with which of the following historical views about women? Responses a. The seventeenth-century Puritan belief that women must be governed by their husbands and fathers b. The belief of some mid-nineteenth-century reformers that women could act as the moral voice in society c. The argument of some nineteenth-century advice books that women's sphere was restricted to the home and family d. The rejection of traditional gender roles by feminists in the mid-twentieth century

b. The belief of some mid-nineteenth-century reformers that women could act as the moral voice in society

"The Erie Canal poured into New York City [wealth] far exceeding that which its early friends predicted. . . . In the city, merchants, bankers, warehousemen, [and] shippers . . . seized the opportunity to perfect and specialize their services, fostering round after round of business innovations that within a decade of the opening of the Erie Canal had made New York by far the best place in America to engage in commerce. . . . ". . . Even before its economic benefits were realized fully, rival seaports with hopes of tapping interior trade began to imagine dreadful prospects of permanent eclipse. Whatever spirit of mutual good feeling and national welfare once greeted [internal improvements] now disappeared behind desperate efforts in cities . . . to create for themselves a westward connection." John Lauritz Larson, historian, Internal Improvement: National Public Works and the Promise of Popular Government in the Early United States, 2001 Question The excerpt best illustrates which of the following developments? a. The extension of commerce with Native Americans b. The expansion of access to markets c. The growth in the internal slave trade d. The increase in semisubsistence agricultural production

b. The expansion of access to markets

"Louisiana as ceded by France is made part of the United States. Congress may make part of the United States other adjacent territories which shall be justly acquired. "Congress may sever from the United States territory not heretofore within the United States, with consent of a majority of the free males above 21 years, inhabiting such territory." James Madison, secretary of state, proposed constitutional amendment [not passed], 1803 Question Which of the following best describes the historical situation in which the amendment was proposed? a. The Anti-Federalists sought to add a bill of rights to the Constitution. b. The federal government sought to acquire more western land in North America. c. The United States sought to forcibly remove American Indians from their homelands. d. The Constitutional Convention sought to establish the separation of powers between branches of government.

b. The federal government sought to acquire more western land in North America.

"In August 1865, the photographer Marcus Ormsbee... took a formal portrait of several groups of craft workers in their different shops.... At the center of the photograph, at Outcault's carpentry shop, stands the conventional artisan trio of master, journeyman, and apprentice, still at the heart of the city's workshop world—yet class differences mark these craftsmen's every feature.... Brooding above everyone, a new brick manufactory seals off its employees from the street and from public view. Small shop and large enterprise converge; New York remains a blend of old and new." Sean Wilentz, historian, Chants Democratic, 1984 Question Which of the following is one important continuity in urban life in the United States throughout the nineteenth century? Responses a. Anarchism and similar radical ideologies attracted many workers. b. Settlement houses assisted immigrants with adapting to life in the United States. c. Workers and employers consistently maintained amicable relationships. d. Immigrants formed an important part of the manufacturing workforce.

d. Immigrants formed an important part of the manufacturing workforce.

Which of the following statements about the "American System" is correct? a. It was set up by the Treaty of Ghent at the end of the War of 1812. b. It was strongly promoted by Andrew Jackson. c. It permitted immigrants to be naturalized after living in the United States for five years. d. It was designed to meet the nation's need for economic progress and self-sufficiency. e. It called for an end to the European presence in South America.

d. It was designed to meet the nation's need for economic progress and self-sufficiency.

A major reason why Thomas Jefferson was interested in purchasing Louisiana from France was that he.. a. wanted to establish a precedent for the expansion of presidential authority b. wanted an area beyond the Mississippi river to which eastern Native Americans (Indians) could be moved c. had learned from Lewis and Clark of the untapped mineral resources in western areas d. hoped to cement a Franco-American alliance against the British e. hoped to preserve an agricultural society by making abundant lands available to future generations

e. hoped to preserve an agricultural society by making abundant lands available to future generations

The role of women expressed in the cult of domesticity had its roots in Responses a. Progressive Era urban reform b. mid-nineteenth-century nativism c. the early twentieth-century suffrage movement d. republican motherhood e. the reaction against feminism after the Second World War

d. republican motherhood

Women's libbers do not speak for the majority of American women. American women do not want to be liberated from husbands and children. We do not want to trade our birthright of the special privileges of American women—for the mess of pottage called the Equal Rights Amendment. "Modern technology and opportunity have not discovered any nobler or more satisfying or more creative career for a woman than marriage and motherhood. The wonderful advantage that American women have is that we can have all the rewards of that number-one career, and still moonlight with a second one to suit our intellectual, cultural, or financial tastes or needs." Phyllis Schlafly, "What's Wrong with 'Equal Rights' for Women?," 1972 Question The ideas in the excerpt about women's roles in society have the most in common with ideas associated with which of the following? a. Activism on behalf of women's rights during the middle of the nineteenth century b. The greater separation of home and workplace during the first decades of the nineteenth century c. Political and social reform efforts led by women's clubs during the late nineteenth century d. The increased participation of women in the workforce during the Second World War

b. The greater separation of home and workplace during the first decades of the nineteenth century

"The river Missouri, and the Indians inhabiting it, are not as well known as is rendered desirable by their connection with the Mississippi, and consequently with us. It is, however, understood, that the country on that river is inhabited by numerous tribes, who furnish great supplies of furs and peltry to the trade of another nation. . . . An intelligent officer, with ten or twelve chosen men, fit for the enterprise . . . might explore the whole line, even to the Western Ocean, have conferences with the natives on the subject of commercial intercourse . . . agree on convenient deposits for an interchange of articles, and return with the information acquired. . . . While other civilized nations have encountered great expense to enlarge the boundaries of knowledge by undertaking voyages of discovery . . . our nation seems to owe to the same object, as well as to its own interests, to explore this, the only line of easy communication across the continent, and so directly traversing our own part of it. The interests of commerce place the principal object within the constitutional powers and care of Congress. . . . The appropriation of two thousand five hundred dollars, 'for the purpose of extending the external commerce of the United States,' . . . would cover the undertaking from notice." President Thomas Jefferson, secret message to Congress, January 1803 Question The fulfillment of Jefferson's proposal in the excerpt would be used to support which of the following executive acts? Responses a. The use of federal funds for the building of the National Road b. The purchase of the Louisiana territory from France c. The acquisition of Florida from Spain d. The securing of navigation rights on the Mississippi River

b. The purchase of the Louisiana territory from France

"Resolved, That woman is man's equal.... "Resolved, That woman has too long rested satisfied in the circumscribed limits which corrupt customs... have marked out for her, and that it is time she should move in the enlarged sphere... assigned her. "Resolved, That it is the duty of the women of this country to secure to themselves their sacred right to the elective franchise. "Resolved,... That, being invested by the Creator with the same capabilities, and the same consciousness of responsibility for their exercise, it is demonstrably the right and duty of woman, equally with man, to promote every righteous cause, by every righteous means." Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions (Seneca Falls Convention), 1848 Question Which other "righteous cause" would participants in the Seneca Falls Convention have been most likely to support? a. Expansionism b. Nativism c. Abolitionism d. Conservationism

c. Abolitionism

The Embargo Act of 1807 had which of the following effects on the United States? a. It severely damaged American manufacturing. b. It enriched many cotton plantation owners. c. It disrupted American shipping. d. It was ruinous to subsistence farmers. e. It had little economic impact.

c. It disrupted American shipping.

"As [political leader Henry] Clay envisioned it [in the 1820s], the American System constituted the... basis for social improvement.... Through sale of its enormous land holdings, the federal government could well afford to subsidize internal improvements. By levying protective tariffs, the government should foster the development of American manufacturing and agricultural enterprises that, in their infancy, might not be able to withstand foreign competition. The promotion of industry would create a home market for agricultural commodities, just as farms provided a market for manufactured products." Daniel Walker Howe, historian, What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815-1848, published in 2007 Question The ideas described in the excerpt contributed most directly to which of the following? Responses a. A decline in the internal slave trade b. Large-scale European immigration to the South c. More Americans producing goods for national markets d. Business leaders consolidating corporations into trusts and holding companies

c. More Americans producing goods for national markets

Jacksonian Democracy was distinguished by the belief that a. an aristocracy posed no danger to the Republic b. the National Republicans alone knew what was right for the people c. political participation by the common man should be increased d. political rights should be granted to women e. franchise restrictions should be radically neutral

c. political participation by the common man should be increased

"A bank of the United States is in many respects convenient for the Government and useful to the people. Entertaining this opinion, and deeply impressed with the belief that some of the powers and privileges possessed by the existing bank are unauthorized by the Constitution, subversive of the rights of the States, and dangerous to the liberties of the people, I felt it my duty at an early period of my Administration to call the attention of Congress to the practicability of organizing an institution combining all its advantages and obviating [removing] these objections. I sincerely regret that in the act before me I can perceive none of those modifications of the bank charter which are necessary, in my opinion, to make it compatible with justice, with sound policy, or with the Constitution of our country. . . . "Experience should teach us wisdom. Most of the difficulties our Government now encounters and most of the dangers which impend over our Union have sprung from an abandonment of the legitimate objects of Government by our national legislation. . . . Many of our rich men have not been content with equal protection and equal benefits, but have besought us to make them richer by act of Congress. By attempting to gratify their desires we have in the results of our legislation arrayed section against section, interest against interest, and man against man, in a fearful commotion which threatens to shake the foundations of our Union." President Andrew Jackson, Veto Message Regarding the Bank of the United States, 1832 Question People who shared the views expressed in the excerpt most likely opposed which of the following? a. The expansion of suffrage rights to most White men b. The maintenance of low tariffs that allowed the export of goods to Europe c. The expansion of United States territory through war d. The use of federal government funding for internal improvements

d. The use of federal government funding for internal improvements

"The great increase of drunkenness, within the last half century, among the people of the United States, led a number of philanthropic individuals . . . to consult together, upon the duty of making more united, systematic, and extended efforts for the prevention of this evil. Its cause was at once seen to be, the use of intoxicating liquor; and its appropriate remedy, abstinence. It was also known, that the use of such liquor, as a beverage, is not only needless, but injurious to the health, the virtue, and the happiness of men. It was believed, that the facts which had been . . . collected would prove this . . . ; and that if the knowledge of them were universally disseminated it would, with the divine blessing, do much toward changing the habits of the nation. . . . [The American Temperance Society's] object is . . . the exertion of kind moral influence . . . to effect such a change of sentiment and practice, that drunkenness and all its evils will cease." Introduction to a book of reports from the American Temperance Society, 1835 Question Which of the following evidence was used by the American Temperance Society in the excerpt to explain why people would join the temperance movement? a. The abstention from alcohol would extend American life expectancy. b. The development of treatments for alcoholism would change the habits of men. c. The formation of a national movement would eliminate the consumption of alcohol. d. The use of specific studies would convince people to believe the movement's goals.

d. The use of specific studies would convince people to believe the movement's goals.

"The river Missouri, and the Indians inhabiting it, are not as well known as is rendered desirable by their connection with the Mississippi, and consequently with us. It is, however, understood, that the country on that river is inhabited by numerous tribes, who furnish great supplies of furs and peltry to the trade of another nation. . . . An intelligent officer, with ten or twelve chosen men, fit for the enterprise . . . might explore the whole line, even to the Western Ocean, have conferences with the natives on the subject of commercial intercourse . . . agree on convenient deposits for an interchange of articles, and return with the information acquired. . . . While other civilized nations have encountered great expense to enlarge the boundaries of knowledge by undertaking voyages of discovery . . . our nation seems to owe to the same object, as well as to its own interests, to explore this, the only line of easy communication across the continent, and so directly traversing our own part of it. The interests of commerce place the principal object within the constitutional powers and care of Congress. . . . The appropriation of two thousand five hundred dollars, 'for the purpose of extending the external commerce of the United States,' . . . would cover the undertaking from notice." President Thomas Jefferson, secret message to Congress, January 1803 Question Which of the following broader ideas did Jefferson most directly seek to advance through his administration's policies? Responses a. The plan for the United States to develop industry comparable to Britain's b. The hope for the United States to acquire overseas territories c. The objective of expanding slavery in the United States d. The vision of the United States as an agricultural republic

d. The vision of the United States as an agricultural republic

"We, therefore, the people of the State of South Carolina, in convention assembled, do declare and ordain... that the several acts and parts of acts of the Congress of the United States, purporting to be laws for the imposing of duties and imposts on the importation of foreign commodities...are unauthorized by the Constitution of the United States, and violate the true meaning and intent thereof and are null, void, and no law, nor binding upon this State...." South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification, 1832 Question The ideas expressed in the excerpt emerged most directly from a larger intellectual debate over the a. balance between individual freedom and public order b. expansion of slavery into the western territories c. priorities of United States foreign policy d. relationship between the federal government and the states

d. relationship between the federal government and the states

Of the following, which was the principal issue on which the United States sought settlement with Great Britain at the outset of the War of 1812? a. A guarantee of New England fishing rights off Newfoundland b. Free navigation of the Mississippi River c. Cancellation of pre-Revolutionary debts d. Access to trade with the British West Indies e. An end to impressment

e. An end to impressment