apush period 5 mcq

d. repealing the Missouri Compromise

"'A house divided against itself cannot stand.' I believe this government cannot endure, permanently, half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved; I do not expect the house to fall; but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing, or all the other. Either the opponents of slavery will arrest the further spread of it and place it where the public mind shall rest in the belief that it is in the course of ultimate extinction, or its advocates will push it forward till it shall become alike lawful in all the states, old as well as new, North as well as South." Abraham Lincoln, "A House Divided" speech The compromise made in the Kansas-Nebraska Act served to increase sectional tensions by a. admitting Maine as a free state and Kansas and Nebraska as slave states. b. making popular sovereignty unconstitutional. c. repealing the Fugitive Slave Act. d. repealing the Missouri Compromise

c. pro-slavery groups in agreeing that slaves could not be citizens.

"'A house divided against itself cannot stand.' I believe this government cannot endure, permanently, half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved; I do not expect the house to fall; but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing, or all the other. Either the opponents of slavery will arrest the further spread of it and place it where the public mind shall rest in the belief that it is in the course of ultimate extinction, or its advocates will push it forward till it shall become alike lawful in all the states, old as well as new, North as well as South." Abraham Lincoln, "A House Divided" speech The decision by the Supreme Court in Dred Scott v. Sanford supported a. the power of the judicial branch by increasing the power of judicial review. b. the expansion of powers of Congress to control interstate commerce. c. pro-slavery groups in agreeing that slaves could not be citizens. d. entrance of California as a free state.

a. decision of Dred Scott v. Sanford and the passage of the Kansas - Nebraska Act.

"'A house divided against itself cannot stand.' I believe this government cannot endure, permanently, half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved; I do not expect the house to fall; but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing, or all the other. Either the opponents of slavery will arrest the further spread of it and place it where the public mind shall rest in the belief that it is in the course of ultimate extinction, or its advocates will push it forward till it shall become alike lawful in all the states, old as well as new, North as well as South." Abraham Lincoln, "A House Divided" speech The excerpt was written in response to the a. decision of Dred Scott v. Sanford and the passage of the Kansas - Nebraska Act. b. creation of the Fugitive Slave Act following the Compromise of 1850. c. acts committed during "Bleeding Kansas." d. declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions presented at the Seneca Falls Convention

(B) The declining commitment to reform in the North

"Granting all their mistakes, the radical governments were by far the most democratic the South had ever known. They were the only governments in southern history to extend to Negroes complete civil and political equality, and to try to protect them in the enjoyment of the rights they were granted." Which of the following contributed most directly to the end of Reconstruction? (A) The political struggles to pass the ThirteenthAmendment (B) The declining commitment to reform in the North (C) The distribution of patronage jobs by Republican politicians (D) The growing influence of the federal government over the states

(D) Changes in voting patterns and office holding that occurred during Reconstruction

"Granting all their mistakes, the radical governments were by far the most democratic the South had ever known. They were the only governments in southern history to extend to Negroes complete civil and political equality, and to try to protect them in the enjoyment of the rights they were granted." Which of the following provides the best evidence in support of the argument in the excerpt? (A) Political corruption in Southern state governments (B) The emergence of the sharecropping system during Reconstruction (C) Divisions within the women's movement over the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments (D) Changes in voting patterns and office holding that occurred during Reconstruction

D sharecroppers.

"I told him I thought that every man, when he was free, could have his rights and protect [himself]. He said, "The colored people could never protect themselves among the white people. So you had all better stay with the white people who raised you and make contracts with them to work by the year for one-fifth of all you make. And next year you can get one-third, and the next you maybe work for one-half you make. We have contracts for you all to sign, to work for one twentieth you make from now until the crop is ended, and then next year you all can make another crop and get more of it."" According to the excerpt above, many freed blacks became A tenant farmers. B plantation farmers. C crop lien farmers. D sharecroppers.

B created an indebtedness of the farmer to the landlord that lasted for several years.

"I told him I thought that every man, when he was free, could have his rights and protect [himself]. He said, "The colored people could never protect themselves among the white people. So you had all better stay with the white people who raised you and make contracts with them to work by the year for one-fifth of all you make. And next year you can get one-third, and the next you maybe work for one-half you make. We have contracts for you all to sign, to work for one twentieth you make from now until the crop is ended, and then next year you all can make another crop and get more of it."" The farming conditions, as described in the excerpt, A returned Southern cotton to "king" again. B created an indebtedness of the farmer to the landlord that lasted for several years. C provided the need for workers to pick an abundant crop of cotton. D gave the farmer choices as to whom to work for.

A each Southern state adopted their own black codes of work.

"I told him I thought that every man, when he was free, could have his rights and protect [himself]. He said, "The colored people could never protect themselves among the white people. So you had all better stay with the white people who raised you and make contracts with them to work by the year for one-fifth of all you make. And next year you can get one-third, and the next you maybe work for one-half you make. We have contracts for you all to sign, to work for one twentieth you make from now until the crop is ended, and then next year you all can make another crop and get more of it."" To ensure that African Americans in the South would adhere to rules and laws of work, A each Southern state adopted their own black codes of work. B schools were established to teach these freedmen about the rules and laws. C a letter was sent to each worker notifying them of the rules and laws. D assembly meetings were held in each of the local towns informing the freedmen of the rules and laws.

d. Southern resistance to Radical Republicans' efforts to change Southern attitudes.

"Section 3... no negro shall be permitted to rent or keep a house within said parish... Section 4...Every negro is required to be in the regular service of some white person or former owner, who shall be held responsible for the conduct of said negro... Section 7...No negro who is not in the military service shall be allowed to carry fire-arms or any kind of weapons The Louisiana Black Code, 1865 The excerpt from the Louisiana Black Code is best understood in the context of a. a Northern idea of American identity. b. altered power relationships between the states and the federal government after the post-Civil War. c. the temporary rearrangement of relationships between white and black people in the South. d. Southern resistance to Radical Republicans' efforts to change Southern attitudes.

c. Republican Party members

"Section 3... no negro shall be permitted to rent or keep a house within said parish... Section 4...Every negro is required to be in the regular service of some white person or former owner, who shall be held responsible for the conduct of said negro... Section 7...No negro who is not in the military service shall be allowed to carry fire-arms or any kind of weapons The Louisiana Black Code, 1865 Which 19th-century group would most likely oppose the regulations in the legislation above? a. New international migrants b. The Supreme Court c. Republican Party members d. Supporters of Social Darwinism

d. These individuals are considered property.

"The question is simply this: can a negro whose ancestors were imported into this country and sold as slaves become a member of the political community formed and brought into existence by the Constitution of the United States, and as such become entitled to all the rights, and privileges, and immunities, guaranteed by that instrument to the citizen, one of which rights is the privilege of suing in a court of the United States in the cases specified in the Constitution? In the opinion of the court, the legislation and histories of the times, and the language used in the Declaration of Independence, show that neither the class of persons who had been imported as slaves nor their descendants, whether they had become free or not, were then acknowledged as a part of the people, nor intended to be included in the general words used in that memorable Based on the above excerpt, what can be concluded about the political status of individuals not considered free persons? a. Citizenship can be gained over time. b. Their rights depend on location within the United States. c. These individuals have some rights. d. These individuals are considered property.

d. Dred Scott v. Sanford

"The question is simply this: can a negro whose ancestors were imported into this country and sold as slaves become a member of the political community formed and brought into existence by the Constitution of the United States, and as such become entitled to all the rights, and privileges, and immunities, guaranteed by that instrument to the citizen, one of which rights is the privilege of suing in a court of the United States in the cases specified in the Constitution? In the opinion of the court, the legislation and histories of the times, and the language used in the Declaration of Independence, show that neither the class of persons who had been imported as slaves nor their descendants, whether they had become free or not, were then acknowledged as a part of the people, nor intended to be included in the general words used in that memorable The above opinion is a response to which Supreme Court case? a. Plessy v. Ferguson b. Amistad c. Marbury v. Madison d. Dred Scott v. Sanford

a. This particular group was not taken into consideration when important documents were drafted.

"The question is simply this: can a negro whose ancestors were imported into this country and sold as slaves become a member of the political community formed and brought into existence by the Constitution of the United States, and as such become entitled to all the rights, and privileges, and immunities, guaranteed by that instrument to the citizen, one of which rights is the privilege of suing in a court of the United States in the cases specified in the Constitution? In the opinion of the court, the legislation and histories of the times, and the language used in the Declaration of Independence, show that neither the class of persons who had been imported as slaves nor their descendants, whether they had become free or not, were then acknowledged as a part of the people, nor intended to be included in the general words used in that memorable What was Taney's justification for excluding rights of citizenship to a particular group? a. This particular group was not taken into consideration when important documents were drafted. b. They were not born in America. c. They did not fight for independence. d. They refused to obey the laws and court decisions of the United States

B was disgusted that Congress and the President could resort to such low tactics.

"This measure was certainly undignified. It does not become a Congress that has been battling with the colossal artillery of impeachment to descend to throwing mud. Such conduct is neither royal, republican, nor democratic; it is simply boys' play. It isn't worthwhile to say that the reduction of the President's clerical force was made in the virtuous interest of retrenchment, for the stupidest of us all know better than that. Its moving spring was an unworthy and an ungraceful little spite. They might as well have estimated the capabilities of the Chief Magistrate's kitchen force, and discharged a cook or two. There is not any wisdom in this kind of warfare. The people cannot applaud it. Everybody is willing to see a fair stand-up fight between the President and his Congressional master, but nobody is willing to see either of them descend to scratching and hair-pulling. These parties stand for the United States. They represent the American nation, and it is not a nation that fights in that way." As depicted in the excerpt, Mark Twain A was glad Congress had impeached President Johnson. B was disgusted that Congress and the President could resort to such low tactics. C wrote about the corruptness and evils found in government. D believed the Presidents' clerical staff was guilty of the charges levied against them .

A The impeachment of President Andrew Johnson

"This measure was certainly undignified. It does not become a Congress that has been battling with the colossal artillery of impeachment to descend to throwing mud. Such conduct is neither royal, republican, nor democratic; it is simply boys' play. It isn't worthwhile to say that the reduction of the President's clerical force was made in the virtuous interest of retrenchment, for the stupidest of us all know better than that. Its moving spring was an unworthy and an ungraceful little spite. They might as well have estimated the capabilities of the Chief Magistrate's kitchen force, and discharged a cook or two. There is not any wisdom in this kind of warfare. The people cannot applaud it. Everybody is willing to see a fair stand-up fight between the President and his Congressional master, but nobody is willing to see either of them descend to scratching and hair-pulling. These parties stand for the United States. They represent the American nation, and it is not a nation that fights in that way." Which of the following events is Twain referring to in the excerpt? A The impeachment of President Andrew Johnson B The debates over the 14th and 15th amendments to the Constitution C The nominating conventions for the upcoming 1868 presidential election D The scandals of President Grant's presidency

D His violation of the Tenure of Office Act

"This measure was certainly undignified. It does not become a Congress that has been battling with the colossal artillery of impeachment to descend to throwing mud. Such conduct is neither royal, republican, nor democratic; it is simply boys' play. It isn't worthwhile to say that the reduction of the President's clerical force was made in the virtuous interest of retrenchment, for the stupidest of us all know better than that. Its moving spring was an unworthy and an ungraceful little spite. They might as well have estimated the capabilities of the Chief Magistrate's kitchen force, and discharged a cook or two. There is not any wisdom in this kind of warfare. The people cannot applaud it. Everybody is willing to see a fair stand-up fight between the President and his Congressional master, but nobody is willing to see either of them descend to scratching and hair-pulling. These parties stand for the United States. They represent the American nation, and it is not a nation that fights in that way." Which of the following was one of the reasons for the impeachment of President Johnson? A His veto of the 13th amendment B His speech disclaiming the Emancipation Proclamation C The Radical Republicans gaining control of Congress and wanting revenge against the Southern president D His violation of the Tenure of Office Act

b. The use of states' rights for the defense of slavery

"We assert that fourteen of the states have deliberately refused for years past to fulfill their constitutional obligations, and we refer to their own statutes for proof....Those states have assumed the right of deciding upon the propriety of our domestic institutions; and have denied the rights of property...recognized by the Constitution...they have permitted the open establishment among them of societies, whose avowed object is to...eloign [take away] the property of citizens of other States....A sectional party has found within...the Executive Department, the means of subverting the Constitution itself....On the 4th of March next this party will take possession of the Government....The guarantees of the Constitution will then no longer exist; the equal rights of the States will be lost. The Slaveholding States will no longer have the power of self- government, or self-protection, and the Federal Government will have become their enemy. The ideas expressed in the passage above most clearly show the influence of which of the following? a. The principles of federalism and separation of powers b. The use of states' rights for the defense of slavery c. Resistance to initiatives for democracy and inclusion d. Public debates about how to set national goals and priorities

b. The election of Lincoln in 1860

"We assert that fourteen of the states have deliberately refused for years past to fulfill their constitutional obligations, and we refer to their own statutes for proof....Those states have assumed the right of deciding upon the propriety of our domestic institutions; and have denied the rights of property...recognized by the Constitution...they have permitted the open establishment among them of societies, whose avowed object is to...eloign [take away] the property of citizens of other States....A sectional party has found within...the Executive Department, the means of subverting the Constitution itself....On the 4th of March next this party will take possession of the Government....The guarantees of the Constitution will then no longer exist; the equal rights of the States will be lost. The Slaveholding States will no longer have the power of self- government, or self-protection, and the Federal Government will have become their enemy. The sentiments expressed in the excerpt above were most directly a result of which the following? a. The end of the second party system b. The election of Lincoln in 1860 c. The secession of the Southern states from the Union d. The highly visible campaign of abolitionists against slavery

b. advocates of free labor

A social group that would be sympathetic to the message advanced by this handbill is a. southern landowners b. advocates of free labor c. nativists d. suffragettes

a. Radical Republicans' efforts to change southern racial attitudes were justified.

Advocates for individuals like the African American shown above would have most likely agreed with which of the following perspectives? a. Radical Republicans' efforts to change southern racial attitudes were justified. b. The economic changes caused by the Civil War created greater political opportunities for African Americans in the South. c. Southern opposition to African American rights were primarily focused on political issues. d. The creation of black voting rights was viewed as a mistake by Republicans.

a. Southern white violence and political tactics that limited the ability of Republicans to achieve their goals

Conditions like those shown in the image contributed most directly to which of the following? a. Southern white violence and political tactics that limited the ability of Republicans to achieve their goals b. The end of Reconstruction as being politically unnecessary c. The ability of the Republican Party to establish a long-term power base in the South d. A growing Northern resolve to change southern racial attitudes

b. amendments designed to open up opportunities for former slaves

Conditions like those shown in the image were most likely a result of a. Supreme Court decisions that granted African Americans equal protection of the laws b. amendments designed to open up opportunities for former slaves c. Republican efforts to unify the country without Northern Democratic influence d. Lincoln's decision to enable African Americans to fight in the Union Army

Compromise

How was the issue depicted in the cartoon resolved? A Compromise B Act of Congress C Decision of the Supreme Court D Assassination of the President of the United States

b. Radical Republicans.

It would be a mistake to see the 10 Percent Plan as a hard and fast policy from which Lincoln was determined never to deviate. Rather than as a design for a reconstructed South, it might better be viewed as a device to shorten the war and solidify white support for emancipation. Lincoln's 10 Percent Plan was most opposed by a. President Johnson. b. Radical Republicans. c. Former Southern slave owners. d. Conservative Republicans.

c. He was practical and goal-oriented.

It would be a mistake to see the 10 Percent Plan as a hard and fast policy from which Lincoln was determined never to deviate. Rather than as a design for a reconstructed South, it might better be viewed as a device to shorten the war and solidify white support for emancipation. What does this indicate about Abraham Lincoln as a politician? a. He was inflexible to new ideas. b. He advocated extreme policies. c. He was practical and goal-oriented. d. He was highly devoted toward emancipation.

c. lenient

It would be a mistake to see the 10 Percent Plan as a hard and fast policy from which Lincoln was determined never to deviate. Rather than as a design for a reconstructed South, it might better be viewed as a device to shorten the war and solidify white support for emancipation. Which word best describes Lincoln's original plan for Reconstruction, which Johnson largely followed? a. neutral b. aggressive c. lenient d. balanced

(B) the impeachment of President Johnson

One direct result of the conflict depicted in the cartoon was (A) the forced removal of carpetbaggers from the South (B) the impeachment of President Johnson (C) that Southern Democrats gained control of the U.S. Senate (D) the building of the transcontinental railroad

c. the Dred Scott decision

Provision 7. That the new dogma that the Constitution, of its own force, carries slavery into any or all of the territories of the United States, is a dangerous political heresy, .... Provision 8. That the normal condition of all the territory of the United States is that of freedom: That, as our Republican fathers, when they had abolished slavery in all our national territory, ordained that "no persons should be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law," it becomes our duty, by legislation, whenever such legislation is necessary, to maintain this provision of the Constitution against all attempts to violate it; and we deny the authority of Congress, of a territorial legislature, or of any individuals, to give legal existence to slavery in any territory of the United States Provision 7 of the party platform was most likely in response to which event? a. the Compromise of 1850 b. Bleeding Kansas c. the Dred Scott decision d. John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry

b. slavery should not be allowed to extend into new territories.

Provision 7. That the new dogma that the Constitution, of its own force, carries slavery into any or all of the territories of the United States, is a dangerous political heresy, .... Provision 8. That the normal condition of all the territory of the United States is that of freedom: That, as our Republican fathers, when they had abolished slavery in all our national territory, ordained that "no persons should be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law," it becomes our duty, by legislation, whenever such legislation is necessary, to maintain this provision of the Constitution against all attempts to violate it; and we deny the authority of Congress, of a territorial legislature, or of any individuals, to give legal existence to slavery in any territory of the United States Provision 8 of the party platform reflects the Republican position that a. the status of slavery in new territories should be decided by popular sovereignty b. slavery should not be allowed to extend into new territories. c. the Missouri Compromise line should be extended to the Pacific so that slavery would be allowed in territories south of that line. d. slave-owners should be allowed to take their slaves into any of the new territories

c. The Kansas-Nebraska Act

Provision 7. That the new dogma that the Constitution, of its own force, carries slavery into any or all of the territories of the United States, is a dangerous political heresy, .... Provision 8. That the normal condition of all the territory of the United States is that of freedom: That, as our Republican fathers, when they had abolished slavery in all our national territory, ordained that "no persons should be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law," it becomes our duty, by legislation, whenever such legislation is necessary, to maintain this provision of the Constitution against all attempts to violate it; and we deny the authority of Congress, of a territorial legislature, or of any individuals, to give legal existence to slavery in any territory of the United States The Republican Party came into being in response to which event? a. The Mexican-American War b. The Compromise of 1850 c. The Kansas-Nebraska Act d. The Dred Scott decision

b. Whig

Provision 7. That the new dogma that the Constitution, of its own force, carries slavery into any or all of the territories of the United States, is a dangerous political heresy, .... Provision 8. That the normal condition of all the territory of the United States is that of freedom: That, as our Republican fathers, when they had abolished slavery in all our national territory, ordained that "no persons should be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law," it becomes our duty, by legislation, whenever such legislation is necessary, to maintain this provision of the Constitution against all attempts to violate it; and we deny the authority of Congress, of a territorial legislature, or of any individuals, to give legal existence to slavery in any territory of the United States These provisions of the 1860 Republican Party platform would most likely have appealed to members of which political party? a. Know-Nothing b. Whig c. Democratic d. Liberty

a. Popular sovereignty

The above cartoon further reflects the deficiency in which plank of the Democratic Party platform? a. Popular sovereignty b. Gradual abolition c. Non-expansion of slavery d. Rigid enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Law

b. variety of proposals leaders made that ultimately failed to reduce sectional conflict.

The cartoon above is best understood in the context of the a. North's increasing reliance on a free-labor manufacturing economy. b. variety of proposals leaders made that ultimately failed to reduce sectional conflict. c. willingness of abolitionists to use violence to achieve their goals. d. weakening of loyalties to the two major parties

a. a critique of Reconstruction

The cartoon above is intended to express a. a critique of Reconstruction b. opposition to women's rights c. support for strong government d. opposition to the draft

c. emergence of more vigorous Southern resistance to African American rights

The controversy highlighted in the cartoon above most directly led to the a. issuance of court rulings such as Plessy v. Ferguson sanctioning racial segregation b. industrialization of some segments of the Southern economy c. emergence of more vigorous Southern resistance to African American rights d. development of African American efforts to support vocational education

(A) The continued political conflict over which branch of government should control Reconstruction

The document is most clearly an example of which of the following developments of the Reconstruction Era? (A) The continued political conflict over which branch of government should control Reconstruction (B) The election of African Americans to U.S. Congress in opposition to President Andrew Johnson (C) The rise of southern "patriotic"/terrorist groups like the Ku Klux Klan (D) The growth of corporations and industrialism in the North

a. Inclusion of the Fugitive Slave Act as part of the Compromise of 1850

The document was most likely a reaction to which of the following events? a. Inclusion of the Fugitive Slave Act as part of the Compromise of 1850 b. Backlash from antislavery reformers after the Kansas-Nebraska Act c. Rise of the Republican Party d. Outrage expressed by Democrats over the Dred Scott decision

A the beginning of the Civil War.

The insurrection depicted above occurred as a result of A the beginning of the Civil War. B the Dred Scott decision by the Supreme Court. C Lincoln's election to the presidency. D the secession of the Southern states from the Union.

d. Lincoln's decision to issue the Emancipation Proclamation

The scene depicted in the image above was most directly a result of a. a rearrangement of the relationships between black and white people in the South. b. the North's greater manpower and resources. c. the 13th Amendment abolishing slavery. d. Lincoln's decision to issue the Emancipation Proclamation

a. The passage of the 14th and 15th Amendments

The sentiments expressed in the cartoon above most directly contributed to which of the following? a. The passage of the 14th and 15th Amendments b. The movement of African Americans away from the farms where many had been held as slaves c. The prevalence of the sharecropping system d. The passage of segregation laws in Southern states

a. Breakdown in trust between sectional leaders

The sentiments such as those depicted in the cartoon above most directly contributed to which of the following? a. Breakdown in trust between sectional leaders b. The willingness of abolitionists to use violence to achieve their goals c. Repeated attempts at political compromise d. The secession of Southern states

c. Republican

The subject of this handbill contributed to the emergence of which political party? a. Democratic b. Whig c. Republican d. Liberty

b. The creation of a slavery line of demarcation as part of the Missouri Compromise

This political cartoon reflected Northern anger because they still held to the belief that the issue had been settled by which of the following? a. The creation of a Fugitive Slave Law to placate Southern expansionism b. The creation of a slavery line of demarcation as part of the Missouri Compromise c. The passage of a proviso that forbade the expansion of slavery into the territories gained as a result of the Mexican War d. The gentleman's agreement between the North and the South to maintain a balance of power in the Senate

D The Election of 1876

To which of the following events does the cartoon refer? A The Civil War B Laws banning the Ku Klux Klan C Radical Reconstruction D The Election of 1876

a. Secession of South Carolina and subsequent southern states

What was the long term impact of the agitation encouraged by this poster? a. Secession of South Carolina and subsequent southern states b. Congressional approval of California statehood c. The emergence of the Know Nothing Party d. Intensified southern opposition to the expansion of slavery

b. Radical Republicans

Which of the following groups would be most likely to support the perspective of the cartoon? a. Southern politicians b. Radical Republicans c. Northern opponents of the war d. Veterans of the Confederate Army

C The Democratic Party split into northern and southern factions

Which of the following historical events was a direct result of the event depicted? A The Republican Party was created and ran its first candidate for national office, Abraham Lincoln B Southern "Fire-eaters" took control of both houses of the U.S. Congress C The Democratic Party split into northern and southern factions D Radical Republicans were elected to both houses of the U.S. Congress

The cartoon depicts continued sectional conflict after the Civil War.

Which of the following is true of the cartoon by Thomas Nast depicted above? A The cartoonist favored the South and their struggles during the war. B The cartoon depicts continued sectional conflict after the Civil War. C The cartoon was censored by the government and not permitted to be printed. D The cartoon was racist in showing what slaves would do once they received freedom.

B The leader of the insurrection became a martyr upon his execution.

Which of the following is true of the event depicted in the image? A It led to numerous slave insurrections throughout the United States. B The leader of the insurrection became a martyr upon his execution. C Southerners immediately invaded the North to defend slavery. D The event led to an invasion of the South by the Union army seeking to end slavery.