APUSH Q3 Exam

Which of the following conditions in England motivated Puritans to migrate to New England in the 1630s? I. Political repression of dissident Protestants II. An economic recession III. Restrictions on Puritan religious practices

(I,II, and III) political repression of dissident protestants, en economic recession, restrictions on puritan religious practices

Select the answer that BEST embodies the following quote. "There is nothing more common than to confound the terms of American Revolution with those of the late American War. The American War is over; but this is far from being the case with American Revolution. On the contrary, nothing but the first act of the great drama is closed." - Dr. Benjamin Rush of Pennsylvania on July 4th 1787 The Constitutional Convention is at a standstill do to an inability to compromise. The American Revolution ended with Cornwallis being defeated at Yorktown. A fear of British invasion was very real for the young nation. The Constitutional Convention is part of the continuing evolution of the American experiment.

- Dr. Benjamin Rush of Pennsylvania on July 4th 1787

Which of the following was not one of the examples of moments economic, social and religious change highlighted in Gary B. Nash's "The Transformation of European Society"? A growing fear of immigrants from Slavic and Eastern Europe, which would drive "economic ruin" into a growing and promising economy. A shattering of the "utopian dream" that communities should consist of people who work for the common good. The Great Awakening, which was a "cultural crisis". Great economic and population grown and an emphasis on aggressive individualism.

A growing fear of immigrants from Slavic and Eastern Europe, which would drive "economic ruin" into a growing and promising economy.

To issue an Emancipation Proclamation , President Lincoln felt that he needed which of the following? Republican control of Congress Supreme Court approval A military victory A Constitutional Amendment

A military victory

Which of the following parts of the Compromise of 1850 was the most appealing to the North? Ending the slave trade in Washington, D.C. Using popular sovereignty in new territories Passing a new Fugitive Slave Law Admitting California as a free state

Admitting California as a free state

Benjamin Robbins Curtis was a Supreme Court justice from 1851 to 1857. He espoused in the Dred Scott case of 1857: That the free native-born citizens of each State are citizens of the United States That as free colored persons born within some of the States are citizens of those States, such persons are also citizens of the United States That every...citizen, residing in any State has the rise to sue...in the Federal courts.... the Constitution was not made exclusively for the white race. All of the Above

All of the Above

In which of the following British North American colonies was slavery legally established by the early 1700's? All the colonies except Pennsylvania and the New England colonies The middle and southern colonies only The southern colonies only All the colonies The tobacco- and rice-growing colonies only

All the colonies

The Missouri Compromise did which of the following? Allowed Maine to enter the Union as a free state. Provided for admission to the Union of all future states in pairs of one free, one slave. Prohibited slavery in all the territory of the Louisiana Purchase. Finally settled the question of congressional power over slavery in the territories. Provided for the annexation of Texas.

Allowed Maine to enter the Union as a free state.

Locke's writings had the most direct influence on the Zenger case Great Awakening American Revolution Mayflower Compact

American Revolution

The People's Party (Populist) advocated which of the following? A decrease in agricultural production Joint ownership of businesses by urban laborers and farmers Public ownership of the means of production Support for civil rights legislation An increase in the money supply

An increase in the money supply

The first massive migration of Black Americans from the South occurred during which of the following periods? Immediately following the Civil War During the Great Depression In the decade after the Second World War During the civil rights movement of the 1960's During and immediately after the First World War

During and immediately after the First World War

Mathew would probably apply his warning, "not use our liberty for a cloak of maliciousness" to the Act of Toleration the Zenger case Bacon's Rebellion the Mayflower Compact

Bacon's Rebellion

The dissatisfaction of Virginia farmers with the colonial governor who failed to protect them against American Indian raids led to Leisler's Rebellion the Glorious Revolution Shays' Rebellion Bacon's Rebellion Gabriel's Rebellion

Bacon's Rebellion

The Northwest Ordinances did which of the following? Granted settlers a free homestead of 160 acres. Established reservations for Native Americans. Banned slavery north of the 36° 30' line. Provided for the annexation of the Oregon Territory. Established the terms for settlement and admission of new states.

Banned slavery north of the 36° 30' line.

During the 1930s Black voters overwhelmingly switched from the Republican Party to the Democratic Party because the Ku Klux Klan was gaining power within the Republican Party President Roosevelt actively pursued race reform Black Americans benefited from some New Deal economic policies southern Democrats widely favored abolishing the poll tax the Democrats promised to end Prohibition

Black Americans benefited from some New Deal economic policies

During the Gilded Age, which of the following groups generally voted Republican? Southern Protestant farmers Confederate war veterans Black northerners Unskilled wage earners Roman Catholic immigrants

Black northerners

The Union was most disturbed because they believed that Britain was supporting the Confederate s by doing which of the following? Supplying food Building warships Purchasing cotton Loaning money

Building warships

Which of the following best summarizes the attitude toward religious beliefs expressed in this document? The colony should be reserved for the one specific type of Christianity approved by the local government officials Religion was a personal matter that the government should not try to influence All individuals should be free to believe or not believe in God as they wished Christians should be able to practice their faith without fear of persecution

Christians should be able to practice their faith without fear of persecution

Which of the following characterizes the relationship between church and state for the Puritans who settled the Massachusetts Bay Colony in the seventeenth century? Ministers held most elected offices. Colonial officials encouraged churches to incorporate Catholic elements of worship. Church membership was required for voting and holding public office. Colonial officials strictly separated church and state. The colonial government officially supported religious toleration.

Church membership was required for voting and holding public office.

Which of the following was primarily responsible for the declining death rate in American cities at the end of the nineteenth century? Better transportation enabled more people to seek medical care. Doctors began to provide free medical care to poor people. Cities built sewers and supplied purified water. Cities began to provide free medical care to those who needed it. Fewer poor people moved to the cities in the late nineteenth century.

Cities built sewers and supplied purified water.

The works of which of the following were integral to the Harlem Renaissance? Jack Kerouac, Willem de Kooning, and Jackson Pollock William Faulkner, Gertrude Stein, and F. Scott Fitzgerald Ralph Ellison, Toni Morrison, and James Baldwin Claude McKay, Zora Neale Hurston, and Langston Hughes Arthur Miller, Tennessee Williams, and Joyce Carol Oates

Claude McKay, Zora Neale Hurston, and Langston Hughes

On June 24th 1787, James Madison presented a proposal to pay congressmen for a full year after the expiration of their term. What was he trying to prevent with this proposal? Congressmen raising taxes immediately before they left office. High turnover within congress Congressmen becoming poor due to lack of pay. Congressmen receiving federal offices due to friendships within congress.

Congressmen receiving federal offices due to friendships within congress.

Which of the following BEST expresses the view of Abigail Adams about power, liberty, or prejudices? Corruption is an ever present vice for men entrusted with power. Liberties should apply to all People can overcome prejudice by spending time with each other. Sit down John! Power can be harnessed in the right hands

Corruption is an ever present vice for men entrusted with power.

Which of the following was a direct British response to the colonial views expressed by the Stamp Act Congress? Declaratory Act stating the right to tax Coercive Act closing the port of Boston Quartering Act for British soldiers Sugar Act taxing luxuries

Declaratory Act stating the right to tax

The US Sanitary Commission was headed by: Clara Barton Mary Lincoln Elizabeth Blackwell Dorothea Dix

Dorothea Dix

Which of the following best describes a central point of A. Kent McDougall's argument above? During the age of exploration and conquest, a growing divide developed in Spain between the Catholic Church and the monarchy over the treatment of American Indians. Spanish conquest of the New World Jed Spain to focus its military and diplomatic efforts toward subduing resistance in the New World and removing itself from the conflicts of Europe. The large -scale migration of Spanish peasants to the New World left Spain with a scarcity of workers and a depressed economy. The successes of Spanish conquest in the New World did not result in a general economic improvement in Spain itself.

During the age of exploration and conquest, a growing divide developed in Spain between the Catholic Church and the monarchy over the treatment of American Indians.

During the late nineteenth century, members of which of the following groups were most likely to advocate settlement houses as a means of social reform? Democratic politicians Scandinavian immigrants Labor leaders African Americans leaders Educated middle-class women

Educated middle-class women

Which of the following groups is LEAST likely to respond with enthusiasm to the religious fervor of the Great Awakening in the 1730s and 1740s? Itinerant preachers unable to find permanent parishes for themselves Backwoods farmers isolated on the colonial frontier Presbyterians in the southern colonies Landless sons in New England communities Establish merchants in cities like Boston and Philadelphia

Establish merchants in cities like Boston and Philadelphia

Immigrants to the United States in the last quarter of the nineteenth century came primarily from Asia European farms and villages Latin America middle-class backgrounds Canada

European farms and villages

The Monroe Doctrine maintained that Haiti would be established as a colony to be settled by formerly enslaved people from the United States European powers should not pursue any future colonization in the Americas all nations and states in the Americas were territories of the United States he United States Congress could overrule the president's foreign policy initiatives in Latin America Cuba, Texas, and Puerto Rico were protectorates of the United States

European powers should not pursue any future colonization in the Americas

Which of the following statements about African American soldiers during the Civil War is correct? They were limited to noncombat duty. For most of the war, they were paid less than White soldiers of equal rank. They were barred from receiving awards for valor in combat. For most of the war, they were led by African American officers. They were primarily engaged in military campaigns west of the Mississippi.

For most of the war, they were paid less than White soldiers of equal rank.

Which of the following statements about African American soldiers during the Civil War is correct? They were limited to noncombat duty. They were barred from receiving awards for valor in combat. They were primarily engaged in military campaigns west of the Mississippi. For most of the war, they were led by African American officers. For most of the war, they were paid less than White soldiers of equal rank.

For most of the war, they were paid less than White soldiers of equal rank.

President Washington's Neutrality Proclamation of 1793 was issued in response to Dutch economic activity in the mid-Atlantic states French diplomatic overtures to invoke the Franco-American Alliance Canadian alliances with northern American Indians Spanish expansion in the Southeast English boycotts of selected American manufactures

French diplomatic overtures to invoke the Franco-American Alliance

Which of the following contributed most to the American victory in the Revolution? Support from the French Canadians French military and financial assistance The British failure to capture Philadelphia A major American military victory at Valley Forge The failure of Loyalists to participate in military action

French military and financial assistance

Thoreau believed that a just man should be prepared to do which of the following? Organize opposition Run for elected office Overthrow the government Go to jail for his beliefs

Go to jail for his beliefs

Defenders of corporate actions, such as the ones described in the passage above, would find support in the Omaha Platform of the Populist Platform. Henry George's proposal for a "single tax" on land. Upton Sinclair's novel, "The Jungle". Herbert Spencer and the ideas of social Darwinism.

Herbert Spencer and the ideas of social Darwinism.

What check on power was Mason arguing for? Veto Recount of electoral votes Impeachment Assassination

Impeachment

Hamilton's constitutional argument was based on which of the following types of power? Employed Implied Expressed Regulated

Implied

Which of the following groups made up most of the servants referred to in the passage? Women whose husbands had escaped American Indians Indentured servants from Europe Enslave Africans

Indentured servants from Europe

Which of the following supplied the largest number of immigrants to the United States during the first half of the nineteenth century? The German states Africa England The Netherlands Ireland

Ireland

Which of the following statements about the Tennessee Valley Authority is correct? It built dams that made rural electrification possible. It was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. It was a state-sponsored agency established to restore eroded soil. It provided land for immigrants who wanted to become farmers. It built interstate highways in the upper South.

It built dams that made rural electrification possible.

The Second Great Awakening did which of the following? It produced increased respect for civil authority. It increased Protestant toleration for Catholics and Jews. It emphasized reason and logic over emotionalism in religious matters. It encouraged conversion to evangelical Christianity. It resulted in a sharp decline in church membership.

It encouraged conversion to evangelical Christianity.

Which of the following best characterizes the National Origins Act of 1924 ? It established procedures for the immigration of alien spouses of United States citizens after 1935. It allowed increased levels of immigration from southern and eastern Europe. It established immigration quotas based on a percentage of each nationality residing in the United States in 1890. It allowed Chinese immigrants entry into the United States after 1930. It set restrictions on the importation of certain goods.

It established immigration quotas based on a percentage of each nationality residing in the United States in 1890.

Which of the following is true of the 1935 Social Security Act? It legislated a tax that transfers money from workers to pensioners. It created benefits for the needy by using taxes on corporate profits. It made the United States the first industrialized country to provide a social welfare system. It was ended during the first hundred days of the New Deal. It provided health insurance for anyone who needed it.

It legislated a tax that transfers money from workers to pensioners.

How was the Declaratory Act a cause of the Boston Tea Party? It declared American Independence. It provoked Native Americans to throw tea into Boston Harbor. It declared that the Sons of Liberty would not pay tea taxes. It provoked the Sons of Liberty to contest Parliament's ability to tax the colonies.

It provoked the Sons of Liberty to contest Parliament's ability to tax the colonies.

Which of the following was true of the first Great Awakening? It primarily affected church congregations in towns and cities. Cotton Mather was one of its most famous preachers. It was denounced by Jonathan Edwards. It was primarily a southern phenomenon. It resulted in divisions within both the Congregational and the Presbyterian churches.

It resulted in divisions within both the Congregational and the Presbyterian churches

Which of the following was true of the United States Constitution as adopted at the Constitutional Convention? It was a revised version of the English Constitution. It was built on a series of compromises. It allowed all male citizens over the age of twenty-one to vote. It included a Bill of Rights. Itprovided exact specifications covering all aspects of government.

It was built on a series of compromises.

Which of the following statements about the "American System" is correct? It called for an end to the European presence in South America. It was designed to meet the nation's need for economic progress and self-sufficiency. It was set up by the Treaty of Ghent at the end of the War of 1812. It permitted immigrants to be naturalized after living in the United States for five years. It was strongly promoted by Andrew Jackson.

It was designed to meet the nation's need for economic progress and self-sufficiency.

The Haymarket Affair represented a major setback for the Knights of Labor Temperance movement civil rights movement for African Americans women's suffrage movement

Knights of Labor

Based on Transcendentalist ideas , penitentiaries were "designed so that every prisoner would live in solitary confinement, and would therefore have time to think and reform." (Jacksonland). This idea was opposed by the Millennialists, who believed that the end was near, and prisoners should be set free to meet their maker. Lafayette, who believed solitary confinement was torture. Jackson, who thought hard labor was a better path to reformation. Henry Clay, who espoused the idea of "prison yards" where prisoners could exercise and commune with each other.

Lafayette, who believed solitary confinement was torture.

Which of the following would most directly support the argument that Progressives were "exclusionary"? Rural agrarian reformers played little role in the movement Progressives did little to end the segregation of African Americans Women's movements were sidelined by male-dominated governments Most Progressive wanted to keep immigrants and laborers from voting

Progressives did little to end the segregation of African Americans

Which of the following groups of individuals would have been most likely to agree with King George? (Hint: AMSCO is tricky with this one, don't let the 1776 movie convince you to pick a certain delegate who was against independence) Continentals John Adams Thomas Paine Loyalists John Dickenson

Loyalists

"If they dare to come out in the open field and defend the gold standard as a good thing, we will fight them to the uttermost. Having behind us the producing masses of this nation and the world, supported by the commercial interests, the laboring interests, and the toilers everywhere, we will answer their demand for a gold standard by saying to them: You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns; you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold." William Jennings Bryan, 1896 Which of the following groups would most likely agree with the quote above? Railroad executives Urban workers New York City financiers White-collar and professional workers Midwestern farmers

Midwestern farmers

Support for slavery in the Southern states was based on all of the following reasons EXCEPT: Poor White farmers feared the economic competition of four million freed persons. White plantation owners feared abolition would destroy the South's economy. Slavery was condoned in the Bible. Most White families owned slaves. Slaveholders believed that slaves were inferior and required White guardianship.

Most White families owned slaves.

"The only force which is strong enough to break down social convention is economic necessity .... The economic necessity which has forced women out of the home and into the world of business has completely annihilated the old idea that a woman should eat only in the privacy of her household or in the homes of her friends, has created the absolutely new social phenomenon of women eating in public, unescorted by men, by the tens of thousands, and has given rise to a wholly new phase of the restaurant business." -The New York Times, October 15, 1905 Which of the following groups would have most likely supported the scenario described in this passage? American Temperance Union Southern Christian Leadership Conference Ku Klux Klan National Woman Suffrage Association

National Woman Suffrage Association

Which of the following principles was established by the Dred Scott decision? Slaves residing in a free state automatically became free. Congress could abolish slavery at will. Through squatter sovereignty, a territory had the sole right to determine the status of slavery within its territorial limits. National legislation could not limit the spread of slavery in the territories. The rights of all people are protected by the Constitution.

National legislation could not limit the spread of slavery in the territories.

Which of the following was the intended result of the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887? Native Americans would be coaxed off reservations by land grants and would thus assimilate into Western culture. Recently arrived European immigrants would be enticed into settling in the less populated West. Railroad companies would be persuaded to stop unfair pricing through a number of government incentives. Legislators would be less likely to accept bribes because of the severity of the penalty.

Native Americans would be coaxed off reservations by land grants and would thus assimilate into Western culture.

The Hartford Convention was a manifestation of the War Hawks' impatience with President Madison's conduct of foreign policy New England Federalist opposition to the War of 1812 northern gratitude to General Jackson for his victory at New Orleans western resentment against British-backed American Indian attacks New England's desire to end United States trade with Great Britain

New England Federalist opposition to the War of 1812

Which of the following parts of the Compromise of 1850 was the most appealing to the South? Ending the slave trade in Washington, D.C. Admitting California as a free state Passing a new Fugitive Slave Law Using popular sovereignty in new territories

Passing a new Fugitive Slave Law

"We believe that the time has come when the railroad corporations will either own the people or the people must own the railroads ... We demand a national currency, safe, sound, and flexible ... We demand a graduated income tax ... We demand a free ballot." Which of the following groups included the passage above in its platform? Democratic Party People's Party (Populists) Union-Labor Party National Grange American Federation of Labor

People's Party (Populists)

Winthrop suggests that Polk 's slogan of "Fifty-four Forty or Fight!" was based mainly on which of the following attitudes? Polk believed the country needed more free land Polk felt pressure from Southerners Polk held strong anti-British sentiments Polk hoped to get political benefit

Polk hoped to get political benefit

An increase in which of the following was the key part of the Kansas-Nebraska Act to attract Southern support? Representation in Congress Fugitive Slave Act Popular sovereignty Transportation in the South

Popular sovereignty

Which of the following ideas is Douglas appealing to when he says, "whether the people of the territories shall be allowed to do as they please upon the question of slavery"? The distinction between a territory and a state Popular sovereignty The right of secession The Crittenden Compromise

Popular sovereignty

What concerns did the Virginia Plan create for the small states? The states would receive vastly increased powers that were too great for the small states to handle. Proportional representation weakened the influence of the small states in the new legislature. Equal representation limited small states to just one vote in the new legislature. The Virginia Plan would merge some small states with large states.

Proportional representation weakened the influence of the small states in the new legislature.

Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson challenged the authority of which of the following? Catholic priests and bishops Methodist itinerants Baptist ministers Anglican clergy Puritan magistrates and ministers

Puritan magistrates and ministers

Which of the following was true of a married woman in the colonial era? She generally lost control of her property when she married. Her legal rights over her children were the same as those of her husband. She could vote as her husband's proxy in elections. She was the prime beneficiary by law of her husband's estate. She would be sentenced to debtors' prison for debts incurred by her husband.

She generally lost control of her property when she married.

Chief Justice Taney's basic ruling in the Dred Scott case was based on which of the following principles? Since slaves did not pay taxes, they had no legal rights Since Scott had returned to a slave state, he was still a slave Since slaves were property, they could not sue Since Congress could not define slavery, it could not regulate it

Since slaves were property, they could not sue

"Survival of the fittest" was a key element in the philosophy of Social Darwinism. racial disfranchisement. laissez-faire. the Protestant ethic.

Social Darwinism.

"Another marked characteristic of the Anglo- Saxon is what may be called an instinct or genius for colonizing. His unequaled energy, his indomitable perseverance, and his personal independence, made him a pioneer. He excels all others in pushing his way into new countries." Populists Mugwumps scientific managers transcendentalists Social Darwinists

Social Darwinists

The decisions of the Supreme Court in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries generally did which of the following? Strengthened the position of organized labor. Strengthened the position of big business. Protected the civil and political rights of African Americans. Strengthened the regulatory powers of the federal government. Protected the civil and political rights of women.

Strengthened the position of big business.

In his Atlanta Compromise speech, Booker T. Washington called for which of the following? Support for African American self-help An end to racial segregation Racial integration of religious organizations Educational equality for African Americans African American voting rights

Support for African American self-help

Which of the following happened as a result of Bacon's Rebellion in 1676? Indentured servants received additional free land after fulfilling their terms of service. Virginia passed new laws protecting workers' rights. The king allowed Virginia colonists to select their own governor. Tensions between backcountry farmers and the tidewater gentry were exposed. Governor William Berkeley abolished Virginia's House of Burgesses.

Tensions between backcountry farmers and the tidewater gentry were exposed.

According to the excerpt, which of the following does King George hold primarily responsible for the American revolt? The "expressions of attachment" by some colonial leaders The "desperate conspiracy" by some members of Parliament The "traitorous views" of some colonial leaders The "spirit of moderation" of some of Parliament's resolutions The "conciliator-lee propositions" made in the Declaration of Independence.

The "traitorous views" of some colonial leaders

Prior to the French and Indian war the Native Americans were able to play the French and British Empires off of each other. In particular this allowed for the Iroquois Confederation to be neutral and reap the benefits of trading with both Empires. How did this change after the French and Indian War? The Iroquois were able to stay neutral following the war and traded with the French via the Mississippi River. The Iroquois continued to fight the British following the war as they retained loyalty to the French. The Iroquois allied themselves with the British, but no longer received favorable trade deals and diplomatic gifts. The Iroquois were completely defeated during the French and Indian War and were never a power again.

The Iroquois allied themselves with the British, but no longer received favorable trade deals and diplomatic gifts.

Susan B. Anthony and others in the women's rights movement had a major influence on the ratification of which of the following? The Equal Rights Amendment. The Fifteenth Amendment. The Twenty-sixth Amendment The Nineteenth Amendment.

The Nineteenth Amendment.

Which of the following conflicts resulted in the successful expulsion of Europeans from the upper Rio Grande region of North America for nearly a decade? The Pequot War The Pueblo Revolt The Battle of Fallen Timbers Pontiac's Rebellion King Philip's War

The Pueblo Revolt

What was the main reason for the major decrease in the number of Europeans immigrating to the United States in the 1920s? Fear of political persecution after the Palmer raids and the Sacco and Vanzetti case discouraged many Europeans from emigrating. The United States passed the National Origins Act. There was widespread prosperity in Europe after the First World War. Most European countries passed laws forbidding immigration to the United States. A significant increase in emigration from Latin America left fewer jobs for European immigrants.

The United States passed the National Origins Act.

Which of the following served as a major cause of the war with Mexico? The Monroe Doctrine The annexation of Texas The election of 1844 The Louisiana Purchase

The annexation of Texas

Which of the following was a long-term effect of the jury's decision in the Zenger case? Restrictions on the press increased The colonial press became more willing to criticize the British Zinger became a colonial leader New York became the center of anti-British sentiments

The colonial press became more willing to criticize the British

Which of the following was the most direct catalyst for the secession of South Carolina? John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry The Dred Scott decision The attack on Charles Sumner The Wilmot Proviso The election of 1860

The election of 1860

Which of the following contributed most significantly to a surge in western settlement during the 1860s and 1870s? Dry seasons turned fertile land to semidesert and made real estate inexpensive. The novels of romantics like Hamlin Garland glorified western life. The expansion of railroads made the Great Plains more accessible. A strong military eliminated attacks by Native Americans. Government funding for irrigation projects made farms more profitable.

The expansion of railroads made the Great Plains more accessible.

Late-nineteenth-century federal policies were detrimental to unskilled workers in all of the following ways EXCEPT: Court injunctions favored employers during strikes. Deflationary monetary policy made repay- ment of debts difficult. Federal troops intervened to end strikes. Immigration policy allowed cheap labor to compete for available jobs. The federal income tax took a considerable portion of workers' income.

The federal income tax took a considerable portion of workers' income.

Which of the following most profoundly transformed the lives of slaves in the South in the mid-1700s? The prevalence of slave rebellions on large plantations The passage of gradual emancipation laws in the upper South The growth of a native-born African American population The growing popularity of antislavery sentiment among White Americans The reluctance of White slaveholders to move west and settle in the Ohio River valley

The growth of a native-born African American population

Which of the following was most directly a cause of the success of the Populist party? After the Civil War, westward migration slowed, causing a long-term recession in many Western territories. Western farmers resisted the mechanization of agriculture and resented government interference in rural affairs. Western farmers and ranchers favored conservation and organized to promote the National Parks system. The growth of corporate power and banking interests inspired rural activists to lobby for political reform.

The growth of corporate power and banking interests inspired rural activists to lobby for political reform.

Thomas Paine's pamphlet Common Sense attacked which of the following? Parliament for its continued opposition to the king of England The authors of the Declaration of Independence Politicians who believed a small island could not effectively rule a distant continent The king of England and the principle of monarchy France for its failure to support the colonial war effort

The king of England and the principle of monarchy

Which of the following provisions of the Compromise of 1850 provoked the most controversy in the 1850's? The ban on the slave trade in the District of Columbia The admission of California as a free state The establishment of the principle of popular sovereignty in the Mexican cession The continued protection of slavery in the District of Columbia The strengthened Fugitive Slave Law

The strengthened Fugitive Slave Law

All of the following statements about higher educa- tion in the United States from 1865 to 1917 are correct EXCEPT: Many new scientific and engineering institutions were established. Many states established new institutions under the provisions of the Morrill Act. An increasing number of institutions of higher education admitted women. Graduate education based on the German model became widespread. The teaching of religion became increasingly important at major northeastern institutions.

The teaching of religion became increasingly important at major northeastern institutions.

All of the following statements about higher education in the United States from 1865 to 1917 are correct EXCEPT: Many new scientific and engineering institutions were established. Many states established new institutions under the provisions of the Morrill Act. The teaching of religion became increasingly important at major northeastern institutions. Graduate education based on the German model became widespread. An increasing number of institutions of higher education admitted women.

The teaching of religion became increasingly important at major northeastern institutions.

What does Mr. Wilson mean with this comment? Pick the answer that BEST describes Mr. Wilson's quote. The National Government will be supreme. There will be a partnership between state and national governments. The United States is fated to fail like Persia, Turkey, and Rome. There will be an increase in state power under the new Constitution.

There will be a partnership between state and national governments.

City bosses and urban political machines in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries did which of the following? They encouraged racial integration of residential neighborhoods. They enabled the urban middle class to participate more effectively in politics. They provided some welfare for poor immigrants in exchange for political support. They promoted prohibition and the abolition of prostitution. They discouraged railroad and highway construction to prevent people from moving out of urban areas.

They provided some welfare for poor immigrants in exchange for political support.

Which of the following statements about Supreme Court decisions during the latter part of the nineteenth century is most accurate? They used the Fourteenth Amendment to create numerous environmental regulations and human rights, stifling American business growth. They reduced federal power over the states by narrowly defining the applicability of the Constitution to state law. They cleared the way for the liberal reforms of the twentieth century by broadly interpreting constitutional guarantees of individual rights. They had little practical effect because the executive branch consistently refused to enforce the Court's rulings.

They reduced federal power over the states by narrowly defining the applicability of the Constitution to state law.

Based on the information in this excerpt, what is Samuel Kercheval's point of view toward Bacon and his followers? They were allies of the governor who carried out actions that he supported They were a primarily political movement that wanted Bacon to become governor They were frustrated men who were taking action because the government did not They were dangerous men who threatened colonial stability and prosperity

They were frustrated men who were taking action because the government did not

Which of the following best describes the position on slavery of most northerners during the sectional crises of the 1850s? They advocated expansion of the slave system to provide cheap labor for northern factories. They favored continued importation of slaves from Africa. They advocated complete social and political equality for all races in the United States. They were active supporters of complete abolition. They were willing to accept slavery where it existed but opposed further expansion to the territories.

They were willing to accept slavery where it existed but opposed further expansion to the territories.

Which of the following groups held views most similar to the ideas expressed in this excerpt? Millennialists Revivalists Transcendentalists Phalanxes

Transcendentalists

On July 21st the Convention for a third time refused to approve today a fusion of veto power of the national Judiciary and Executive as a means to checkmate power of the Legislature. However in a unanimous vote, the Convention approved the power of an Executive Veto. How can a veto be overturned? Two-thirds vote in the House and Senate One-half vote in the House Three-quarters vote in the House and Senate Three-quarters vote in the Senate

Two-thirds vote in the House and Senate

The Congress of Industrial Organizations was most interested in unionizing which of the following? White-collar factory managers Unskilled and semiskilled factory workers Women clerical workers Migrant farmworkers Sailors on American merchant ships

Unskilled and semiskilled factory workers

The 1896 Supreme Court decision Plessy v. Ferguson did which of the following? Upheld literacy testing as a condition of voting in federal elections. Outlawed segregation in public schools. Restricted the right to purchase or sell land. Upheld segregated railroad facilities. Declared civil rights legislation unconstitutional.

Upheld segregated railroad facilities.

''In all things that are purely social we can be as separate as the fingers, yet one as the hand in all things essential to mutual progress." The statement above expressed the ideas of Sojourner Truth Theodore Roosevelt Ida B. Wells W. E. B. Du Bois Booker T. Washington

W. E. B. Du Bois

Which of the following had integration rather than Black separatism as a goal? Marcus Garvey and the Back-to-Africa movement Huey Newton and the Black Panther movement Stokely Carmichael and the Black Power movement W. E. B. Du Bois and the Niagara movement Elijah Muhammad and the Black Muslim movement

W. E. B. Du Bois and the Niagara movement

Which of the following emerged during the Progressive Era as the most influential advocate of full political, economic, and social equality for Black Americans? Ida B. Wells Frederick Douglass Booker T. Washington Langston Hughes W.E.B.DuBois

W.E.B.DuBois

The issue of freedom of the seas in World War I most closely resembles the cause of which of the following conflicts? Spanish-American War of 1898 War of 1812 Mexican War of 1846 The American Civil War

War of 1812

The assembly-line production of Henry Ford's Model T automobile resulted in which of the following by the end of the 1920s? A sharp decrease in railroad passenger traffic Widespread purchase of automobiles by average American families Construction of the federal interstate highway system The federal government's abandonment of research on air travel The development of a large international market for American automobiles

Widespread purchase of automobiles by average American families

The assembly-line production of Henry Ford's Model T automobile resulted in which of the following by the end of the 1920s? The federal government's abandonment of research on air travel Widespread purchase of automobiles by average American families Construction of the federal interstate highway system The development of a large international market for American automobiles A sharp decrease in railroad passenger traffic

Widespread purchase of automobiles by average American families

"Let Southern oppressors tremble . . . . I shall strenuously contend for immediate enfranchisement . . . . I will be as harsh as truth and as uncompromising as justice." The author of the statement above was John C. Calhoun Stephen A. Douglas William L. Garrison Abraham Lincoln Henry Clay

William L. Garrison

In 1840 the American Antislavery Society split into factions because the death of Elijah P. Lovejoy created a struggle for power within the organization most Americans rejected the goal of colonizing Black people its goals had been accomplished a new sentiment in Congress favoring abolitionism led to disagreement over the rights of former slaves William Lloyd Garrison's advocacy of women's rights and pacifism alienated some members

William Lloyd Garrison's advocacy of women's rights and pacifism alienated some members

Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in the New World, was founded by Sir Walter Raleigh, wishing to gain favor with Elizabeth I King James I, eager to gain a base for expeditions against Spanish shipping a joint stock company anxious to return a profit to investors John Smith, seeking to spread Christianity three aristocratic proprietors seeking private gain

a joint stock company anxious to return a profit to investors

During the 1930's, the Great Depression led to the nationalization of major industries the strengthening of the family unit and a higher birth rate a decline in highway construction a decrease in labor union membership a mass internal migration of Americans looking for work

a mass internal migration of Americans looking for work

The efforts described in the reading above occurred in the context of increased federal support for civil rights measures in the United States, as American political leaders sought to bolster the democratic image of the United States on a global stage. rapid industrialization in the South, which brought African American working-class activists in closer contact with whites. successful efforts by the U.S. military to segregate units fighting in the Spanish -American War and World War I, but resistance by state governments to follow the lead of the military. a nadir (lowest point) in race relations in the United States as scientific" ideas about race, inaction by the federal government, and rigid segregation in the South relegated African Americans to a second -class status in the United States.

a nadir (lowest point) in race relations in the United States as scientific" ideas about race, inaction by the federal government, and rigid segregation in the South relegated African Americans to a second -class status in the United States.

The greatest achievement of the government under the Articles of Confederation was its establishment of general postwar prosperity long-term sectional harmony a bicameral legislature a system for orderly settlement of the West a termination date for the international slave trade

a system for orderly settlement of the West

The issue of religious toleration figured prominently in the founding of colonies by all of the following EXCEPT a. James Oglethorpe b. Cecil Calvert c. Anne Hutchinson d. William Penn e. Roger Williams

a. James Oglethorpe

When war broke out in Europe in 1914, President Woodrow Wilson established a policy that called for immediate American aid to the Allied powers acknowledgment of American neutral rights on the high seas strict prohibition of American travel on the ships of belligerents a strict embargo on trade with all warring nations American trade with Europe on a cash-and-carry basis only

acknowledgment of American neutral rights on the high seas

Jefferson's purchase of Louisiana had its origins in his desire to acquire territory for the expansion of slavery demonstrate friendship for the French in the Napoleonic Wars remove the French from forts along the Mississippi valley oppose New England Federalism acquire a port to provide an outlet for western crops

acquire a port to provide an outlet for western crops

William Lloyd Garrison and the American Anti-Slavery Society were known for advocating immediate and uncompensated emancipation supporting the Kansas-Nebraska Act's provisions regarding slavery advocating colonization by former slaves in West Africa opposing women's participation in public abolitionist meetings advocating the use of tariff revenues to purchase slaves from slaveholders

advocating immediate and uncompensated emancipation

The 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act instituted popular sovereignty to prohibit slavery above Missouri's southern border allow people living in a territory to determine whether slavery should be permitted there allow towns to decide the issue of slavery on a case-by-case basis admit Kansas as a slave state and Nebraska as a free state assure that Congress had a constitutional right to establish or abolish slavery in new territories

allow people living in a territory to determine whether slavery should be permitted there

Pinckney's Treaty with Spain is considered a diplomatic highlight of Washington's administration because it invited Americans to settle in Texas opened Spanish Caribbean ports to American trade allowed the United States to use the port of New Orleans ceded Florida to the United States withdrew Spain's military forces from the Caribbean

allowed the United States to use the port of New Orleans

The Quakers were unique among the religious groups that settled in North America during the seventeenth century because they ounded a colony in which all inhabitants were obliged by law to subscribe to Quaker beliefs defended the rights of White people to hold American Indians in slavery emphasized the distance between the human and the divine emphasized religious conversion through revival meetings allowed women to speak publicly in their religious meetings and to be missionaries

allowed women to speak publicly in their religious meetings and to be missionaries

"One by one the southern states have legally disfranchised the Afro-American, and since the repeal of the Civil Rights Bill nearly every southern state has passed separate [railroad] car laws with a penalty against their infringement. The race, regardless of advancement, is penned into filthy, stifling partitions cut off from smoking cars." The author of the statement above was a Scalawag in the 1870s an African American Civil Rights worker in the 1970s an African American journalist in the 1890s a White southern Democrat in the 1930s a White segregationist in the 1910s

an African American journalist in the 1890s

The immediate effect of Andrew Jackson's attack on the Second Bank of the United States in 1834 was the establishment of modern banking regulations the creation of a federal deficit the failure of state banks the creation of the "independent treasury" an expansion of credit and speculation

an expansion of credit and speculation

In the last quarter of the nineteenth century, American agriculture was characterized by a decline in the number of tenant farmers an increase in wholesale prices for farm products a decline in foreclosures on midwestern farms a decline in the number of farm cooperatives an increase in acres under cultivation

an increase in acres under cultivation

The passage of the Pendleton Act was a direct result of the assassination of James A. Garfield assassination of Abraham Lincoln Supreme Court decision in Plessy v. Ferguson failure of Reconstruction

assassination of James A. Garfield

The intent of the Dawes Act of 1887 was to legally establish the communal nature of American Indian landholding recognize and preserve the tribal cultures of American Indians remove all American Indians to the Indian Territory (Oklahoma) assimilate American Indians into the mainstream of American culture restore to American Indians land seized unjustly

assimilate American Indians into the mainstream of American culture

The primary purpose of the Proclamation of 1763 was to encourage westward colonial migration gain much-needed revenue avoid conflict with the trans-Appalachian Indians drive out French colonists provide a haven for Catholics

avoid conflict with the trans-Appalachian Indians

All of the following have been cited as reasons for the dropping of atomic bombs on Japan in 1945 EXCEPT the need to keep the Soviet Union out of the war against Japan block a planned Japanese invasion of the United States force the unconditional surrender of Japan save American lives demonstrate American superiority in weaponry to the Soviet Union

block a planned Japanese invasion of the United States

In the mid-18th century, all of the following were generally true about slavery in the British colonies EXCEPT a. Planters thought it provided a more dependable labor supply than other options b. There were more slaves than indentured servants in the southern colonies c. It was strongly opposed in New England d. Slaves accounted for about half the population of Virginia e. Colonial laws gave slavery a permanent legal status.

c. It was strongly opposed in New England

Which of the following documents would be most useful in examining the origins of the constitutional government in colonial America a. the sermons of Puritan ministers b. newspaper commentary on the Halfway Covenant c. The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut d. political tracts concerning the Dominion of New England e. the correspondence of Sir Edmund Andros

c. The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

Although Congress accepted most of Alexander Hamilton's economic proposals, it rejected his plans for a Bank of the United States Report on the Public Credit call for a tariff call for a whiskey tax call for direct subsidies to manufacturers

call for direct subsidies to manufacturers

President Lincoln delayed issuing an Emancipation Proclamation because of his concern that it would free slaves before they were ready decrease power of the cotton industry increase foreign support for the Confederacy cause the border states to secede

cause the border states to secede

During the American Revolution, many women contributed to the cause of independence by serving in the Continental Army as soldiers petitioning the Continental Congress to give women the vote collecting money, medicine, and food to supply the Continental Army protecting Loyalists from mob violence forming Committees of Correspondence

collecting money, medicine, and food to supply the Continental Army

Progressive reformers rejected Social Darwinism because they believed that society was fixed by the laws of nature and incapable of significant change all races were equal in ability conflict and competition did not necessarily improve society personal development was influenced solely by heredity factors science had no role in society

conflict and competition did not necessarily improve society

The term "vertical integration" refers to Reconstruction-era efforts to assimilate newly freed slaves into all social strata of American society the industrial practice of assigning workers a single, repetitive task in order to maximize productivity control of all aspects of an industry, from production of raw materials to delivery of finished goods an architectural movement that sought to blend urban skyscrapers with the natural landscape surrounding them

control of all aspects of an industry, from production of raw materials to delivery of finished goods

"To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other power vested by this Constitution." Alexander Hamilton used the clause above to convince the federal government to create the First Bank of the United States substantiate his strict interpretation of the Constitution lobby Congress for a protective tariff to promote United States industry support his argument for a strong central government in The Federalist papers justify revising the Articles of Confederation

convince the federal government to create the First Bank of the United States

The crop that best fits Downing's description as one of the "great staples" in mid-19th century America was sugar tobacco cotton corn

cotton

In 1890 the most important source of revenue for the federal government was inheritance taxes sales taxes income taxes liquor taxes customs duties

customs duties

The United States went to war in 1812 for all of the following reasons EXCEPT to prevent France from recapturing the Louisiana Territory stop the British from searching and seizing American ships end British claims for repayment of Loyalist debt appease members of Congress who advocated war deal with conflicts between settlers and American Indians in the Northwest Territory

deal with conflicts between settlers and American Indians in the Northwest Territory

D. W. Griffith's epic film The Birth of a Nation (1915) became controversial because of its sympathetic treatment of Germany in the years before the First World War depiction of Ku Klux Klan activities as heroic and commendable celebration of America's cultural diversity portrayal of the Sons of Liberty as a radical mob celebration of American freedoms at a time of protest against radical groups

depiction of Ku Klux Klan activities as heroic and commendable

The Constitutional Convention of 1787 did all of the following EXCEPT determine provisions to be included in the Bill of Rights create a strong central government that would not threaten the sovereignty of the states establish a balance of power between the three branches of the national government create a government that would be satisfactory to both slave and free states create a government that would be satisfactory to both large and small states

determine provisions to be included in the Bill of Rights

A key purpose of Henry Clay's American System was to improve diplomatic relations with European nations by allowing free immigration develop a national economy by improving transportation create more interest in politics by eliminating voting restrictions remove American Indians to lands west of the Mississippi River to prevent further conflicts expand slavery into new territories to preserve its economic viability

develop a national economy by improving transportation

President George Washington's Farewell Address set a course for the nation by calling for strict term limits for federal officeholders endorsing the economic policies of the Federalists calling for the adoption of universal suffrage discouraging permanent alliances with foreign nations endorsing the two-party system

discouraging permanent alliances with foreign nations

The major goal of the Social Gospel movement in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was to send missionaries to convert American Indians to Protestantism draw the attention of Protestant churches to the plight of the urban poor promote the spread of Protestantism in United States territorial possessions encourage support for Charles Darwin's theory of biological evolution stimulate public interest in the principles of Anglo-Saxon superiority

draw the attention of Protestant churches to the plight of the urban poor

Alexander Hamilton's financial program was most favorable to southern planters western farmers war veterans state bankers eastern merchants

eastern merchants

The American home front in the Second World War is best described as economically invigorated by military spending unaffected by ethnic and racial tensions rededicated to the reform efforts of the New Deal demoralized by food shortages politically divided over the wisdom of the American war effort

economically invigorated by military spending

To encourage African Americans to fight, Hamilton suggested in the excerpt that they should be promised emancipation from slavery effective leadership from officers equal wages with white soldiers an end to prejudice

emancipation from slavery

Marcus Garvey's prominence during the 1920s arose from his financial and literary contributions to the Harlem Renaissance emphasis on the importance of Black pride and Black nationalism development of a national network of Black-owned businesses establishment of a political party focusing on civil rights issues service as an unofficial adviser to Presidents and cabinet members

emphasis on the importance of Black pride and Black nationalism

President Herbert Hoover approached the task of caring for unemployed workers during the Great Depression by asking large corporations to hire war veterans enlarging the federal government's payroll relying on the services of federal welfare agencies emphasizing the importance of private charities reactivating the dole

emphasizing the importance of private charities

President Herbert Hoover approached the task of caring for unemployed workers during the Great Depression by emphasizing the importance of private charities reactivating the dole relying on the services of federal welfare agencies enlarging the federal government's payroll asking large corporations to hire war veterans

emphasizing the importance of private charities

The Rosie the Riveter campaign during the Second World War encouraged women to enlist in the armed forces vote in union elections enter the labor force sew military uniforms join machinists' unions

enter the labor force

In the period 1650-1750, all of the following contributed to British North American colonists' sense of identity as British subjects EXCEPT the availability of British manufactured goods in the colonies increased circulation of London newspaper articles reprinted in the colonies warfare against the French and their American Indian allies growth of commerce across the Atlantic Ocean expansion of the colonies into western frontier regions

expansion of the colonies into western frontier regions

The LEAST prosperous group in the 1920s consisted of skilled workers threatened by new laborsaving technologies workers in older industries like steel and railroads farmers in the Midwest and the South workers in service industries workers in newer industries like radio and automobiles

farmers in the Midwest and the South

The "free silver" campaign of 1896 received its greatest popular support from bankers, who had run out of paper currency to invest New England businessmen, who were discriminated against under the existing banking system farmers, who hoped that a more generous money supply would ease their debt burdens Southern women, who incorporated it into a larger campaign for economic equality

farmers, who hoped that a more generous money supply would ease their debt burdens

The purpose of the immigration restriction acts passed in the 1920s was to deny citizenship to immigrants from Asia and Africa exclude Chinese immigration for a period of ten years favor northern and western European immigration favor southern and eastern European immigration limit immigration from Canada and Mexico

favor northern and western European immigration

The Palmer raids of 1919 to 1920 were most closely related to the enforcement of prohibition rise of racial unrest in the Midwest formation of the American Federation of Labor enforcement of child labor laws fear of communism and radicalism

fear of communism and radicalism

During the Second World War, Japanese Americans were relocated because of the continued efforts by the United States military to stop immigration to California fear of possible subversive activity against the war effort previous laws that had incarcerated German Americans the need for skilled workers in specialized industries in Utah and Montana the fact that most Japanese Americans were not citizens

fear of possible subversive activity against the war effort

President Jackson resisted the admission of Texas into the Union in 1836 primarily because he was ideologically opposed to territorial expansion could find no support within his own party for admitting Texas believed that admitting Texas would violate international law feared that debate over the admission of Texas would ignite controversy about slavery acknowledged the legitimacy of the Mexican government's claim to Texas

feared that debate over the admission of Texas would ignite controversy about slavery

All of the following contributed to the growth of the free African American population in the United States in the early nineteenth century EXCEPT federal constitutional provisions for emancipation the gradual emancipation laws of individual states manumission granted for Revolutionary War service natural increase among free African Americans manumission granted by slaveholders' wills

federal constitutional provisions for emancipation

Andrew Carnegie's Gospel of Wealth was based on the belief that wealthy industrialists should use their wealth to acquire additional landholdings in the West create new businesses finance philanthropic endeavors pay workers better wages and benefits live in luxury

finance philanthropic endeavors

The main goal of the Marshall Plan was to defend Greece and Turkey from communist subversion create a strong military alliance between the United States and Western Europe strengthen the Chinese nationalists against the Chinese communists speed the economic recovery and democratization of Japan finance the economic reconstruction of Western Europe

finance the economic reconstruction of Western Europe

In an influential 1947 article, diplomat George F. Kennan advocated that the United States should conduct covert activities in underdeveloped countries to undermine communist movements invade the Soviet Union to establish democracy focus its foreign policy on containing the spread of Soviet communism grant most-favored-nation status to China adopt a more conciliatory policy toward the Soviet Union

focus its foreign policy on containing the spread of Soviet communism

The Battle of Antietam, September 17, 1862, is considered pivotal to the outcome of the Civil War because it confirmed George McClellan's status as the leading Union general forestalled the possibility of European intervention resulted in the border states joining the Confederacy marked the first use of Black troops by the Union army represented the Union's deepest thrust into southern territory

forestalled the possibility of European intervention

The flappers of the 1920's challenged traditional American attitudes about women by supporting greater freedom in manner of dress and moral behavior a federal law to establish prenatal clinics in rural areas gender equality in salaries a federal birth control and abortion rights protection law an equal rights amendment

gender equality in salaries

During the Civil War, the Republican Party passed legislation promoting economic development concerning all of the following EXCEPT the granting of government subsidies to encourage the export of manufactured goods passage of the Homestead Act provision of government loans and land grants to private companies to construct a transcontinental railroad organization of a national banking system to provide a uniform national currency establishment of a high tariff to protect American industry from foreign competition

granting of government subsidies to encourage the export of manufactured goods

By passing the Navigation Acts in the 1600s and 1700s, the British government intended to stimulate direct trade between British North American colonies and Spain and France reduce shipping costs between Britain and its North American colonies end colonial complaints about unjust taxation and regulation guarantee that the British government would have a financial share of all colonial exports create a source of income for British royal governors to use for improving colonial roads and canals

guarantee that the British government would have a financial share of all colonial exports

Andrew Johnson was impeached because he refused to carry out Lincoln's plan for reconstruction he violated the Tenure of Office Act by firing Secretary of War Stanton Congress was controlled by Republicans and he was a Democrat he vetoed the Wade-Davis Bill

he violated the Tenure of Office Act by firing Secretary of War Stanton

In the 1930's, the movement led by Dr. Francis Townsend contributed to congressional approval of a law providing larger federal subsidies to farmers insuring the bank deposits of consumers protecting ethnic minorities from discrimination securing federal protection of labor union organizers implementing a federal program of old-age benefits

implementing a federal program of old-age benefits

Constitutional amendments enacted during the Progressive Era concerned all of the following EXCEPT procedures for electing United States senators extension of suffrage to women prohibition of the sale of alcoholic beverages imposition of poll taxes imposition of an income tax

imposition of an income tax

A major consequence of the French and Indian War of 1754-1763 was the shrinking of Spanish territorial claims in North America imposition of new taxes on the British North American colonies removal of British troops from the thirteen colonies legal settlement of the trans-Appalachian frontier by British colonists change in status of the proprietary colonies to royal colonies

imposition of new taxes on the British North American colonies

A major consequence of the French and Indian war of 1754-1763 was the change in status of the proprietary colonies to royal colonies Legal settlement of the trans-Appalachian frontier by British Colonists imposition of new taxes on the British North American colonies removal of British troops from the thirteen colonies shrinking of Spanish territorial claims in North America

imposition of new taxes on the British North American colonies

Free coinage of silver was intended to increase the money supply eliminate the gold standard benefit people on fixed incomes. benefit creditors

increase the money supply

A distinguishing feature of American society in the early nineteenth century was the creation of original forms of art and architecture increasing readership of newspapers dislike of voluntary associations lack of enthusiasm for religious reform embrace of an aristocratic hierarchy

increasing readership of newspapers

An overview of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era inevitably narrows to three major movements: immigration, civil rights and urbanization industrialization, immigration, and urbanization. industrialization, civil rights and urbanization civil rights, industrialization and immigration

industrialization, immigration, and urbanization.

Stevens disagrees with those who oppose free public education because schools are under Protestant influences it is an example of government control schools lack qualified teachers it will result in increased taxes

it will result in increased taxes

The major opposition to the Mexican War was based on the belief that Thoureau's ideas about non-violence were correct it would expand slavery the nation could not pay for a war the British would intervene

it would expand slavery

In Marbury v. Madison, the United States Supreme Court affirmed the broad scope of the federal government's commerce power its right to determine the constitutionality of state laws the sanctity of property rights against harassment by unfriendly state legislatures its right to determine the constitutionality of state court decisions ts right to determine the constitutionality of congressional enactments

its right to determine the constitutionality of state laws

According to Mayhew, the people should be willing to challenge abuses by the slave owners church ministers king royal governors

king

The dispute over electoral votes in the election of 1876 led many members of Congress to push for a Constitutional amendment to abolish the electoral college was similar to the election of 2000 in that the Supreme Court ultimately had to step in and decide the election was resolved when Samuel J. Tilden conceded the election to Rutherford B. Hayes was resolved by a special bipartisan commission and resulted in the end of military reconstruction

led many members of Congress to push for a Constitutional amendment to abolish the electoral college

Under the Articles of Confederation the United States central government had no power to make treaties amend the Articles request troops from states declare war levy taxes

levy taxes

In the late nineteenth century, political machines such as Tammany Hall were successful primarily because they operated primarily in rural areas, where the government could not monitor their activities they championed the suffragettes and received their support in return they focused on accomplishing only a narrow set of human rights objectives machine politicians provided needed jobs and services to naturalized citizens in return for their votes

machine politicians provided needed jobs and services to naturalized citizens in return for their votes

All of the following led Congress to impose Radical Reconstruction measures EXCEPT the enactment of Black Codes by southern legislatures response of southern legislatures to the Fourteenth Amendment massive exodus of former slaves from the South election of former Confederates to Congress outbreak of race riots in New Orleans and Memphis

massive exodus of former slaves from the South

Colonial cities functioned primarily as? mercantile centers for collecting agricultural goods and distributing imported manufactured goods. places where most poor immigrants settled and worked as independent artisans. centers of light manufacturing. centers where large scale financial and banking operations were conducted. places to which wage earners commuted from numerous surrounding communities.

mercantile centers for collecting agricultural goods and distributing imported manufactured goods.

The leaders of the Progressive movement were primarily representatives of industries seeking higher tariffs immigrant activists attempting to change restrictive immigration laws middle-class reformers concerned with urban and consumer issues workers concerned with establishing industrial unions farmers interested in improving agricultural production

middle-class reformers concerned with urban and consumer issues

The purpose of the Committee on Public Information, headed by George Creel, was to mobilize popular support for the First World War educate the public about health and nutrition during the Progressive Era prosecute unfair business practices during the Progressive Era prosecute allegations of sedition during the First World War investigate unsafe factory conditions during the Progressive Era

mobilize popular support for the First World War

Policy initiatives during Franklin D. Roosevelt's first two presidential terms included all of the following EXCEPT creating new jobs in the public sector restricting agricultural production deficit financing restoring public confidence in the banking system nationalizing basic industries

nationalizing basic industries

The financial programs of Alexander Hamilton included all of the following EXCEPT nullification of all private debts to the states assumption of all state debts imposition of a tax on distilled liquor establishment of the Bank of the United States funding of the national debt

nullification of all private debts to the states

The "Three-Fifths Compromise" originally contained in the Constitution referred to the rate at which one slave counted toward congressional representation proportion of states permitted to practice slavery number of American Indians allowed citizenship number of adult women who could vote number of African Americans who could vote

number of African Americans who could vote

The Open Door policy of the early twentieth century called for open access to China for American investment and commercial interests the elimination of passports for international travel the opening of United States markets to foreign goods unlimited European immigration into the United States the continuation of the Monroe Doctrine in the Western Hemisphere

open access to China for American investment and commercial interests

An underlying cause of the Great Depression, which began in 1929, was the implementation of free-trade policies after the First World War the budget deficit incurred after the First World War overproduction in the manufacturing and farm sectors excessive government control of business and industry withdrawal of foreign investments from the United States

overproduction in the manufacturing and farm sectors

An underlying cause of the Great Depression, which began in 1929, was the implementation of free-trade policies after the First World War the budget deficit incurred after the First World War overproduction in the manufacturing and farm sectors withdrawal of foreign investments from the United States excessive government control of business and industry

overproduction in the manufacturing and farm sectors

The purpose of the Lend-Lease Act was to provide military supplies to the Allies lend money to impoverished farmers exchange scientific information among nations create military bases outside the borders of the United States provide subsidies to railroads and businesses

provide military supplies to the Allies

The most controversial and divisive component of the Compromise of 1850 was the measure's endorsement of popular sovereignty passage of a tougher national fugitive slave act legislation permitted the surveying of a southern transcontinental railway line admittance of Texas as a slave state admittance of Missouri as a slave state and the establishment of the 36°30' line

passage of a tougher national fugitive slave act

All of the following contributed to Northern fear of a slave power conspiracy in the 1840s and 1850s EXCEPT the decision of the Supreme Court in the Dred Scott case proposal of the Ostend Manifesto enforcement of a new fugitive slave law passage of the Wilmot Proviso imposition of a gag rule in the House of Representatives

passage of the Wilmot Proviso

The objective of the Bonus Expeditionary Force that marched on Washington, D.C., in 1932 was to obtain higher commodity prices for farmers payment of money to veterans of the First World War legal rights for members of the Communist party better education for children civil rights for African Americans

payment of money to veterans of the First World War

The objective of the Bonus Expeditionary Force that marched on Washington, D.C., in 1932 was to obtain legal rights for members of the Communist party higher commodity prices for farmers payment of money to veterans of the First World War civil rights for African Americans better education for children

payment of money to veterans of the First World War

The era from the end of the Civil War to the out- break of the First World War was characterized by a sluggish economy except during times of mobilization for war periodic economic panic and depression uninterrupted economic growth persistent inflation because of the influx of gold and silver into the economy the emergence of large federal deficits

periodic economic panic and depression

The development of commercial farming in the Old Northwest by the time of this excerpt was written gave support to higher crop prices expansion of slavery Western settlements population growth in Eastern cities

population growth in Eastern cities

The purpose of the Truman Doctrine of 1947was to prevent communism from spreading further through military aggression decrease the risk of nuclear war by placing atomic weaponry under the control of the United Nations prevent the spread of independence movements in European colonies in Asia and Africa create an atmosphere of trust in which negotiation with the Soviet Union would have the best chance for success retake Eastern Europe from the Soviet Union

prevent communism from spreading further through military aggression

The Louisiana Purchase proved politically troubling for Thomas Jefferson because of his disdain for involvement in a foreign country's affairs veto of funding for Meriwether Lewis and William Clark's expedition admiration of France's military power devotion to new methods of cartography previous support for a strict interpretation of the Constitution

previous support for a strict interpretation of the Constitution

Under Chief Justice John Marshall, Supreme Court decisions tended to reduce federal control of the economy restrict federal powers of taxation expand state control of economic activity promote business enterprise restrict corporate development

promote business enterprise

The government of the Articles of Confederation was successful in resolving the problem of how to enable American citizens to trade through the port of New Orleans overcome state-imposed tariff barriers to interstate commerce ecure sufficient funds for payment of the national debt open British Caribbean ports to American trade provide for statehood for western territories

provide for statehood for western territories

During the 1920s, both the Saco and Vanzetti case and the rise of the new Ku Klux Klan reflected public fear and resentment of southern and eastern European immigrants the decreased influence of fundamentalist religious groups increased racism resulting from the migration of Black southerners to urban centers in the North widespread opposition to Congress' decision to join the League of Nations growing lawlessness resulting from the passage of the Eighteenth Amendment (Prohibition)

public fear and resentment of southern and eastern European immigrants

The purpose of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933 was to ease the economic difficulties of sharecroppers and tenant farmers expand agricultural production by subsidizing farmers provide for the distribution of surplus meat and produce to the poor raise farm prices by limiting agricultural production reapportion electoral districts to give farmers greater representation in Congress

raise farm prices by limiting agricultural production

The most important factor in Andrew Jackson's successful bid for the presidency in 1828 was his reputation as an intellectual thinker and writer commitment to broad-based social reform reputation as a hero of the War of 1812 choice of John C. Calhoun as his running mate extensive experience in elective office

reputation as a hero of the War of 1812

Herbert Hoover responded to the onset of the Great Depression by enforcing antitrust statutes expanding free trade with neighboring countries imposing price controls on farm goods providing federal funds for the construction of low-cost housing requesting that business leaders maintain levels of wages and production

requesting that business leaders maintain levels of wages and production

The goal of the American Colonization Society was to extend United States influence to overseas colonies promote western expansion by funding internal improvements assimilate recent immigrants into American society recruit immigrant labor for American factories return freed slaves to Africa

return freed slaves to Africa

One reason early twentieth century muckrakers were able to have a significant impact on society was because they had the sympathy and support of industrialists like Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller sales and circulation of newspapers and magazines increased radio programs devoted to the problems in cities attracted wide listening audiences drought conditions in the Midwest drew attention to social problems most citizens of the United States were already convinced that Jim Crow laws must be overturned

sales and circulation of newspapers and magazines increased

The principle of popular sovereignty stated that slavery would not be permitted in any area after 1848 settlers in the Western territories, not Congress, would decide whether to allow slavery in their territories the president, after meeting with public interest groups, was to decide on whether slaves would be allowed in a given territory whenever a new area was settled, all United States citizens were required to vote on the slave status of that area

settlers in the Western territories, not Congress, would decide whether to allow slavery in their territories

"We do not know whether free laborers ever sleep.... The free laborer must work or starve. He is more of a slave than the negro, because he works longer and harder for less allowance than the slave, and has no holiday, because the cares of life with him begin when its labors end. He has no liberty, and not a single right." --George Fitzhugh, Cannibals All! or, Slaves Without Masters, 1857 The excerpt above reflects the common argument in the antebellum South that slavery was immoral industrialists took care of their workers' welfare slaves lived better than northern factory workers the South needed to change to survive capitalism was the economic system most likely to generate wealth and happiness for the most people

slaves lived better than northern factory workers

At the local level in the North, Democrats and Republicans were deeply divided over tariff issues. money policy. racial issues. social issues.

social issues.

The "new immigrants" who arrived in the United States after the Civil War were different from the"old immigrants" in that they spoke different languages and had different customs than most Americans and thus were not easily assimilated were better prepared than previous immigrants had been to face the challenges of urbanization settled in rural areas in the Midwest where land was plentiful came mostly from Latin American countries

spoke different languages and had different customs than most Americans and thus were not easily assimilated

The Kentucky and Virginia resolutions, the Hartford Convention, and the South Carolina Exposition and Protest were similar in that all involved a defense of freedom of the seas freedom of speech states' rights the institution of slavery presidential power in foreign affairs

states' rights

President Calvin Coolidge and his secretary of the Treasury, Andrew Mellon, pursued an economic policy that featured a bimetallic monetary standard tax cuts for the wealthy and corporations a sustained downward revision of the tariff effective regulation of the stock market and Wall Street innovative programs to help beleaguered farmers

tax cuts for the wealthy and corporations

President Calvin Coolidge and his secretary of the Treasury, Andrew Mellon, pursued an economic policy that featured tax cuts for the wealthy and corporations innovative programs to help beleaguered farmers a sustained downward revision of the tariff effective regulation of the stock market and Wall Street a bimetallic monetary standard

tax cuts for the wealthy and corporations

The Republican Presidents of the 1920's favored membership in the League of Nations stringent federal regulation of American business reduced American tariffs on foreign imports tax cuts for wealthy Americans forgiveness of European war debts from the First World War

tax cuts for wealthy Americans

British colonists in North America objected to the Stamp Act primarily because it taxed them without their consent threatened the free press closed the colonial courts disrupted trade with the West Indies enriched corrupt officials

taxed them without their consent

The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution established the freedom of all slaves not emancipated under Abraham Lincoln's proclamation the power of the federal government to intervene in state affairs to protect individual liberties federal protection for African Americans from Ku Klux Klan terrorism that suffrage cannot be denied based on race, color, or previous servitude the right of citizenship for any person born in the United States

that suffrage cannot be denied based on race, color, or previous servitude

During the Great Depression, the federal government responded with force when protesters displayed "Hoover flags," empty pockets turned inside out mobs of farmers tried to prevent foreclosures on farms and threatened to lynch judges who allowed them audiences booed newsreels showing President Herbert Hoover the Bonus Expeditionary Force encamped in Washington the communist-dominated National Mine Workers' Union denounced the American government and flag

the Bonus Expeditionary Force encamped in Washington

"The God that holds you over the pit of hell, as one holds a spider, or some loathsome insect over the fire, abhors you, and is dreadfully provoked; his wrath toward you burns like fire; he looks upon you as worth of nothing else, but to be cast into the fire;...and yet it is nothing by his hand that holds you from falling into the fire every moment." The quotation above contains ideas typical of: antinomianism the Enlightenment Quakerism the Great Awakening the Anti-Federalists

the Great Awakening

In 1860 Abraham Lincoln was elected president on a Republican platform that advocated all of the following EXCEPT the exclusion of slavery from United States territorial possessions the abolition of slavery throughout the United States government subsidies for a transcontinental railroad higher protective tariffs free western land for settlers who would live and work on it

the abolition of slavery throughout the United States

The farmers' protest movement lost momentum at the end of the 1890's for all of the following reasons EXCEPT massive immigration into urban areas that led to higher prices for agricultural products the 1898 Yukon gold strike that increased the United States government's supply of gold and eased farmers' access to credit crop failures in Europe that led to an increase in United States grain exports the failure of the People's party in the 1896 election the absorption of the populists by the AFL (American Federation of Labor)

the absorption of the populists by the AFL (American Federation of Labor)

Sojourner Truth saw connection between the women's rights movement and the antislavery movement the cult of domesticity the Constitution the Second Great Awakening

the antislavery movement

Although Progressive Era reformers held different opinions about many issues of the day, they shared a belief in the expanding role of the United States as an imperial power the capacity of trained professionals to find rational, scientific solutions to society's problems the creation of a classless society the creation of an organization to promote international peace an ideal society based on shared ownership through voluntary organizations rather than increasing government power

the capacity of trained professionals to find rational, scientific solutions to society's problems

Henry Hudson is known as the captain who found the Northwest Passage a "Navigator's Navigator" the founder of New York City the explorer who deserted his own country

the captain who found the Northwest Passage

The belief by some Americans that the Civil War was "a rich man's war but a poor man's fight" was reflected in John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry the draft riots in New York City Sherman's march to Atlanta Lincoln's suspension of habeas corpus in the South Thoreau's denunciation of the war

the draft riots in New York City

All of the following contributed to the passage of the Eighteenth Amendment legislating Prohibition in 1919 EXCEPT the high death toll from alcohol-related automobile accidents the Progressive belief in social reform the cumulative impact of state prohibition laws the fervor of the First World War lending patriotism to the cause of prohibition the continued efforts of the Anti-Saloon League

the high death toll from alcohol-related automobile accidents

The Supreme Court ruling in Korematsu v. United States upheld the constitutionality of the internment of Japanese Americans as a wartime necessity prohibiting Japanese workers from immigrating to the United States excluding Japanese American children from California public schools flag burning as a form of free speech private prayer in public schools

the internment of Japanese Americans as a wartime necessity

The Wilmot Proviso specifically provided for the prohibition of slavery in lands acquired from Mexico in the Mexican War the primacy of federal law over state-legislated Black Codes the prohibition of slavery in Louisiana Purchase territory the abolition of the international slave trade federal return of fugitive slaves

the prohibition of slavery in lands acquired from Mexico in the Mexican War

One distinguishing feature of the new middle class that emerged in the 1830s and 1840s was the fact that almost all middle-class men attended graduate and professional schools its members' support for ending legal immigration from eastern Europe the separation of economic production from the home and family life its members' tendency to be tolerant of religious diversity the fact that most married women worked outside the home to provide income for their families

the separation of economic production from the home and family life

Slave labor was brought to the Western Hemisphere by colonists because there was a lack of manpower to do the labor-intensive work of harvesting sugarcane. Aztec and Inca leaders had already begun to import slaves even before Spanish explorers arrived. the region was lightly populated when the Spanish arrived. Native Americans were unfamiliar with the tools and methods necessary to harvest sugarcane.

there was a lack of manpower to do the labor-intensive work of harvesting sugarcane.

Southern Democrats adopted the name "Redeemers" in the 1870s because they worked on behalf of raising the standard of living of poor whites. they "redeemed" the two-party system in the South. they wanted the federal government to redeem bonds issued by the Confederacy during the Civil War. they claimed to have "redeemed" the South from northern Republican domination.

they claimed to have "redeemed" the South from northern Republican domination.

Five of the thirteen states voted for ratification the Constitution only after slavery was allowed to continue without federal interference the other states threatened to organize the government without them several slave revolts rocked the Carolinas and Virginia they were assured that the Supreme Court would have the power of judicial review they were assured that a Bill of Rights would be added shortly after ratification

they were assured that a Bill of Rights would be added shortly after ratification

The Woman's Christian Temperance Union argued that women needed the vote to fulfill their domestic responsibilities in the public sphere. because they had the same citizenship rights as men. because they were naturally equal to men. to purify politics.

to fulfill their domestic responsibilities in the public sphere.

The American Colonization Society was established in the early nineteenth century with the goal of transporting African Americans to Africa settling American Indians on reservations settling White Americans on western lands encouraging Chinese contract laborers to emigrate to the United States encouraging immigration from Ireland and Germany

transporting African Americans to Africa

President Theodore Roosevelt addressed all of the following issues during his presidency EXCEPT unsafe drug products monopolization and consolidation in the railroad industry unsanitary conditions in the meat-packing industry railroad freight rates insider trading on the stock market

unsafe drug products

At the end of the nineteenth century, the desire of American business to control supplies of raw materials led to development of the putting-out system horizontal integration vertical integration development of the factory system automation of industry

vertical integration

President Monroe articulated the Monroe Doctrine in his 1823 address to Congress primarily in order to rule out United States involvement in South America provide a rationale for United States intervention in the Isthmus of Panama warn European nations against further colonial ventures in the Western Hemisphere respond positively to the recent Latin American revolutions encourage Britain to help the fledgling Latin American states

warn European nations against further colonial ventures in the Western Hemisphere

The Middle Passage was the stage of the triangular trade in which millions of Africans were shipped to the New World as slaves was the stage of the triangular trade in which textiles were traded for raw materials was a benign campaign by the British to liberate exploited and undereducated Africans from their native countries was the stage of the triangular trade in which molasses was traded for rum was the search for a passage through North America to support English mercantilism

was the stage of the triangular trade in which millions of Africans were shipped to the New World as slaves

The very first Americans predated Spain's arrival in the New World by only two centuries were nomadic wanderers were subsistence farmers lived in permanent sites

were nomadic wanderers

The scalawags were Northern politicians who traveled to the South after the Civil War to exploit the political and economic instability for their own personal gain white Southerners who supported Republican policies during Reconstruction another name for the Redeemers, who refused to accept the fact that the South had lost the Civil WarSupreme Court ultimately had to step in and decide the election advocates of civil rights for the newly freed slaves

white Southerners who supported Republican policies during Reconstruction

A major part of the Confederate strategy for winning independence was based on developing factories to manufacture weapons winning recognition and support from Great Britain building a modern navy to break the Union blockade encircling the Union capital, Washington, D.C.

winning recognition and support from Great Britain

After the Revolution, the concept of the "republican mother" suggested that women's virtues had been the inspiration for the ideals of the Revolution wives and mothers would be welcome in the emerging political parties women would be responsible for raising their children, especially their sons, to be virtuous citizens of the young republic the first duty of mothers was to serve the needs of government voting would soon become a privilege granted to educated and/or married women

women would be responsible for raising their children, especially their sons, to be virtuous citizens of the young republic

In the early 1830's, the majority of workers in the textile mills of Massachusetts were men who were heads of households young unmarried women from rural New England free African Americans from urban areas married women whose children were of school age newly arrived immigrants from Ireland

young unmarried women from rural New England