Apush Time Period 5 Chapter 16-17 Review

All of the following were true of the Walker Tariff of 1846 except that it did which of the following? 1. Had the strong support of low-tariff southerners 2. Was followed by boom times and heavy imports 3. Proved to be a poor revenue producer 4. Resulted in loud complaints from the Clayites, especially in New England and the middle states 5. Reduced the average rates of the Tariff of 1842 from about 32% to 25%

3. Proved to be a poor revenue producer

Polk was not the smartest politician but he was very persistent, and never gave up on something he desired to achieve.

1. Polk passed the Walker Tariff of 1846. This lowered American tariffs from 30 percent. Opposing Clayites who thought it would ruin American manufacturing were wrong because it actually increased revenue and boosted the economy. 2. Polk settled the Oregon territory disputes with Great Britain after deciding to divide the land at the forty-ninth parallel instead of the fifty-fourth. Some were upset, yet most happy b/c no blood was shed to come to the agreement.

How was the British-American dispute over the border of Maine and Canada solved? 1. By a negotiated political compromise that gave each side some territory along the disputed border 2. By the Caroline incident 3. When America was given all the disputed territory in question as a result of a binding arbitration decision made by three neutral countries 4. By the total victory of the United States in the Aroostook War in 1842 5. By admitting Maine into the Union and New Brunswick into Canada

1. By a negotiated political compromise that gave each side some territory along the disputed border

Check Understanding: Sections 16.5-16.7 Why did the British government desire a political and military alliance with the independent Republic of Texas? 1. This area would provide an excellent base from which to attack the United States. 2. The alliance would help to support the Monroe Doctrine. 3. Texas could become a location for the settlement of undesirable British emigres. 4. Such an alliance would limit the ability of the United States to achieve political and economic dominance of Latin America. 5. Mexican efforts to attack the United States would be stopped.

4. Such an alliance would limit the ability of the United States to achieve political and economic dominance of Latin America.

What was one argument against annexing Texas to the United States? 1. It could involve the country in a series of ruinous wars in America and Europe. 2. It was not supported by the people of Texas. 3. It would lead to tensions and possible war with the British. 4. It offered little political or economic value to America. 5. It might give more power to the supporters of slavery.

5. It might give more power to the supporters of slavery.

Disputes over debt and land led to a very strained relationship between the United States and Mexico, especially over the border of Texas and Mexico.

1. America was not in a great place with Mexico because the U.S. wanted to buy California from Mexico and Mexico would not allow it. The Mexicans also had $3 million in damages to citizens and property to pay to America. 2. The biggest issue was boundary questions and threats of war arising. Mexico said they would declare war on America if they acquired their Texas territory. Polk did not know where the Texas border should be (somewhere between the Rio and Nueces rivers).

British and America laid claim to the Oregon Territory, and could not agree upon the border between British and American territory.

1. Americans had a slight foothold over the British regarding the Oregon territory because of the Lewis and Clark expeditions and the presence of settlers. Nonetheless, disagreements between the U.S. and Britain continued because Britain wanted the vital Columbia River below the 49th parallel. 2. Tensions heightened in the 1840s when Americans had "Oregon Fever" and went on 2000-mile journeys west to start new lives. The American population grew rapidly in the West and Britain could not keep up, realizing they needed a compromise. This was overshadowed by the presidential election of 1844.

Britain and America had very different ways of life, and both disagreed with how the other lived, causing many verbal and physical conflicts.

1. Both British and American people began writing literature in the 1830s-40s that attacked the culture and character of each. English authors such as Charles Dickens wrote of American disillusionments about their country. This verbal war was called the "Third War with England". 2. America was in debt to England and the English became mad in 1836 when America had a financial crisis and could not pay their bonds. Another conflict erupted in 1837 when an American steam boat carrying items across the Niagara was attacked and set on fire by british forces (1 american killed).

The Americans and British disputed over wilderness territory along the St. Lawrence River, leading to a short war and eventual compromise.

1. Canadians (British) wanted land west of the St. Lawrence river from Maine to Quebec. This land was disputed over and the local lumberjacks from Canada and Maine summoned the local militia, starting the short Aroostook War. 2. The U.S. and Canada came to negotiations by giving America 7,000 square mi of land and Canada 5000 square mi. The Canadians got less land, yet received the area they wanted.

John Tyler faced great disdain from the Whig Party and was eventually expelled from the party by a group of Whig Congressmen.

1. Clay proposed a bill to Tyler for a "Fiscal Bank" that would establish a new Bank of the U.S.. Tyler immediately vetoed it and received extreme and harsh threats/feedback from the Whigs. 2. The Whigs of Congress proposed a tariff that would distribute revenue to the states from western public land sales. Tyler was extremely reluctant and vetoed it at first, then passed it later after once again facing backlash from the whigs and realizing that it would benefit the country. The Congressional Whigs took over.

The Democrats won the 1844 election and claimed that their win was a mandate that the public supports expansion of country.

1. In the election of 1844, Democrat James Polk used manifest destiny ideology to support expansionism. He wanted to reannex Texas and gain lall of the American territory from the British using the slogan, "Fifty Four[th parallel] or Fight." 2. 3 days before leaving the white house, Tyler signed the joint-resolution to annex texas because of the growth of manifest destiny through Polk's rallying to win the election. The democrats thought that they had received a mandate from the voters to take Texas.

Mexico refused Texan independence, forcing texas to constantly maintain a military presence. This pushed Texas to look for support from nations like Britain and France.

1. Mexico constantly threatened war on Texas if they tried to receive protection from the U.S.. Mexico thought of Texas as territory that would eventually be reconquered by them. The Comanche even raided Texas a handful of times to perpetuate fear. 2. Britain was extremely interested in Texas. They had underlying hopes of relieving themselves of dependence on American fiber products, upsetting American tariffs (Americans would get less money), and undermining the Monroe Doctrine.

James Polk was looking for a reason to declare war on Mexico over the border of Texas and gaining California, and was able to get it when Mexican troops apparently crossed the Rio Grande and attacked the American military stationed there.

1. Polk sent American troops to storm Mexico in 1846 before declaring war. He wanted to declare war because of unpaid claims and Slidell's rejection (Mexico not allowing the U.S. to have California). These were flimsy reasons and Congress waited until Mexico fired first. 2. It was said that Mexicans crossed the Rio and attacked 16 Americans, giving Congress a reason to start war. Polk was impatient and did not want to wait to acquire Texas and California from unwilling Mexico.

John Tyler took over office after William Henry Harrison died, and struggled to gain support from the other Whigs in the party because he was seen as an outsider.

1. Tyler was part of a small Jacksonian minority and found himself at odds with nationalists like Henry Clay and Daniel Webster. Tyler was against the American System. 2. His enemies accused him of being a democrat in Whig clothing because he used to be a democrat.

All of the following were true of Whigs' gripes with John Tyler except: 1. His entire cabinet resigned in a body, except Secretary of State Webster. 2. Whigs attempted repeatedly to get him to approve a centralized bank. 3. Tyler's hostility to a centralized bank was notorious. 4. He was impeached by the House of Representatives. 5. They condemned Tyler as "His Accidency" and as an "Executive Ass."

4. He was impeached by the House of Representatives.

Manifest Destiny (1840s and 1850s)

Belief that the United States was destined by God to spread its "empire of liberty" across North America. Served as a justification for mid-nineteenth-century expansionism.

Review 16.1-16.4 questions Why did the Whigs put John Tyler in the 1840 election as vice president? 1. To attract the vote of the states' rightists 2. To respond to the Democrats' expansionist appeal 3. To attract Northern votes 4. To have him instead of President William Henry Harrison actually run the executive branch 5. To reward him for his strong support of the Whig party platform

1. To attract the vote of the states' rightists John Tyler's enemies claimed he was a Democrat in Whig clothing, but he simply belonged to the minority of Whigs who embraced a number of Jeffersonian states' righters. In fact, Tyler was put on the 1840 ticket as vice president to attract the vote of this fringe group, many of whom were influential southern gentry.

What did the Manifest Destiny slogan "Fifty-four Forty or Fight" refer to? 1. Expansionist calls to create forty new states by 1854 2. American demands for acquiring all of the Oregon territory from Britain 3. The American demand that Britain hand over fifty-four islands and forty ships in the Caribbean 4. American demands for acquiring California and New Mexico from Mexico 5. American demands that Canada hand over land along the Maine and 6.Minnesota boundaries

2. American demands for acquiring all of the Oregon territory from Britain

Check Your Understanding: Sections 16.8-16.9 What was the most immediate result of James Polk's Successful Manifest Destiny campaign? 1. The Mexican War 2. The annexation of Texas to the United States 3. American acquisition of California 4. A rush of American settlers into the Pacific Northwest 5. The abolition of all tariffs and barriers to trade

2. The annexation of Texas to the United States

What group was instrumental in saving Oregon for the United States? 1. The Hudson's Bay Company 2. Mormon settlers from Utah 3. American Christian missionaries to the Indians 4. U.S. naval forces in Puget Sound 5. The Lewis and Clark expedition

3. American Christian missionaries to the Indians

Texas was invited to become the 28th state to the Union after the joint resolution of 1845.

1. President Tyler decided to mandate the obtainment of Texas and make it a state. He wanted to limit the power of the Whigs who did not want Texas as a state because they had fears of slavery expanding as a result. 2. Tyler required a joint-resolution for a 2/3 vote to pass Texas in the senate and Congress. It was annexed ( to add territory to one's own territory by appropriation) in 1845. Yet, Comanches still attacked Texas from Mexico out of anger and whatever hope remained to reclaim their territory. This was menacing to the Mexican and American people.