APUSH Time Period 6

Women in nineteenth-century western mining towns *were nearly all single when they first arrived. *had few economic opportunities outside of prostitution. *often greatly outnumbered the men. *generally worked as miners. *often found work doing domestic tasks.

often found work doing domestic tasks.

In his writings during the late 1800s, the popular author Hamlin Garland *criticized western farmers for failing to develop a stable industry. *romanticized agrarian life in the West. *suggested the trials of rural life refined and enlarged the human spirit. *argued the Plains should be abandoned by Americans. *reflected the growing disillusionment of western farmers.

reflected the growing disillusionment of western farmers.

Before 1860, the traditional policy of the federal government was to regard Indians partly as *members of dependent states. *wards of the president of the United States. *citizens of the United States. *a natural enemy of the United States. *non-humans.

wards of the president of the United States.

In the 1870s in the Far West, the largest single Chinese community was located in *Sacramento. *Seattle. *San Diego. *San Francisco. *Los Angeles.

San Francisco.

Which of the following statements regarding Hispanic New Mexico is FALSE? *Taos Indians, allied with Navajos and Apaches, forced out Anglo-Americans until 1847. *At the time of the Mexican War, Hispanics greatly outnumbered Anglo-Americans. *By the 1870s, the government of New Mexico was dominated by "territorial rings" of Anglo business people and politicians. *The Spanish had settlements in the area since the seventeenth century. *Descendants of the original settlers engaged primarily in cattle and sheep ranching.

Taos Indians, allied with Navajos and Apaches, forced out Anglo-Americans until 1847

In the second half of the nineteenth century, the working class in the western economy was *both highly multiracial and paid higher wages than workers in the East. *highly multiracial. *All these answers are correct. *paid higher wages than workers in the East. *highly stratified along racial lines.

All these answers are correct.

By 1900, one of the three American territories in the contiguous United States that had NOT been granted statehood was *Utah. *Arizona. *Colorado. *Nebraska. *South Dakota.

Arizona

Which of the following Indian tribes was NOT found on the Pacific coast of the Far West? *Chumash *Chinook *Pomo *Creek *Serrano

Creek

In 1886, the end of formal warfare between the United States and American Indians was marked by the surrender of *Geronimo. *Sitting Bull. *Cochise. *Wovoka. *Mangas Colorados.

Geronimo

All of the following writers and artists made significant contributions to the romanticizing of the American West EXCEPT *Frederic Remington. *Mark Twain. *Frederick Jackson Turner. *Theodore Roosevelt. *James Whistler.

James Whistler.

Which tribe should NOT be included among the Plains Indians? *Arapaho *Sioux *Yurok *Pawnee *Cheyenne

Yurok

In the late nineteenth century, the American working classes suffered from four of the following conditions. Which is the exception? *little or no workers' compensation for injury *a declining standard of living, in both absolute and relative terms *no government health and safety regulations *no job security and layoffs due to seasonal, cyclical, or technological factors *lack of job training programs

a declining standard of living, in both absolute and relative terms

The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 *was only applied in California. *had little effect on the size of the Chinese population in America. *banned Chinese in the United States from becoming naturalized citizens. *resulted in the deportation of half of the Chinese in the United States. *was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.

banned Chinese in the United States from becoming naturalized citizens.

In the late nineteenth century, regarding western agriculture, *commercial farmers were not self-sufficient and made little effort to become so. *the reality of farming was very much like its popular image with the public. *the prices paid for American farm goods rose after the 1880s. *farmers increasingly owned the land on which they worked. *American farm families were relatively unaffected by the effects of world production.

commercial farmers were not self-sufficient and made little effort to become so.

Each of the following was true about the railroads between 1860 and 1900 EXCEPT that they *increased the miles of track in the United States by more than six times during these four decades. *promoted economic development along their rail lines. *were the nation's biggest investors. *democratized control over the nation's transportation system. *were built largely through government subsidies.

democratized control over the nation's transportation system.

In the late nineteenth century, which of the following was NOT a major western industry that relied on the East for markets and capital? *timbering *ranching *commercial farming *mining *fur trading

fur trading

The Rocky Mountain School of painting *helped inspire the growth of tourism in the West. *was a significant influence on the abstract art that would soon flourish in Europe. *first gained popular acceptance in the early twentieth century. *marked a sharp departure from the artistic style of the Hudson River Valley painters. *emphasized the primitive art of Indians and other indigenous peoples.

helped inspire the growth of tourism in the West.

The Sand Creek Massacre of 1864 *saw the death of Chief Black Kettle. *All these answers are correct. *involved the killing of Indian women and children. *moved Colonel J. M. Chivington to denounce the U.S. Army. *was carried out by George Custer.

involved the killing of Indian women and children.

In Owen Wister's novel, The Virginian (1902), the American cowboy was *seen as fast disappearing, as urbanization spread west. *portrayed as a simple and virtuous frontiersman. *criticized for being too quick to use violence. *castigated for his poor relations with Indians, Mexicans, and Chinese. *lamented as having lost his innocence and decency.

portrayed as a simple and virtuous frontiersman.

Mining in the West *saw individual prospectors move in first, followed by corporations. *did not see any great mineral strikes until after the Civil War. *kept ranchers and farmers from establishing their own economic base. *saw corporations move in first, followed by individual prospectors. *flourished until the 1930s.

saw individual prospectors move in first, followed by corporations.

In "The Significance of the Frontier in American History," Frederick Jackson Turner claimed *most of the frontier land was of little practical use for Americans. *the frontier had repressed individualism, nationalism, and democracy in America. *the United States should expand its northern and southern borders into Canada and Mexico to create new frontier land. *that the end of the "frontier" also marked the end of one of the most important democratizing forces in American life. *the western wars between whites and Indians were a national disgrace.

that the end of the "frontier" also marked the end of one of the most important democratizing forces in American life

In 1890 at Wounded Knee, South Dakota, *Plains Indians mounted their last major attack on white Americans. *the U.S. Seventh Cavalry massacred more than 300 Indians. *the Sioux attempted to leave the reservation for Canada. *All these answers are correct. *the U.S. Seventh Cavalry suffered no casualties.

the U.S. Seventh Cavalry massacred more than 300 Indians.

In the mid-nineteenth century, the Plains Indians were *not as vulnerable to disease as eastern tribes. *mostly sedentary farmers. *among the least aggressive of all American Indians. *the most widespread Indian groups in the West. *usually able to unite against white aggression.

the most widespread Indian groups in the West.

In the late nineteenth century, the surge of farming settlement in the West *was brought to a dramatic halt by a major drought during the 1870s. *spurred the development of massive irrigation projects. *was primarily the result of federal subsidies for land ownership. *was composed of mostly settlers who had little to no experience with farming. *was a result of many factors, but the most important was the railroad.

was a result of many factors, but the most important was the railroad.

The 1876 Battle of Little Bighorn *saw the destruction of the entire Seventh Cavalry. *marked the start of prolonged warfare in the Dakotas. *took place in Wyoming. *saw the Sioux united under Sitting Bull and Geronimo. *was a short-lived Indian victory.

was a short-lived Indian victory.

The Dawes Act of 1887 *reaffirmed tribal ownership of western lands in the face of white claims to it. *was intended to preserve traditional Indian culture. *ended the U.S. government's effort to assimilate Indian tribes. *was designed to force Indians to become landowners and farmers. *denied U.S. citizenship to landowning Indian adults.

was designed to force Indians to become landowners and farmers.

The Homestead Act of 1862 *gave without condition 160 acres to all settlers who would move to the West. *was expanded by the Timber Culture Act. *proved to be enormously popular with western ranchers. *saw settlers on the Plains complain the claims were too large for grain farming. *only applied to public lands within the borders of an organized state.

was expanded by the Timber Culture Act.

By the mid-1840s, the American West *was still an empty, desolate land. *closely resembled its popular image. *had seen the elimination of nearly all Indian tribes. *was extensively populated. *contained few migrants from the United States.

was extensively populated.