APUSH unit 6 college board
Which of the following was a result of the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 ? Responses A It encouraged cooperative landownership among American Indians. B American Indians in the West led attacks on United States forts. C American Indians lost control of millions of acres of land. D American Indians and Whites challenged each other over landownership in range wars. E Most American Indians were relocated to the west of the Mississippi.
American Indians lost control of millions of acres of land
The Ghost Dance, a religious movement that developed in the late nineteenth century, emerged from which of the following? Responses A American Indians' distress over loss of tribal authority B African Americans' efforts to cope with Jim Crow laws C Southern White peoples' reactions to their loss of authority during Reconstruction D Western migrants' nostalgia for life in the East E East European immigrants' response to industrial life
American Indians' distress over loss of tribal authority
The People's Party (Populist) advocated which of the following? Responses A An increase in the money supply B Support for civil rights legislation C A decrease in agricultural production D Joint ownership of businesses by urban laborers and farmers E Public ownership of the means of production
An increase in the money supply
During the late nineteenth century, politicians such as the one depicted in the image most likely would have opposed which of the following? Responses A Social services provided to immigrants by local politicians B Granting American Indians full citizenship and voting rights C The expansion of the transcontinental railroad system D Calls for reforms to local and state governments
Calls for reforms to local and state governments
Which of the following pairs of immigrant groups were most prominent in the construction of the first transcontinental railroad? Responses A Chinese and Irish B Irish and Japanese C Chinese and Japanese D Italians and Irish E Chinese and Italians
Chinese and Irish
The fulfillment of advice such as that in the excerpt most directly contributed to which of the following in the late nineteenth century? Responses A The economic decline and depopulation of eastern cities B Competition for resources among White settlers and American Indians C The outbreak of war with Mexico over control of territory D Restrictions on immigration from eastern and southern Europe
Competition for resources among White settlers and American Indians
Which of the following best describes the overarching goals of the Populist Party in the late nineteenth century? Responses A Establishment of a transcontinental network of trains and the improvement of roads in the western United States B Expansion of United States influence in Central America and access to new international markets C Social and political reform guided by the idea of the survival of the fittest D Cooperative democracy and a stronger governmental role in the economic system
Cooperative democracy and a stronger governmental role in the economic system
In the last half of the nineteenth century, the New South advocates supported Responses A elimination of convict leasing B expansion of southern industry C creation of a southern literature critical of the Old South D elimination of Jim Crow segregation E limitation on West Indian migration to the United States
Expansion of southern industry
Which of the following groups of people would have been most likely to oppose Taylor's management ideas? Responses A Tenant farmers B Owners of large businesses C Factory workers D White-collar professionals
Factory workers
In the speech, Lease was reacting primarily to the problems faced by which of the following groups? Responses A Bankers B Southern European migrants C Farmers D African Americans
Farmers
Which of the following policies would Carnegie most likely have supported? Responses A The use of federal power to redistribute wealth B Government creation of jobs for unemployed people C Increased regulation of corporations D Laissez-faire economics
Laissez-faire economics
Which of the following was true of the South in the post-Civil War period? Responses A A large immigrant population moved to the region. B Big business and railroads came to dominate the Southern economy just as they did in the North. C Landowners widely adopted sharecropping and tenant farming. D The cotton market experienced a twenty-year boom. E A strong labor movement emerged in the textile industry.
Landowners widely adopted sharecropping and tenant farming.
Which of the following contributed most to the process described in the excerpt? Responses A The industrialization of urban areas in the Northeast B The building of new roads and canals C Increased immigration from eastern Europe D Legislation that facilitated the distribution of western land
Legislation that facilitated the distribution of western land
The passage above was most effectively used for which purpose in the late nineteenth century? Responses A Supporting the goals of Social Darwinists B Restricting the power of monopolies and trusts C Limiting the power of labor unions D Regulating railroads and grain storage silos E Upholding the powers of the Interstate Commerce Act
Limiting the power of labor unions
The union membership card pictured above is designed to accomplish which of the following? Responses A Encourage United States workers to unite against foreign competition B Assure the public that strikes and walkouts were not part of union policy C Link union membership with patriotic and religious images D Point out the dangers of working as a longshoreman E Show that membership in the longshoremen's union was open only to workers born in the United States
Link union membership with patriotic and religious images
In the second half of the nineteenth century, the formation of labor unions was often a response to Responses A federal protection of workers' rights to organize B the large numbers of immigrants working in factories C low wages and dangerous conditions in industrial work D the presence of women in certain areas of industrial work E the emergence of multinational companies and increased global competition
Low wages and dangerous conditions in industrial work
Lease's views best reflect the influence of which of the following developments in social and political movements in the 1890s? Responses A Increased calls for radical overthrow of the federal government B Rising grassroots challenges to the dominant economic system C Greater support for corporate power in agriculture D Emerging ideological justifications for inequities of wealth
Rising grassroots challenges to the dominant economic system
Which of the following had integration rather than Black separatism as a goal? Responses A W.E.B. Du Bois and the Niagara movement B Marcus Garvey and the Back-to-Africa movement C Elijah Muhammad and the Black Muslim movement D Stokely Carmichael and the Black Power movement E Huey Newton and the Black Panther movement
W.E.B. Du Bois and the Niagara movement
Andrew Carnegie's Gospel of Wealth endorsed which of the following views? Responses A Major industries should be nationalized to ensure equitable distribution of wealth. B Trusts and combinations were desirable because they guaranteed job stability to immigrant workers. C Utopian communities were desirable because they protected the well-being of people living in poverty. D All workers could attain wealth by following a diligent work ethic. E Wealthy individuals have a duty to return their fortunes to society.
Wealthy individuals have a duty to return their fortunes to society.
Which of the following best describes the main idea of Andrew Carnegie's Gospel of Wealth? Responses A Privately held wealth should be handed over to the government to be redistributed. B Wealthy individuals should use their wealth for social betterment. C Parents have an obligation to pass on their wealth to their children. D Using wealth to help others is wrong, since it undermines their self-reliance. E Accumulating large amounts of wealth violates Christian principles.
Wealthy individuals should use their wealth for social betterment
The settlement pattern described in the excerpt was most similar to earlier settlement patterns in that it was Responses A discouraged by the federal government through legislation B motivated largely by the desire to expand Protestant Christianity C accompanied by conflict with American Indians over landownership D the source of political divisions over the expansion of slavery
accompanied by conflict with American Indians over landownership
William Jennings Bryan's "Cross of Gold" oration was primarily an expression of his Responses A fundamentalist religious beliefs B neutral stance toward the belligerents of the First World War C advocacy of free and unlimited coinage of silver D opposition to teaching the theory of evolution in public schools E anti-imperialist convictions
advocacy of free and unlimited coinage of silver
The author of the statement above was Responses A a Scalawag in the 1870s B an African American journalist in the 1890s C a White segregationist in the 1910s D a White southern Democrat in the 1930s E an African American Civil Rights worker in the 1970s
an African American journalist in the 1890s
In the last quarter of the nineteenth century, American agriculture was characterized by Responses A a decline in the number of tenant farmers B a decline in foreclosures on midwestern farms C a decline in the number of farm cooperatives D an increase in wholesale prices for farm products E an increase in acres under civilization
an increase in acres under civilization
The intent of the Dawes Act of 1887 was to Responses A assimilate American Indians into the mainstream of American culture B recognize and preserve the tribal cultures of American Indians C legally establish the communal nature of American Indian landholding D restore to American Indians land seized unjustly E remove all American Indians to the Indian Territory (Oklahoma)
assimilate American Indians into the mainstream of American culture
From the 1880s to the New Deal, the dominant United States government policy toward American Indians was to try to Responses A strengthen tribal authority B relocate all tribes to Oklahoma C encourage migration to Canada D preserve native languages and customs E assimilate them into White culture
assimilate them into White culture
The conflict between the Sioux nation and the United States was primarily driven by differing Responses A styles of farming B claims to land C forms of government D family structures
claims to land
Progressive reformers rejected Social Darwinism because they believed that Responses A all races were equal in ability B personal development was influenced solely by hereditary factors C conflict and competition did not necessarily improve society D science had no role in society E society was fixed by the laws of nature and incapable of significant change
conflict and competition did not necessarily improve society
The "temporary unequal distribution of wealth" that Carnegie refers to in the excerpt resulted most directly from the Responses A growth of cities in both size and number B consolidation of corporations into trusts and holding companies C efforts by workers to organize local and national unions D government policy of reducing tariffs to promote free trade
consolidation of corporations into trusts and holding companies
The precipitating factor in the 1894 Pullman strike was Pullman's Responses A dismissal of union workers B introduction of scrip in part of payment wages C retraction of its promise to provide an employee insurance and retirement plan D employment of immigrant labor at less than a living wage E cutting of wages without proportionate cuts in company housing rents
cutting of wages without proportionate cuts in company housing rents
In the late nineteenth-century United States, farmers sought federal relief from distress caused by Responses A low tariffs B natural disasters C inflationary monetary policies D excise taxes on agricultural products E discriminatory freight rates
discriminatory freight rates
All of the following account for nativist sentiment against the "new immigrants" of the late nineteenth century EXCEPT that the immigrants Responses A practiced different religions B had different languages and cultures C were willing to work for lower wages than were native-born workers D were not familiar with the United States political system E dominate the professions of law, medicine, and engineering
dominate the professions of law, medicine, and engineering
The major goal of the Social Gospel movement in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was to Responses A encourage support for Charles Darwin's theory of biological evolution B draw the attention of Protestant churches to the plight of the urban poor C send missionaries to convert American Indians to Protestantism D promote the spread of Protestantism in United States territorial possessions E stimulate public interest in the principles of Anglo-Saxon superiority
draw the attention of Protestant churches to the plight of the urban poor
All of the following contributed to the decline of open-range cattle ranching at the end of the nineteenth century EXCEPT Responses A excessively cold winters B federal recognition of American Indian land claims C a drop in cattle prices at stockyards D overgrazing E production of crops for distant markets
federal recognition of American Indian land claims
Andrew Carnegie's Gospel of Wealth was based on the belief that wealthy industrialists should use their wealth to Responses A acquire additional landholdings in the West B create new businesses C finance philanthropic endeavors D pay workers better wages and benefits E live in luxury
finance philanthropic endeavors
Activists formed the Populist Party most directly in response to the Responses A growth of corporate power in agriculture and economic instability in farming B emergence of concerns about abuses of the environment C development of reform movements inspired by the Second Great Awakening D rise of monopolies and reduction of wages for industrial workers
growth of corporate power in agriculture and economic instability in farming
Women working in settlement houses such as Hull House initially sought to help Responses A formerly enslaved men and women adjust to life after slavery B immigrants adapt to American customs and language C farmers fight unfair banking practices D American Indians resist encroachment on their lands
immigrants adapt to American customs and language
Between 1870 and 1900, farmers did all of the following in an attempt to better their condition EXCEPT Responses A seek state regulation of railways B limit production of crops C organize cooperative marketing societies D form a third political party E
limit production of crops
Settlement house workers of the late nineteenth century would most likely have engaged in all of the following EXCEPT Responses A establishing day nurseries for working mothers B offering literacy and language classes for immigrants C publishing reports on deplorable housing conditions D teaching classes on cooking and dressmaking E organizing women workers into labor unions
organizing women workers into labor unions
From the 1880's to the beginning of the New Deal, the dominant American Indian policy of the United Stated government sought to Responses A strengthen traditional tribal authority B relocate all American Indians to the Oklahoma territory C encourage American Indian emigration to Canada D encourage American Indians to preserve their languages and religions E break up tribal landholdings
break up tribal landholdings
Throughout United States history, which of the following groups most typically opposed the perspectives expressed in the public service announcements? Responses A Urban political leaders B Advocates for greater economic equality C Members of organized labor unions D Business executives concerned about economic growth
Business executives concerned about economic hrowth
The economy described in the speech is most similar to the economy in which of the following decades? Responses A 1910s B 1930s C 1950s D 1960s
1930s
Article 6 of the treaty most likely reflected which of the following sentiments? Responses A A desire by many American Indians to change their way of life B A hope held by some in government that American Indians would adopt lifestyles similar to the lifestyles of White settlers C A need felt by many American Indians to more clearly legitimize their claims to the land D A wish by some in government to protect American Indian landholdings from encroachments by railroads
A hope held by some in government that American Indians would adopt lifestyles similar to the lifestyles of White settlers
After the Civil War, some businesspeople and newspaper editors—such as the Atlanta Constitution's Henry Grady—promoted the idea of a New South. Which of the following best describes their vision for the southern states? Responses A An agricultural region consisting of small farms focused on growing food crops B An industrial region whose economic mainstays would be the mining and smelting of minerals and metals C An agricultural region of large plantations growing cotton, tobacco, and rice, worked by sharecroppers D A mixed economy no longer primarily dependent on cash crops E A postindustrial region whose economy revolved around health care, insurance, and financial services
A mixed economy no longer primarily dependent on cash crops
People who agreed with the argument made in the speech would most likely have recommended which of the following solutions? Responses A Separate but equal segregated facilities to increase job opportunities for white workers B Continuation of the gold standard as the basis for money C Reduced government involvement in the economy in order to create more competition D A stronger government role in the economic system
A stronger government role in the economic system
During the Gilded Age, which of the following groups generally voted Republican? Responses A Black northerners B Southern Protestant farmers C Roman Catholic immigrants D Unskilled wage earners E Confederate war veterans
Black northerners
The United States Open Door policy in Asia did which of the following? Responses A Guaranteed military support for China's territorial integrity. B Opened China to Western trade for the first time. C Bolstered American commercial interests in China. D Rid China of European spheres of influence. E Repudiated Japan's interest in China.
Bolstered American commercial interests in China.
"In all things that are purely social we can be as separate as the fingers, yet one as the hand in all things essential to mutual progress." The statement above expressed the ideas of Responses A Sojourner Truth B W. E. B. Du Bois C Ida B. Wells D Theodore Roosevelt E Booker T. Washington
Booker T Washington
Although the Sherman Antitrust Act was originally intended to inhibit the growth of business monopolies, courts initially used its provisions successfully against Responses A urban political machines B banks C public schools D labor unions E immigrants
Labor unions
The Ghost Dance was an American Indian religious movement associated with Responses A the Pueblo Revolt B an American Indian victory at Little Bighorn C an infusion of Hispanic cultural traditions D the outbreak of King Philip's War E distress over loss of tribal autonomy
Distress over loss of tribal autonomy
The Dawes Act (1887) did which of the following? Responses A Divided Native American tribal lands into individual holdings. B Promoted the preservation of Native American cultural identity. C Granted immediate citizenship to Native Americans. D Set up the reservation system. E Forbade the use of Native American languages in public schools.
Divided Native American tribal lands into individual holdings.
Which of the following was LEAST involved in the struggle for women's rights? Responses A Elizabeth Cady Stanton B Alice Paul C Lucretia Mott D Carrie Chapman Catt E Dorothea Dix
Dorothea Dix
Immigrants to the United States in the last quarter of the nineteenth century came primarily from Responses A Latin America B Asia C Canada D middle-class backgrounds E European farms and villages
European farms and villages
African Americans who fled the violence of the Reconstruction South in 1879 and 1880 to start anew in Kansas were known as Responses A exodusters B homesteaders C scalawags D jayhawkers E the Colored Farmers' National Alliance
Exodusters
During the late nineteenth century, members of which of the following groups were most likely to advocate settlement houses as a means of social reform? Responses A African Americans leaders B Educated middle-class women C Scandinavian immigrants D Labor leaders E Democratic politicians
Educated middle-class women
The developments described in the excerpt most directly led to which of the following? Responses A The large-scale migration of Plains Indians north into Canada and south into Mexico B Episodes of violent conflict between the United States Army and American Indians C The removal of American Indians by Andrew Jackson's administration D Heated controversies over the addition of territory to the United States with the Mexican Cession
Episodes of violent conflict between the United States Army and American Indians
In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, which of the following was the principal public opponent of lynching in the South? Responses A Booker T. Washington B Theodore Roosevelt C Robert M. La Follette D Ida B. Wells E Susan B. Anthony
Ida B. Wells
Jane Addams began the settlement house movement with her Hull House in Chicago, which provided social services primarily to Responses A single mothers B alcoholics C immigrants D African Americans E orphaned children
Immigrants
Which of the following was true of the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 ? Responses A It created American Indian reservations for the first time. B It was intended to recognize the contributions of American Indian peoples. C It eliminated most tribal land ownership in favor of ownership by individuals. D It led directly to the Battle of Wounded Knee. E It indicated that the federal government had abandoned the goal of American Indian assimilation.
It eliminated most tribal land ownership in favor of ownership by individuals
Which of the following is true of the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890? Responses A It had little immediate impact on the regulation of large corporations. B It quickly limited the number of mergers taking place. C It led to federal control of the railroads. D It forced businesses to adopt pooling agreements. E It ended effective cooperation between business and the federal government.
It had little immediate impact on the regulation of large corporations.
Which of the following was true of the American labor movement in the late nineteenth century? Responses A It was controlled by immigrant socialists and anarchists. B It was confined to factory workers. C It was protected from employer harassment by federal law and policy. D It was allied with the Democratic party. E It was involved in a number of violent strikes.
It was involved in a number of violent strikes
Which of the following best accounts for the success of the American Federation of Labor in organizing labor in the late 1800s? Responses A Its policy of organizing only skilled craftsmen B Its organization of all workers within a single industry into one union C Its policy of racial inclusiveness D Its campaign for a minimum wage E Its active recruitment of immigrant workers
It's policy of organizing only skilled craftsmen
A prominent leader in promoting the settlement house movement was Responses A Alice Paul B Jane Addams C Carry Nation D Margaret Sanger E Aimee Semple McPherson
Jane Addamss
The chart above supports which of the following conclusions regarding economic conditions in the United States during the last third of the nineteenth century? Responses A Americans with relatively stable incomes found it increasingly difficult to make ends meet. B Wheat farming became more lucrative. C Many American farmers struggled financially. D Cheap foreign goods were the primary cause for the decline in prices. E Industrial workers refused to demand higher wages due to declining prices.
Many American farmers struggled financially.
The majority of immigrants who arrived in the United States between 1821 and 1880 settled in the Responses A West and Midwest B South and Midwest C South and Northeast D Midwest and Northeast
Midwest and Northeast
Which of the following groups would most likely agree with the quote above? Responses A Urban workers B Railroad executives C New York City financiers D Midwestern farmers E White-collar and professional workers
Midwestern farmers
The cartoon above is a commentary on late-nineteenth-century Responses A municipal corruption B imperialism C labor unrest D business monopolies E civil-rights campaigns
Municipal corruption
Which of the following developments best explains changes in agricultural production in the United States during the 1880s and 1890s? Responses A New systems of transportation integrated farming into national markets. B Farmers established new plantations for commercial crops such as cotton and tobacco. C The Civil War devastated farms in large portions of the South. D Commercial farms increasingly relied on labor provided by immigrants.
New systems of transportation integrated farming into national markets
In the three decades following the Civil War, the policies of the Republican Party generally favored Responses A northern industrial interests B southern agricultural interests C the interests of laborers D inflationary currency policies
Northen industrial interests
Which of the following most accurately describes a group who acted on ideas such as those in the excerpt? Responses A Business leaders planning to promote philanthropy B Activists calling for preservation of the western wilderness C Southern European immigrants seeking opportunity in urban areas D Northern European immigrants pursuing mining, farming, and ranching
Northern European immigrants pursuing mining, farming, and ranching
Which of the following best accounts for the curve on the graph above depicting immigration to the United States from Asia, Africa and the Americas between 1882 and 1900? Responses A Rapid expansion of the British Empire into the Southern Hemisphere B Restrictive congressional legislation C Immigration to less-settled areas of the world D Improved worldwide economic conditions
Restrictive congressional legislation
During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, southern state governments used all of the following methods to restrict African American freedoms EXCEPT Responses A literacy tests B Jim Crow laws C poll taxes D grandfather clauses E restrictive housing covenants
Restrictive housing covenants
During the closing decades of the nineteenth century, farmers complained about all of the following EXCEPT Responses A rising commodity prices B high interest charges C high freight rates D high storage costs E large middleman profits
Rising commodity prices
Which of the following can best be concluded about the late 1800s based on the situation in which the excerpt was produced? Responses A Industrialists focused on establishing international markets for their products. B People debated the best means for expanding educational opportunities. C Politicians argued about whether to increase taxes on people with wealth. D Workers supported the consolidation of businesses into corporations.
People debated the best means for expanding educational opportunities.
Which of the following groups included the passage above in its platform? Responses A American Federation of Labor B Union-Labor Party C People's Party (Populists) D National Grange E Democratic Party
People's Party (Populists)
The era from the end of the Civil War to the outbreak of the First World War was characterized by Responses A periodic economic panic and depression B uninterrupted economic growth C a sluggish economy except during times of mobilization for war D persistent inflation because of the influx of gold and silver into the economy E the emergence of large federal deficits
Periodic economic panic and depression
The Supreme Court case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka directly contradicted the legal principle established by Responses A Dred Scott v. Sanford B Schechter v. United States C Plessy v. Ferguson D Schenck v. United States
Plessy v Ferguson
The Supreme Court decision on Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka essentially reversed which of the following earlier Court decisions? Responses A Marbury v. Madison B Dred Scott v. Sanford C Roe v. Wade D Gideon v. Wainwright E Plessy v. Ferguson
Plessy v. Ferguson
Which of the following movements expressed ideas most similar to the ideas expressed in the excerpt? Responses A Abolitionism in the 1830s and 1840s B Nativism in the 1840s and 1850s C Populism in the 1890s and early 1900s D The counterculture of the 1960s and 1970s
Populism in the 1890s and early 1900s
The excerpts above appeared in the platform of which of the following political parties? Responses A American Party B Greenback Labor Party C Populist Party D Socialist Party E Progressive Party
Populist party
The ideas of the Populist Party, as expressed in the excerpt, had the most in common with the ideas of the Responses A Federalists in the 1790s B Progressive movement C Whigs in the 1830s D Civil Rights movement
Progressive movement
Many American Indians of the 1890s responded to policies such as those of the Carlisle Indian Industrial School by Responses A creating new political organizations B migrating to unsettled territories C engaging in large-scale armed resistance D seeking to preserve their cultural and tribal identities
Seeking to preserve their cultural and tribal identities
Which of the following groups would most likely have agreed with the argument presented in the excerpt? Responses A Settlement house workers B Social Darwinism advocates C Corporate leaders D Environmental conservationists
Settlement house workers
Which of the following would have been most likely to support the sentiments expressed by Addams in the excerpt? Responses A Know-Nothings B Machine politicians C Southern Democrats D Settlement house workers
Settlement house workers
Which of the following groups would be most likely to support the Populist Party? Responses A Sharecroppers B Industrialists C Immigrants D Bankers
Sharecroppers
Members of which of the following groups were most likely to support the Populist Party? Responses A Industrialists in the Midwest B Chinese railroad workers from the West C Bankers from the East D Irish immigrants in New England cities E Sharecroppers from the South
Sharecroppers from the south
The American Federation of Labor under the leadership of Samuel Gompers organized Responses A skilled workers in craft unions in order to achieve economic gains B all industrial and agricultural workers in "one big union" C unskilled workers along industrial lines D workers and intellectuals into a labor party for political action E workers into a fraternal organization to provide unemployment and old-age benefits
Skilled workers in craft unions in order to achieve economic gains
The quote above is an example of which of the following schools of thought? Responses A Dialectical materialism B Utopian socialism C Social Darwinism D Transcendentalism E Existentialism
Social Darwinism
Which of the following ideas was most often used to justify the success and wealth of those like Vanderbilt? Responses A The Social Gospel B Social Darwinism C Preservationism D Imperialism
Social Darwinism
Americans advocating the ideas expressed in the passage above would be most accurately described as Responses A transcendentalists B Populists C scientific managers D Social Darwinists E Mugwumps
Social darwinists
Pratt's arguments in the excerpt in support of his school for American Indians had most in common with the arguments of which of the following groups? Responses A Business leaders in the later 1800s who maintained that laissez-faire policies would best encourage economic growth B Some social reformers in the later 1800s who founded settlement houses for newly arrived immigrants C African American activists in the early 1900s who advocated for separation from White society D Anti-imperialists in the early 1900s who opposed United States governance of non-White peoples overseas
Some social reformers in the later 1800s who founded settlement houses for newly arrived immigrants
The decisions of the Supreme Court in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries generally did which of the following? Responses A Strengthened the position of big business. B Strengthened the regulatory powers of the federal government. C Strengthened the position of organized labor. D Protected the civil and political rights of African Americans. E Protected the civil and political rights of women.
Strengthen the position of big buisness
Which of the following labor organizations endorsed the philosophy of "bread and butter" unionism by concentrating on demands for higher wages, shorter hours, and improved work conditions? Responses A The Knights of Labor B The Molly Maguires C The American Federation of Labor D The Industrial Workers of the World E The National Labor Union
The American Federation of Labor
The quotation above is an example of Responses A transcendentalism B existentialism C The Gospel of Wealth D The Social Gospel E Reform Darwinism
The Gospel of Wealth
Which of the following most directly supports Blight's argument in the excerpt? Responses A The Supreme Court decision in Plessy v. Ferguson B The election of seventeen African Americans to Congress between 1869 and 1877 C The industrialization of some segments of the southern economy in the late nineteenth century D The emergence of the first national civil rights organizations, such as the Afro-American League and the NAACP
The Supreme Court decision in Plessy v. Ferguson
In the period 1890-1915, all of the following were generally true about African Americans EXCEPT: Responses A Voting rights previously gained were denied through changes in state laws and constitutions. B The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) endorsed the Back-to-Africa movement. C African American leaders disagreed on the principal strategy for attaining equal rights. D Numerous African Americans were lynched, and mob attacks on African American individuals occurred in both the North and the South. E African Americans from the rural South migrated to both southern and northern cities
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) endorsed the Back-to-Africa movement.
Settlement house work as described by Muncy had the most in common with women's activism during which of the following earlier periods? Responses A The Protestant evangelism of the mid-1700s B The decade leading up to the American Revolution C The two decades following the American Revolution D The Second Great Awakening in the first half of the 1800s
The Second Great Awakening in the first half of the 1800s
Which of the following events best represents a continuity of the sentiments expressed by Senator Calhoun in the speech? Responses A The United States rejection of membership in the League of Nations B Support for assimilationist policies in the 1880s and 1890s C The Supreme Court decision in Plessy v. Ferguson D The Great Migration of African Americans out of the South in the 1910s
The Supreme Court decision in Plessy v. Ferguson
Which of the following later developments had an effect most similar to that described in the excerpt? Responses A The invention of the mechanical reaper in the 1830s B The annexation of Texas in the 1840s C The growth of political party competition in the 1850s D The completion of the first transcontinental railroad in the 1860s
The completion of the first transcontinental railroad in the 1860s
By the 1870s, which of the following most reflected the continuation of the trend depicted on the maps? Responses A The purchase of automobiles by most households in the United States B The extension of electrical power to most homes in the United States C The completion of transcontinental railroads D The development and use of the cotton gin in the South
The completion of transcontinental railroads
Which of the following developments in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries most directly represented a continuation of the pattern described in the excerpt? Responses A The growth of international immigration to the United States B The expansion of sharecropping and tenant farming in the South C The consolidation of corporations into large trusts and holding companies D The organization of workers into local and national unions
The consolidation of corporations into large trusts and holding companies
Which of the following was a long-term result of the developments described in the excerpt? Responses A The growth of political tensions between the United States and Mexico B A conflict with Great Britain over the northern border of the United States C A large-scale African American migration to the region D The creation of farmers' groups to resist corporate control of agricultural markets
The creation of farmers' groups to resist corporate control of agricultural markets
Which of the following contributed to reducing the conflict that article 11 and similar provisions of other treaties were designed to address? Responses A The rerouting of several major railroads to avoid tribal lands B A decrease in the number of White settlers traveling near reservations C The implementation of government conservation policies that protected large areas of public land D The destruction of nearly the entire population of buffalo
The destruction of nearly the entire population of buffalo
Which of the following constitutes a significant change in the treatment of American Indians during the last half of the nineteenth century? Responses A The beginnings of negotiations with individual tribes B The start of a removal policy C The abandonment of the reservation system D The admission of all American Indians to the full rights of United States citizenship E The division of the tribal lands among individual members
The division of the tribal lands among individual members
The excerpt best serves as evidence for which of the following developments in the late 1800s? Responses A The impact of the construction of transcontinental railroads on United States commerce B The growing support for labor unions among the owners of corporations C The emergence of arguments that wealthy people had a moral obligation to help society D The decline of urban centers as immigrant populations moved westward
The emergence of arguments that wealthy people had a moral obligation to help society
Access to natural resources for businesses changed from the mid-1800s to the late 1800s most directly as a result of which of the following factors? Responses A The invention of the automobile and the building of highways B The establishment of national parks for wilderness preservation C The emergence of new scientific theories such as evolution D The expansion of communication systems such as the electric telegraph
The expansion of communication systems such as the electric telegraph
According to historian Frederick Jackson Turner, a key factor in the development of American individualism and democracy was Responses A Puritan theology B transcendentalism C the American Revolution D the Civil War E the frontier
The frontier
The perspective expressed in the excerpt most directly supported the national expansion of Responses A vocational job training B financial aid for college C exams for civil service jobs D access to higher education
access to higher education
Which of the following statements about woman suffrage is true? Responses A The six states of New England were the first to have complete women suffrage. B Women suffrage was introduced in the South during Radical Reconstruction. C No state granted woman suffrage before 1900. D The only states with complete woman suffrage before 1900 were west of the Mississippi. E California and Oregon were the first states to have complete women suffrage.
The only states with complete woman suffrage before 1900 were west of the Mississippi.
The image was created most directly in response to Responses A social reform efforts by settlement-house workers B poll taxes and literacy tests that blocked African Americans from voting C the power gained by urban political machines D the exclusion of women from voting
The power gained by urban political machines
The conditions shown in the photograph emerged most directly as a result of which of the following? Responses A Overpopulation that forced farming families to migrate to urban centers B The movement to promote child labor to instill values of hard work and frugality C The preference of factory owners for a cheap labor force D The need for increased family income during the Great Depression
The preference of factory owners for a cheap labor force
Which of the following changes to the United States during the nineteenth century most directly contributed to the development depicted in the image? Responses A The rapid growth of cities B The dismantling of the national bank C The acquisition of territory in the West D The rise of the People's (Populist) Party
The rapid growth of cities
Taylor's ideas expressed in the excerpt emerged most directly in response to which of the following developments in the United States? Responses A The need for rebuilding infrastructure after the Civil War B The rise of industrial capitalism C An increase in the standard of living D Excessive government regulation of business
The rise of industrial capitalism
Which of the following most directly contributed to the overall trend depicted in the graph? Responses A Global fluctuations in credit and stock markets B The transformation of the United States into an industrial society C Progressive Era reforms of social conditions in the United States D The outbreak of global war
The transformation of the United States into an industrial society
Frederick Jackson Turner's theory emphasized the significance of the frontier for all of the following reasons EXCEPT: Responses A An open frontier led to the development of the unique American character. B Free land promoted freedom of opportunity on the frontier. C The frontier helped establish democratic institutions. D The western frontier had land that could be distributed to former slaves. E The frontier was a safety valve for the excess population of eastern cities
The western frontier had land that could be distributed to former slaves.
Which of the following was true of the settlement house workers of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries? Responses A They included large numbers of middle-class, college-educated women. B They devised programs that departed radically from those of English settlement houses. C They established settlement houses in middle-class environments. D They avoid political involvement. E They endeavored to suppress immigrant cultures
They included large numbers of middle-class, college-educated women.
City bosses and urban political machines in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries did which of the following? Responses A They enabled the urban middle class to participate more effectively in politics. B They provided some welfare for poor immigrants in exchange for political support. C They encouraged racial integration of residential neighborhoods. D They discouraged railroad and highway construction to prevent people from moving out of urban areas. E They promoted prohibition and the abolition of prostitution.
They provided some welfare for poor immigrants in exchange for political support.
Which of the following was typical of agreements such as the Fort Laramie Treaty between the United States government and American Indians in the post-Civil War West? Responses A They frequently led to the formation of a common interest between the United States government and American Indians in controlling the activities of White settlers. B They generally led to the formation of strong, independent American Indian nations. C They usually lasted a short time before being broken by settlers' incursions onto American Indian reservations. D They led to the abandonment of most reservations as American Indian families sought economic opportunities in urban areas.
They usually lasted a short time before being broken by settlers' incursions onto American Indian reservations.
Which of the following was NOT characteristic of immigrants in the late nineteenth century? Responses A They were primarily unskilled laborers. B They were mainly female. C They were predominately from southern and eastern Europe. D They often formed ethnic communities. E They tended to settle in urban areas.
They were mainly female.
The 1896 Supreme Court decision Plessy v. Ferguson did which of the following? Responses A Upheld segregated railroad facilities. B Declared civil rights legislation unconstitutional. C Upheld literacy testing as a condition of voting in federal elections. D Outlawed segregation in public schools. E Restricted the right to purchase or sell land.
Upheld segregated railroad facilities
At the end of the nineteenth century, the desire of American business to control supplies of raw materials led to Responses A automation of industry B horizontal integration C vertical integration D development of the factory system E development of the putting-out system
Vertical integration
Which of the following is a difference between White's and Hahn's claims in the excerpts about how American Indian societies changed in the late 1800s? Responses A White claims that reservations reduced American Indian autonomy from the United States, while Hahn claims reservations could be used to resist federal encroachment. B White argues that federal supervision of American Indians decreased, while Hahn argues that the United States came to control all aspects of their lives on reservations. C White asserts that American Indians came to be governed directly by the United States, while Hahn asserts that they remained outside the jurisdiction of the United States. D White contends that American Indians retained possession of much land, while Hahn contends that they lost possession of most of their land to United States settlers.
White claims that reservations reduced American Indian autonomy from the United States, while Hahn claims reservations could be used to resist federal encroachment.
The "Atlanta Compromise" is the name given to the Responses A proposal that African Americans emphasize making economic progress over the quest for political and social equality B political concessions southern White politicians made to African Americans in order to win their support against northerners C southern agreement to supply raw materials to the North and West in exchange for manufactured products D political deal made by northern Republicans and southern Democrats to pass legislation favoring the gold standard E agreement expected to forge a new Republican Party of northern moderates and southern conservatives
proposal that African Americans emphasize making economic progress over the quest for political and social equality
The method of mass production that developed during the nineteenth century was a process that Responses A relied on the use of power-driven machinery B utilized wireless communications to improve efficiency C gave workers greater autonomy, less supervision, and the chance to be creative D relied on guilds to train artisans E promoted more cooperation between labor unions and factory owners
relied on the use of power-driven machinery
In its report for 1890, the United States Census Bureau indicated that Responses A industrialization was closing the gap in wealth between rich and poor B the United States had more Catholics than Protestants C the American frontier could no longer be distinguished from settled areas D infant mortality was no longer a serious problem E Boston was the second largest city in the United States
the American frontier could no longer be distinguished from settled areas
These sentiments are most characteristic of Responses A transcendentalism B pragmatism C the Gospel of Wealth D the Social Gospel E Reform Darwinism
the Gospel of Wealth
All of the following were objectives of W.E.B. DuBois EXCEPT Responses A the total enfranchisement of all eligible Black citizens B the establishment of an organization to seek legal redress of Black grievances C the establishment of Black political power D cooperation with White people in obtaining Black progress E the implementation of Booker T. Washington's program for Black progress
the implementation of Booker T. Washington's program for Black progress
All of the following are true of railroad expansion in the late nineteenth century EXCEPT that it Responses A opened new territories to commercial agriculture B accelerated the growth of some older cities and created new ones C was financed by private corporations without government assistance D led to new managerial forms and techniques E was often capitalized beyond what was needed
was financed by private corporations without government assistance
