APWH: Key Terms - 4.5

Maritime Empires Maintained and Developed: EconomicRivalries (c. 1450-1750)*

Economic disputes led to rivalries and conflict between states. (e.g. - Competition of trade routes: Muslim-European rivalry in the Indian Ocean, Moroccan conflict with the Songhai Empire)

Maritime Empires Maintained and Developed: Religious Interactions (c. 1450-1750)

In some cases, the increase and intensification of interactions between newly connected hemispheres expanded the reach and furthered the development of existing religions, and contributed to religious conflicts and the development of syncretic belief systems and practices.

Maritime Empires Maintained and Developed: Mercantilism (c. 1450-1750)*

Mercantilist policies and practices were used by European rulers to expand and control their economies and claim overseas territories. Joint-stock companies, influenced by these mercantilist principles, were used by rulers and merchants to finance exploration and were used by rulers to compete against one another in global trade.

Maritime Empires Maintained and Developed: Peasant and Artisan Labor (c. 1450-1750)*

Peasant and artisan labor continued and intensified in many regions as the demand for food and consumer goods increased. (e.g. - Increased peasant and artisan labor: Western Europe--wool and linen, India--cotton, China--silk)

Maritime Empires Maintained and Developed: Gender and Family Structures (c. 1450-1750)

Some notable gender and family restructuring occurred, including demographic changes in Africa that resulted from the slave trades.

Maritime Empires Maintained and Developed: Atlantic trading system (c. 1450-1750)

The Atlantic trading system involved the movement of goods, wealth, and labor, including slaves.

Maritime Empires Maintained and Developed: Cultural Synthesis (c. 1450-1750)

The Atlantic trading system involved the movement of labor--including slaves--and the mixing of African, American, and European cultures and peoples, with all parties contributing to this cultural synthesis.

Maritime Empires Maintained and Developed: Global Circulation of Goods (c. 1450-1750)

The new global circulation of goods was facilitated by chartered European monopoly companies and the global flow of silver, especially from Spanish colonies in the Americas, which was used to purchase Asian goods for the Atlantic markets and satisfy Chinese demand for silver. Regional markets continued to flourish in Afro-Eurasia by using established commercial practices and new transoceanic and regional shipping services developed by European merchants.