APWRLD Unit 5 Exam

AMSCO Ch. 22. 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 (2017) or 1-3 (2018) "The statesman, who should attempt to direct private people in what manner they ought to employ their capital, would not only load himself with a most unnecessary attention, but assume an authority which could safely be trusted, no only to no single person, but to no council or senate whatever, and which would nowhere be so dangerous as in the hands of a man who had folly and presumption enough to fancy himself fit to exercise it." Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations, 1776 A person who would agree with this would also say that government should... How would Karl Marx reply to this?

A person who would agree with this would also say that government should: reduce tariffs on goods entering the country How would Karl Marx reply to this? He would disagree with it by pointing out that capital was created by labor, so laborers had a right to decide its use.

"We are not European; we are not Indian; we are but a mixed species on aborigines and Spaniards. Americans by birth and Europeans by law, we find ourselves engaged in dual conflict: we are disputing with the natives for titles on ownership, and at the same time we are struggling to maintain ourselves in the country that gave us birth against the opposition on the invaders." Simon Bolivar, speech to the Council on Angostura, 1819 Bolivars speech was intended to A. Build an alliance between colonists and indigenous people B. Unite creoles in the cause of independence from Spain C. Justify the need for land reform in Latin America D. Persuade Spanish Colonists to resist and attack from Brazil

A. build an alliance between colonists and indigenous people

Based on the chart, which of the following best describes a pattern in the spread of railroads in Europe from 1830 to 1850 ?

Areas in northwestern Europe adopted railroads more extensively than areas in other parts of Europe.

The living conditions described in the above excerpt were most likely a result of A. the survival of old buildings that should have been torn down B. the need for people to migrate to urban areas to seek work in factories C. the failure of socialized forms of economic organization D. the natural inclinations of the working class

B. the need for people to migrate to urban areas to seek work in factories

Which reform was instituted by another government in response to the problems of industrialization?

Britain expanded voting by reducing property-owning qualifications.

Which of the following best describes the comparative change in kilometers of railroad lines in Britain and France from 1830 to 1850 ?

Britain possessed more railway lines in 1830 and expanded its lead significantly over France by 1850.

How did the change from cottage industries to factory production impact the role women played in working class factories? A. Factory production and the resulting urbanization made it too dangerous for women to leave their homes, so most working class women only worked inside the home. B. The collapse of urban guilds led to more equality for working class women. C. Working class women were more likely to work outside the home, taking jobs in the new factories at a fraction of the pay men received. D. Migration to cities and factory work mostly only impacted men.

C. Working class women were more likely to work outside the home, taking jobs in the new factories at a fraction of the pay men received.

The views in this passage are best seen as evidence of which of the following? A. Laissez-faire capitalism B. Factories provided equal pay for children. C. The Industrial Revolution changed family life by forcing employment outside the home. D. Factory work schedules were nothing like they were in a cottage industry.

D. Factory work schedules were nothing like they were in a cottage industry.

Who met at the Congress of Vienna? What was the purpose of the Congress of Vienna? Results?

Diplomats from Britain, Austria, Russia, Prussia, France To reach a peace settlement that would make further revolution impossible; Diplomats gathered to restore a balance of power Gains for Prussia within Germany and for the eventual unification of Germany and Italy; Britain gained new colonial territories, Russia maintained its hold over most of Poland; ultimately facilitated national unifications.

Liberalism

Founded on ideas of liberty and equality

Which of the following best describes the expansion in total railway line kilometers by 1850 in countries that possessed zero kilometers of railroad lines in 1830 ?

Germany had the largest expansion.

Together with access to coal deposits, which environmental factor most directly contributed to Great Britain's early industrialization?

Its abundance of iron ore

Communism

Philosophical, social, political, and economic ideology and movement whose ultimate goal is the establishment of the communist society, which is a socioeconomic order structured upon the common ownership of the means of production and the absence of social classes, money and the state

Which of the following is an accurate comparison between the views expressed in the two sources? Anthimos, Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem [then part of the Ottoman Empire], Paternal Instruction, leaflet printed in Greek for distribution among Christian communities in the Ottoman Empire, 1798 György Bessenyei, Hungarian writer, "Oration on the Subject Matter of the Nation," essay published in 1817

Source 1 emphasizes the importance of religious identities and solidarities as drivers of human behavior, whereas Source 2 emphasizes the importance of ethno-linguistic identities and solidarities as drivers of human behavior.

Thus developed an understanding that the natural rights of man are inalienable and cannot be forfeited and a strongly expressed desire for freedom of thought, trade, and profession. There also developed a desire to alleviate people's suffering, to eliminate all criminal laws against political dissenters, and to abolish torture. A desire arose for a milder system of criminal legislation that could give complete security to the innocent. All of these principles gradually filtered down from philosophical works to every class of society whose education went beyond basic literacy. These principles became the common faith of all people." Marquis de Condorcet, French nobleman and philosopher, Sketch for a Historical Picture of the Progress of the Human Mind, published in 1794 Which of the following is an implicit claim that the author makes in the third paragraph?

The French Revolution has advanced the principles of Enlightenment.

The economic changes in rapidly industrializing countries such as the Russian Empire in the late nineteenth century led most directly to which of the following social or intellectual changes during the same period?

The creation of new social classes and class consciousness

"I have longed to make the acquaintance of a 'modern girl,' that proud, independent girl who has all my sympathy! I do not belong to the Indian world, but to that of my sisters who are struggling forward in the distant West. If the laws of my land permitted it, I would be like the new woman in Europe; but age-long traditions that cannot be broken hold us back. Someday those traditions will loosen and let us go, but it may be three, four generations after us. Oh, you do not know what it is to love this young, new age with heart and soul, and yet to be bound hand and foot, chained by all the laws, customs, and conventions of one's land. All our institutions are directly opposed to the progress for which I so long for the sake of our people. Day and night I wonder by what means our ancient traditions could be overcome. But it was not the voices alone which reached me from that distant, bright, new-born Europe, which made me long for a change in existing conditions for women. Even in my childhood, the word 'emancipation' enchanted my ears and awakened in me an ever-growing longing for freedom and independence—a longing to stand alone." Raden Adjeng Kartini, Javanese noblewoman in Dutch Indonesia, letter to a friend, Java, 1899 Based on the letter, Kartini's views were most similar to the views espoused by members of which of the following movements?

The early feminist movement

Which of the following best summarizes the way in which the development of the factory system and the development of new transportation infrastructure such as railways worked together as factors facilitating British industrialization?

The factory system concentrated production in relatively few locations, and the new transportation infrastructure allowed more goods and people to reach these locations in less time.

Trollope's characterization of democracy in the second paragraph can best be seen as a direct reference to which aspect of the historical situation in the late nineteenth century?

The movements to reform countries' political systems by expanding the franchise

As described in the passage, the pattern of economic development in Russia in the nineteenth century differed most strongly from which other pattern of economic development during the same period?

The transition from preindustrial to industrial production through the actions of private entrepreneurs or companies

Communist Manifesto "They openly declare that their ends can be attained only bythe forcible overthrow of all existing social conditions.Let the ruling classes tremble . . .The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains.They have a world to win.WORKING MEN OF ALL COUNTRIES, UNITE!" Who wrote this? ID historical context, point of view of author (what shaped his views), audience What is he calling for? What reduced his attraction in the late 19th and early 20th centuries?

The treatment of workers in early factories Violent revolution Reforms that improved workers' conditions Who else do we need to know that supports Marx? Engels

The commercial rivalries discussed in the third paragraph best illustrate the interplay between nineteenth-century economic development in Japan and the development of

Western-dominated large-scale transnational businesses

Waterways such as canals and rivers were important in the process of early industrialization because they provided

a means for integrating economic activities in regional and national markets

In the period circa 1750-1900, the historical process illustrated by the image led directly to all of the following major global transformations EXCEPT

the outbreak of the Atlantic revolutions and the emergence of new states in the Americas

What are the reasons factories like this first appeared in England?

B. England had large, easy-to-reach deposits of coal and iron ore. C. England had an abundance of rivers and canals to transport raw materials and finished products. D. England had a well-established banking system, making capital available to build factories.

The purpose of the passage was to: A. encourage readers to scorn urban dwellers B. motivate immigrants to adopt better hygiene C. foster support for a Marxist alternate vision of society D. explain the preferences of the working class

C. foster support for a Marxist alternate vision of society

Which of the following best explains the changes discussed in the paragraph by David Cody? A. The government subsidized child labor. B. The government did not address the issues of child labor. C. A decline in industrialization and global capitalism. D. The second Industrial Revolution child labor laws.

D. The second Industrial Revolution child labor laws.

The rapid growth of industrial output in Russia during the 1890s was most likely comparable to the growth of industrial output in which other state during the same period?

Meiji Japan

At last, man could proclaim his rights out loud, rights that for so long had been ignored. He could submit all opinions to his own reason and use that reason to search for truth. Every man learned with pride that nature had not forever condemned him to base his beliefs on the opinions of others or the superstitions of antiquity. Marquis de Condorcet, French nobleman and philosopher, Sketch for a Historical Picture of the Progress of the Human Mind, published in 1794 Which of the following is an implicit claim that the author makes in the second paragraph?

Religion has been a force holding back the progress of humanity

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the positions expressed by the authors of the two sources regarding the idea that existing political boundaries should be changed so that each nation has its own state?

Source 1 explicitly supports the idea, but Source 2 explicitly rejects it.

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the arguments made in the two sources regarding ideas of liberty and equality?

Source 1 rejects the ideas because of the threat they represent to multinational empires, whereas Source 2 rejects the ideas because of the universal and equalizing nature of their claims.

Which of the following contributed directly to Great Britain's ability to consolidate or expand its colonial control of interior regions of Asia and Africa in the late nineteenth century?

The changes illustrated in the top two rows of the image

The rapid growth of nineteenth-century industrial cities such as Manchester is best understood in the context of which of the following economic developments?

The increases in agricultural productivity that freed up laborers for work in factories

Iwasaki's position in the letter on the relationship between the Mitsubishi Company and the Japanese government is most clearly a response to

Western governments gaining access to Japan's markets by imposing laissez-faire economic regimes

How did the change from cottage industries to factory production impact the role women played in working class factories?

Working class women were more likely to work outside the home, taking jobs in the new factories at a fraction of the pay men received.

The class relationships in Manchester described by Parkinson are best explained in the context of the

continuous migration of new workers to industrial towns and the high job turnover

The disparities of wealth mentioned by Parkinson in the passage are best explained in the context of the

high profits and low wages associated with manufacturing industries in the nineteenth century

On July 14 in the first year of the French Revolution, the storming of what political prison provided a revolutionary symbol?

Bastille

What new economic and political movement was spurred by workers' opposition to poor conditions in factories like the one above? A. Fascism B. Monarchism C. Capitalism D. Socialism

D. Socialism

In the regions of the Caribbean and South America, which revolution was first successful?

Haiti

Which of the following pieces of information that Trollope reveals about himself in the passage might best explain his contention that economic inequalities ought to be addressed "gradually and without any sudden disruption of society"?

His admission that he was born into a fortunate condition

"After long periods of error, philosophers have at last discovered the true rights of man and how they can all be deduced from the single truth: that man is a perceptive being capable of reason and acquiring moral ideas. Marquis de Condorcet, French nobleman and philosopher, Sketch for a Historical Picture of the Progress of the Human Mind, published in 1794 Which of the following is the main claim that the author makes in the passage?

People have natural rights that can be established through rational inquiry.

Socialism

Range of economic social systems characterized by social ownership and democratic control of the means of production, as well as the political theories and movements associated with them.

Which of the following was NOT a reason factories like this first appeared in England?

Socialism first took root in England, spurring more investment in factories.

Trollope's arguments in the second paragraph are most clearly intended to offer an alternative to the arguments made by which late nineteenth-century group?

Socialists

The debates about maritime shipping in Japan alluded to in the first paragraph were most directly connected to which of the following nineteenth-century developments?

The development of rival economic theories differing with respect to their views of free trade

Which of the following best explains Kartini's familiarity with the ideas regarding social roles that she discusses in her letter?

The spread of Enlightenment thought as empires consolidated control over their territories

Unlike the four scenes in the top two rows of the lithograph, the inclusion of the two scenes in the bottom row is best explained by

the technological innovations of the second industrial revolution