Arch249-Chapter 4

True statements about the castle at Himeji in Japan.

It has a maze of passages within its central section to confuse intruders. It had overhanging galleries from which rocks could be dropped on those below.

True of the Nachan Monastery in China.

It has a platform for monks to place their offerings. Its statues in the main hall are visible from the courtyard when the hall's doors are opened.

True statements about the Jizodo of Shofukuji in Japan.

It has a roof construction that uses a double structure. It has wooden columns that are pierced by horizontal tie beams.

True statements about the Ise Shrine at Uji-Yamada.

It has exterior board walls that support the weight of its roof. It is constructed of cypress wood that is left unpainted.

True statements about the Katsura Imperial Villa in Kyoto in Japan.

It has wood left unfinished, which has weathered to a dark chestnut to gray color. It has a structural frame that is made from Japanese cedar wood.

True of the hexi style of Qing painting?

It included the well-known Chinese red, dark blue, and leaf green colors.

True of the Chinese Kao Gong Ji?

It is the earliest Chinese treatise on city planning.

A true statement about the philosophy expounded by Confucius.

It stressed respect for authority as established by stat.

True statements about garden design in China.

Its aim was to have it appear as if it had grown wholly out of nature. It was considered a far more intellectual exercise than architectural design.

True statement about the Phoenix Hall that is located at Uji in Japan.

Its side wings rise up two stories, terminating in gable-roof pavilions.

True statements about the layout of the Ise shrine buildings at Uji-Yamada.

Its subsidiary buildings contain a kitchen and hall of offerings. Its main sanctuary is at its center.

In early Chinese architecture, a modular unit called the ____ was defined as the basic measure in construction.

Jian

Chang'an with its square layout, grid streets, three entrances in each side, and a 150-foot-wide tree-lined central artery conformed in almost every respect with the principles articulated in the ____.

Kao Gong Ji

At the monastery of Todaiji, smaller structures that flanked the kodo on three sides were built as ____.

Living quarters for the monks

The primary structural material that was used in the construction of Japanese castle fortifications was ____.

timber

The Nanchan Monastery in China is constructed of ____.

wood

The walls, even those on the exterior, of traditional Chinese houses were constructed of ____ which permitted ready subdivision of interior spaces.

wood

Patterns of whirling flowers were a feature of the Qing painting style of ____.

xuanzi

The Songyue Pagoda at Dengfeng in China is the country's oldest surviving ____.

Brick

Shang technology included skill in ____.

Bronze casting

Became the most widespread religion in China.

Buddhism

According to the Kao Gong Ji, a capital city should be oriented to the ____.

Cardinal directions

A boat-shaped chest containing a mirror emblematic of the sun goddess and of the imperial family, who claimed decent from her, is at the heart of the ____.

Ise Shrine

The Chinese structure that was inspired by the parasol-like finials atop northern Indian stupas and by multi-storied watchtowers from Chinese military construction was the ____.

Pagoda

The native religion of Japan, which reveres natural forces essential to agriculture through rituals and celebrations at shrines, is ____.

Shinto

Was reconstructed based on foundation remains at Banpo in the Yellow River Valley in China.

Small houses with both circular and rectangle plans

Whenever possible, the compounds of ordinary house in Beijing faced to the ____, as did the Forbidden City.

South

In ordinary Beijing houses, on axis, and in the largest hall, were living quarters for the patriarch's sons and their families, flanked by side halls for use as the residence of the patriarch.

False

The Chinese art of adjusting a building to particular features of an individual site and its microclimate is known as ____ ____.

Feng shui

The largest ensemble of historic building in China, with over 9000 structures within, it is the ____.

Forbidden City

Walled areas that vistiors arriving in Beijing, for an audience with imperial court during the rule of the Ming dynasty, had to pass through in order to reach the Forbidden City.

The Inner City The Outer City The Imperial City The Forbidden city

Structures in the Buddhist temple complex of Horyuji near Nara in Japan: The pagoda The Golden Hall

Their respective uses: It contained symbolic relics of the Buddha. It was the repository for religious images

True of the entrances to Japanese tea houses

They had exceptionally low doors, and people had to almost crawl to get in.

True statements about Japanese minkas.

They had gable peak vents that permitted smoke from the hearth to escape. They had rooms that could be partitioned by lightweight screens.

True of the retangular houses that were reconstructed based on their foundation remains along the Yellow River Valley

They had pyramidal roofs. They were sunk a half-story into the ground.

The gate to the Imperial City, in the plan of 15th century Beijing, was known as the ____.

Tian'an Men

In China, buildings of secondary importance face east or west and are shielded wherever possible by generous overhangs or vegetation.

True

Courtyard houses made of rammed earth, built by the rural population of the Fujian province that was located in mountainous southeast China, were known as ____.

Tulou

The Chinese principle that encompassed not only the feminine, but also such items the moon, night, water, moissture, darkness, shadows, and plant materials that reflected these properties was ____.

Yin

Paths that a visitor has to follow in the temple of Jinci at Taiyuan to reach the Hall of the Sacred Mother in the order from the first path to final path.

1. A stage for performances 2. A stone bridge and terrace 3. A hall for offerings 4. A four-way bridge over a square pool

Parts of a typical Chinese timber hall.

A platform Columns A roof

Indigenous Chinese religious beliefs.

Ancestor worship Animism

Except for the humblest single-jian houses, Chinese buildings tend to occur in ensembles organized around ____.

Courtyards

Laotzu's philosophy was known as ____.

Daoism

Raised-floor structures, as seen at the Ise shrine buildings, were also characteristic of early Japanese ____.

Imperial palaces

The Great South Gate of Todaiji in Japan is an example of the ____ of architecture.

Great Buddha Style

The Japanese structure that has main posts that rise to its full height where, at the peak, a series of so-called rainbow beams with frog-leg struts are stacked to support the ridge is the ____.

Great South Gate at Todaiji

The structure in China that begun in pieces by feudal lords, unified by the first Qin emperor in 221 BCE, and largely rebuilt and extended during the Ming Dynasty was the ____.

Great Wall

Traditional Chinese house design placed great emphasis on family privacy and typically had ____.

High walls fronting each house

Elements of Japanese houses The floors The enclosing walls

Materials used in their construction: They were made of earth. They were made of wattle and daub.

According to the layout of the capital city of Chang'an, the imperial residence of the crown prince and support spaces were to the ____ of the administrative center that housed government offices.

North

Chinese pagodas: The Longhua Pagoda in Shanghai The pagoda at the Fogong Monastery in Shanxi province

Their respective features: It has a brick core and wooden perimeter galleries for viewing the landscape. It is the oldest surviving pagoda constructed entirely in wood and one of the tallest wooden constructions in the world.

Ise Shrines at Uji-Yamada in Japan The Outer Shrine The Inner Shrine

The goddesses to whom they are dedicated: It is dedicated to Toyouke, goddess of agriculture and the earth. It is dedicated to Amaterasu, goddess of the sun.

For Chinese buildings from the period before about 2000 BCE, there is little information because ____.

The sites are still occupied

In the Qing painting style of Suzhou, the most prestistaious color was ____.

gold

The architecture of the Japanese Ise shrine buildings is believed to have evolved from vernacualr designs for granaries, which were ____.

raised on posts to protect their contents from damp and vermin

In typical Chinese timber halls, ornament appeared on ceilings and around windows and on doors as paneling or lattice-work in the form of ____.

squares, diamonds, and parallelograms