Architecture Midterm

stance

"an attitude adopted in relation to a particular object of contemplation; a policy, a 'posture'", or "dissention; dispute".

the elements are architecture are NOT

-The raw materials from which the building is constructed. -An entire building.

Visualization is a fundamental component of

design

According to the textbook, an architect composes the basic elements of architecture in order to do which of the following?

Orchestrate experience Express an idea or viewpoint Influence human behavior

Maya pyramids, such as those built at Chichen Itza, DO NOT use which of the following architectural elements?

Pit/depressed plane

the work of Frank Lloyd Wright that is suited for flat planes

Prairie Styles

two kinds of value in the elements of architecture

the practical (functional) and the symbolic

The ancient Greek's democratic values DID NOT influence the organization of the city plan of Miletus

false

who designed the Barcelona Pavilion

Mies van der Rohe

gardens at the KatsuraImperial Villa

designed with the purpose of providing a place where people can stroll at their own pace, studying the flora and fauna, and engaging their full sensorial palette, while also resting their minds and their spirits.

isualization and the design process are

iterative

Which of the following is an accurate definition of 'stance'?

A standing-place, station or position An attitude adopted in relation to a particular object of contemplation; a policy; a 'posture' A site; an area for building upon

Which of the following is a core value of the Rural Studio (as seen in the film Citizen Architect)?

Architecture is a social art, and the architect has a social responsibility to improve the lives of the people that live in it.

In the Barcelona Pavilion (see image), Mies van der Rohe used all the following architectural elements EXCEPT which one?

Bridge

work that demonstrates the use of gravity

Eduardo Torroja's ZarzeulaHorse Racecourse in Madrid, in which the roof quite literally flies out over the stands to shade the spectators sitting below, in a way that defies gravity

work of art that utilizes climate

Glenn Murcutt's the Marika-Alderton House located in the hot regions of Australia's Northern Territory is designed to open up, to take advantage of natural ventilation. The roof pulls away and allows heat to be exhausted, and the lower levels of the house can be opened upto admit cross breezes

According to the textbook, which of the following are typical conditions an architect considers when designing architecture?

Gravity Weather Building materials The size and shape of the human body

Which of the following is true about the "archetypal temple" discussed in the textbook?

It typically stands on a platform that makes it separate from its surroundings

Which of the following can be correctly described as architecture that was designed to make a political statement?

Josep Lluis Sert's and Luis Lacasa's 1937 Spanish Pavilion

work that demonstrates the use of space

Mies van der Rohe'sNeue Nationalgaleriein Berlin.

According to the textbook, which of the following are typical conditions an architect considers when designing architecture?

The physical needs of the people that live in the architecture The behaviors and beliefs of the people that live in the architecture History and tradition The future

Symbol and metaphor: the sacred mountain

The pyramid symbolizes the sacred mountain, where ritual sacrifices can be offered to the gods. The peak of the pyramid operates as the focal point, and the stair represents the trek to the top of the mountain.

floor plan for Chartres Cathedral in France symbolism

The special configuration of these axes: they form the symbol of the cross which, of course, is a primary icon of the Christian faith. The religious symbol is the means of organizing the paths, the structure and the interior spaces. Behind the altar is the choir, and the architects curved a path, called the ambulatory, that allows the faithful to walk behind the altar and view the ceremony from multiple vantage points.

Which of the following classical orders (see image) did the ancient Greeks and Romans describe as feminine?

The tall, slender and elegant Ionic order

Which of the following is true about the elements of architecture when they are carefully composed?

They can express meaning They can evoke metaphors They can shelter inhabitants from the weather

Holkham Hall symbolism

They designed their temples to resemble their own houses, and in Holkham Hall we see the very same symbol now returning to its roots in domestic life, but now it is also charged with the iconic value of the place where the gods dwell.

The Pit (recessed ground plane)

This element tends to merge objects and human activities with the earth, and it makes them more hidden and private.

In the Pompidou Center (see image), the structure is placed on the outside of the building for which of the following reasons?

To reveal that the Pompidou Centre is a progressive, forward-thinking institution To celebrate modern technology To remove all structural elements from the interior, which provides flexible exhibition space

example of a building that contrasts the setting

Weiss/Manfredi's design for the CAED Building on Kent State's campus

the work of Zaha Hadid that takes advantage of the site's extreme slope to provide stunning views of the surrounding mountains.

Zaha Hadid's Messner Mountain Museum

design is

a purposeful act, and it is deeply affected by the designer's own experience, attitude, position, agenda, philosophy or value system

Visualization exercises what?

architect's imagination and creativity

Composition brings ___ and ___

order, structure

The fully three-dimensional physical model allows for

study the height, width and depth of the object simultaneously, such as in the model you see here

The two-dimensional drawing is useful for

studying the relationships between objects or spaces in a single plane, whether vertical or horizontal, such as the urban plan you see here; imply or approximate a three-dimensional reality, such as the perspectives or paralinedrawings you see here.

there are three ways to categorize the relationship between structure and architectural shape or form.

-when form dominates structure, that is, the designer's primary intent is to express her or his artistic sensibility, and then begins to look for a structural system that can support this form. -structure is the primary consideration, and any aesthetic judgement of it came long after. -when the two workhand in hand with one another. It is a relationship in which the designer thinks about the form of the object and the way in which it will support itself at the same time, as if the two are so integrally related that you cannot logical separate one from the other.

work that demonstrates light

Pantheon, the architect's response to light produces a dramatic effect, and become the physical embodiment of the heavens on earth. In this way the architect is harnessing the power of light to enhance the function of the building, which is to worship these various gods.

what does the Barcelona Pavilion sit on

The entire building sits on a platform, which is Mies' strategy of flattening the existing topography, creating a clear, level surface (a tabula rasa) that helps to set the building apart from its surroundings as something special.

EeroSaarinen's TWA Terminal at JFK Airport symbolism

air travel still had the allure and mystique of new technology. So when Saarinen designed this (and other) air terminals in the 1960s, he tapped into the form of flight by sculpting the roof to reflect symbolic value. When you look at this terminal you should see a bird of prey poised for flight

composition

an assembly or organization of separate elements, but it is much more than a simple game of putting puzzle pieces together; a purposeful act that serves human use, provides a place for human interaction, solves problems, provides meaning or expresses artistic ideas.In architecture, composition is an assembly or organizatio

what is structure

any system that brings order and organization to a composition of individual objects or spaces.

unchanging conditions

changing conditions include ground, space, gravity and light. No matter how unique the project is, all architecture exists on a ground plane, contains and/or defines space, is subject to the laws of gravity, and receives the light of the sun.

the changing condition

climate, society, culture and deterioration. These conditions are in a constant state of flux and are "changing" because an architect may choose whether to respond to them or not.

façade of the Palazzo Medici Riccardi

composed to demonstrate that its inhabitants were people of great wealth, great political influence and great influence in the development of art and culture.

The British House of Commons

configured in order to provoke political debate, and to pit one side against the other.

ancient Greek amphitheater

designed to be a place where topography, theater, community and views of the surrounding landscape could come together in a singular cultural experience.

before producing any architectural composition, what must the architect do ?

develop a deep understanding of each of the elements of architecture and how they operate both practically and symbolically

According to the textbook, a building represents either an "archetypal temple" or an "archetypal cottage", but no building can have elements of both archetypes.

false

The Rural Studio (as seen in the film Citizen Architect) teaches students that Architecture is a theoretical art, and does not need to relate to the people that it serves.

false

element

he simplest component of a complex whole which cannot be further subdivided or broken down into simpler constituent parts. The elements of architecture define space, and they can separate one space from another.

the elements are instraments for ___

place-making; they work together in harmony to determine how space is used, what it means, etc

The Platform (elevated ground plane)

placing the object of attention on a higher plane (i.e. the stage) makes the object more visible to the spectator (this is its functional value), but also tells the spectator that the object on the platform is the singular focus of the room (this is its symbolic value).

site

refers to the specific physical location on which a building is placed, the tangible and intangible context in which architecture operates.

what serves as a marker in the Barcelona Pavilion

sculpture of a woman

universal space

space that exists continuously between inside and outside, but also from one space to another.

The design process is founded on ...

the architect's broad idea about architecture, as well as the specific idea she or he has about the project at hand.

The focus

the focus draws attention to itself by being the center of human activity.

the unchanging condition of architecture

the ground, the architecture can either sit directly on the ground plane, hover over it, or be embedded within it.

The Marker

the marker occupies a special spot and makes that spot more visual. It serves as a reference point and/or a singular place of memory. he marker also highlights a specific point in space that an architect determines to be important and worth emphasis

Visualization

the process by which architects and other designers formulate ideas and bring these ideas—which are abstract—into reality in concrete form. Quite literally, visualization makes an invisible idea, visible. In this way, it involves the designer's ability to generate ideas, as well as her or his ability to represent those ideas in a form that is visible to others. It is also a means of analysis by which the architect investigates, evaluates and refines the ideas of the project, but also of projecting forward and foreseeing the eventual result.

the conditions to which architecture responds are

the setting in which architecture operates

examples of how elements are used

they identify or define place, they organize space, they accommodate human habitation, they orchestrate experience, they frame activity and they mark ritual. They each have both a functional value and a symbolic value, and in many cases these two sets of value (that is, the functional and the symbolic) are derived from one another.

According to the textbook, the shape of the "archetypal cottage" conforms to the landscape so much that it often appears to be unified with its surroundings.

true

In every architectural project, the architect decides which issues and/or problems she/he will consider in the design, and which to ignore. These choices reveal the architect's stance.

true

In the Barcelona Pavilion (see image), Mies van der Rohe composed architectural elements in order to demonstrate that Germany was a modern, democratic country.

true

Topography (i.e. the shape of the land) influenced the composition, structure and organization of the city of Pamplona (see image).

true

The Pyramids of Giza

use the elements of architecture to be a sign of the eternal reign of the Pharaohs they represented, and to demonstrate the Pharaoh's power, authority and divinity.

why is a pit used in the Barcelona Pavilion

uses a pit or recessed ground plane as a means of provided a mirror of water to reflect people, building and sky, as well as to make it seem that space flows universally in the vertical dimension, as well as the horizontal.