Art 105 exam 1

In the Indian miniature Krishna and Radha in a Pavilon, which element symbolizes the sexual excitement between the lovers? a. Krishna's blue skin b. the pavilion c. the lightening flash in the sky d. the garden

(c.) the lightening flash in the sky

What is the Taj Mahal? a. A mausoleum. b. A memorial to Mumtaz Mahal. c. Symbolic of the throne of God in the Gardens of Paradise. d. All of the above.

(d.) All of the above.

The distinctive approach to body form seen in this Walking Buddha bronze is found only in _______________________. a. India b. Cambodia c. Java d. Thailand

(d.) Thailand

The small seal discovered at Mohenjo-daro (in present-day _______________) uses which figure to communicate the Indian practice of meditation? a. the boar avatar of Vishnu b. a bearded, robed male figure c. Buddha seated on a lion throne d. a three-faced figure wearing a horned headdress seated in a yogic posture

(d.) a three-faced figure wearing a horned headdress seated in a yogic posture Pakistan

This canonical image of Buddha: a. represents the Indian notion of perfect body form. b. shows Buddha's hands in the Wheel-turning gesture. c. became so popular that temples housing statues like it displaced the stupa as the norm in Buddhist architecture. d. all of the above

(d.) all of the above

What kind of evidence do art historians use to date works of art? a. physical evidence b. documentary evidence c. stylistic evidence d. internal evidence e. all of the above

(e.) all of the above

The colossal gateway towers erected during the _________________________ at the Great Temple at Madurai feature brightly painted stucco sculptures representing the vast pantheon of Hindu deities.

Nayak Dynasty, Outermost Gopuras

An East Asian tower, usually associated with a Buddhist temple, having a multiplicity of winged eaves; thought to be derived from the Indian stupa.

Pagoda

The horizontal arrangement of the parts of a building or of the buildings and streets of a city or town, or a drawing or diagram showing such an arrangement.

Plan

The relationship (in terms of size) of the parts of persons, buildings, or objects

Proportion

Style of a particular geographical area

Regional Style

Sculpture in which the subjects project from the background, but remain part of it

Relief Sculpture

The 344-foot-tall _________________________ houses two of the Buddha's hairs. Silver and jewels and 13,153 gold plates sheathe its exterior. The gold ball at the top is inlaid with 4,351 diamonds. It is located in ___________________________

Schwedagon Pagoda, Myanmar

Freestanding figures, carved or modeled in three dimensions.

Sculptures in the round / Freestanding sculptures

Under the Guptas, artists formulated the canonical image of the Buddha, combining the Gandharan monastic-robe type with the Mathuran type of soft, full-bodied figure attired in clinging garments.

Seated Buddha India

In architecture, a diagram or representation of a part of a structure or building along an imaginary plane that passes through it vertically.

Section

The Beehive like towers of earlier northern-style Hindu Temples

Shikaras

The Destroyer, but, consistent with the multiplicity of Hindu belief, he is also a regenerative force and, in the latter role, can be represented in the form of a linga (a phallus or cosmic pillar). When Shiva appears in human form in Hindu art, he frequently has multiple limbs and heads (FIGS. 1-17, 1-18, and 1-25), signs of his suprahuman nature, and matted locks piled atop his head, crowned by a crescent moon

Shiva

Who are the three major Hindu gods

Shiva, Vishnu, Devi

A large, mound-shaped Buddhist shrine.

Stupa

The processes artists employ to create form, as well as the distinctive, personal ways in which they handle their materials and tools.

Technique

The _____________________ king dresses the____________________, carved from green jade or jasper, in a monk's robe and a king's robe at different times of the year, underscoring the image's symbolic role as both Buddha and king.

Thai, Emerald Buddha

An Indian Goddess representing fertility and vegetation

Yakshi

The Sanchi ______________ are scantily clad women who make mango trees flower. The pose was later used to represent Queen Maya giving birth to the Buddha.

Yakshi

This building houses a relic of Buddha and visitors circumambulate the structure in a clockwise direction. This is the: a. Vishvanatha Temple at Khajuraho, India b. Great Stupa at Sanchi, India c. Borobudur at Java, Indonesia d. Angkor Wat, Cambodia

b. Great Stupa at Sanchi, India

A bronze-casting method in which a figure is modeled in wax and covered with clay; the whole is fired, melting away the wax (French, cire perdue) and hardening the clay, which then becomes a mold for molten metal.

lost-wax (cire perdue) process

This site was constructed by a Khmer king to honor his personal god Vishnu. a. Angkor Wat, Cambodia b. Borobudur, Java c. Towers of the Bayon, Angkor Thom, Cambodia d. Vishnu Temple, Deogarth, India

(a.) Angkor Wat, Cambodia

Non-Western art differs most dramatically from Western art due to the absence of these two devices used by Western artists since the ancient Greeks: a. Perspective and foreshortening b. Line and color c. Form and composition d. Proportion and scale

(a.) Perspective and foreshortening

The columns set up by the ruler Ashoka in India had elaborate capitals like this one. Ashoka is best known for: a. spreading Buddhism throughout India. b. spreading Daoism throughout India. c. spreading Hinduism throughout India. d. spreading Islam throughout India.

(a.) spreading Buddhism throughout India.

What is the difference between Art History and Art Appreciation? a. Art Appreciation requires knowledge of historical context. b. Art History requires knowledge of historical context. c. Neither require knowledge of historical context. d. Both require knowledge of historical context.

(b.) Art History requires knowledge of historical context.

How is the story about the wild elephant from the Akbarnama an allegory for Akbar's early years as a ruler? a. It indicated his ability to tame wild animals. b. It indicated his ability to take charge of an unruly state. c. It indicated that he was gracious in victory. d. It indicated that he would not accept defeat.

(b.) It indicated his ability to take charge of an unruly state.

What do art historians mean when they use the term school? a. an educational institution b. a group of artists working in the same style at the same time and place c. a group of artists working in many different styles at the same time and place d. a group of artists who teach at an educational institution

(b.) a group of artists working in the same style at the same time and place

Period style refers to: a. variations in style tied to geography b. a chronological study of style c. the characteristic artistic manner of a specific time, usually within a distinct culture d. an artist's personal style

(c.) the characteristic artistic manner of a specific time, usually within a distinct culture

System of "correct" or "ideal" proportions for representing human figures, parts of buildings, etc..

Canon

A subtractive technique in sculpture

Carving

An additive technique in sculpture

Casting

The parts of the structure are of equal or almost equal dimensions around the center.

Central Plan

A South Asian rock-cut temple hall having a votive stupa at one end.

Chaitya Hall

In Buddhist worship, walking around the stupa in a clockwise direction, a process intended to bring the worshiper into harmony with the cosmos.

Circumambulation

The way in which an artist orga- nizes forms in an artwork, either by placing shapes on a flat surface or arranging forms in space.

Composition

An architectural drawing that combines an exterior view with an interior view of part of a building.

Cutaway

The Great Goddess who takes many forms and has many names. Hindus worship her alone or as a consort of male gods

Devi / Radha

Vietnamese ceramists exported underglaze pottery throughout South-east Asia and beyond. The spontaneity of the depiction of __________________________________________ contrasts with the formality of Chinese porcelains. It is located in ___________________

Dish with two mynah birds on a flowering branch, Vietnam

In architecture, a head-on view of an external or internal wall, showing its features and often other elements that would be visible beyond or before the wall.

Elevation

An object's shape and structure, either in 2 or 3 dimensions

Form

Gateway Towers of later Hindu temples

Gopuras

The enlarging of elements or figures considered the most important

Hierarchy of Scale

The dominant religion in India today, has its origins in Aryan religion

Hinduism

The study of content and symbols in art

Iconography

In this early example of ___________________ painting in an Ajanta cave, the artist rendered the sensuous form of the richly attired bodhisattva with gentle gradations of color and delicate highlights and shadows.

Indian, Bodhisattva Padmapani

The popularity of Gupta Buddha statues led to a transformation in _____________ religious architecture. ________ at Ajanta is a chaitya hall with an image of the Buddha carved on the front of its stupa.

Indian, Cave 19

Shiva here dances the cosmic dance and has 18 arms, some holding objects, others forming mudras. Hindu gods often have multiple limbs to indicate their suprahuman nature and divine powers.

Indian, Dancing Shiva

This Mughal mausoleum seems to float magically over reflecting pools in a vast garden. The tomb may have been conceived as the Throne of God perched above the gardens of Paradise on Judgment Day.

Indian, Taj Mahal

1000 AD, placed on high pedestal, series of shapes that build to become a large tower, "embryo" room in center containing a small shrine, ambulatory circles around the inner chamber, corbel led roofs have beehive quality

Indian, Vishvanatha Temple

In _________________________________________, the lovers sit naked on a bed beneath a jeweled pavilion in a lush garden of ripe mangoes and flowering shrubs. Krishna gently touches Radha's breast while gazing directly into her face.

Krishna and Radha in a Pavilion

Drawings showing a theoretical slice across a structure's width

Lateral Section

Drawings cutting through a building's length

Longitudinal Sections

A monumental tomb. The name derives from the mid-fourth-century BCE tomb of Mausolos at Halikarnassos, one of the Seven Wonders of the ancient world.

Mausoleum

The material from which an artwork is made

Medium

_____________________________ combined the bronze-casting techniques of the Bastar tribe with the swelling forms of 20th-century European sculpture in this statue of King Ashoka meant to be a pacifist's protest against violence.

Meera Mukherjee, Kalinga Phillipines

Small individual Indian paintings intended to be held in the hand and viewed by one or two individuals at one time.

Miniature Painting

Amorous couples representing fertility and protections of the sacred precinct

Mithunas

Northern Hindu temples are usually decorated with reliefs depicting deities and amorous couples (___________). The erotic sculptures suggest the propagation of life and serve as protectors of the sacred precinct.

Mithunas

_______________________, built by ____________________ II to associate the Khmer king with the god Vishnu, has five towers symbolizing the five peaks of Mount Meru, the sacred mountain at the center of the universe. It is located in ________________

Angkor Wat, Suryavarman, Cambodia

As a contemporary Indian artist, Meera Mukherjee creatively combined the past and present in her cast-bronze statue of _________________________________. a. Buddha's First Sermon at Sarnath b. Vishnu Rescuing the Earth c. Shiva as Nataraja d. Ashoka at Kalinga

Ashoka at Kalinga

The parts of a building are organized longitudinally, or along a given axis

Axial Plan

The Mughal rulers of India were great patrons of miniature painting. This example, showing the young emperor Akbar bringing the elephant Hawai under control, is also an allegory of his ability to rule.

Basawan and Chatar Muni

In Buddhist thought, a potential Buddha who chooses not to achieve enlightenment in order to help save humanity.

Bodhisattva

The founder of ________________________ was the _______________, a historical figure who advocated the path of asceticism, or self-discipline and self-denial, as the means to free oneself from attachments to people and possessions, thus ending rebirth.

Buddhism Buddha

This fragmentary hollow-cast bronze statue was originally more than 20 feet long and inlaid with gold, silver, and jewels. It portrays Vishnu asleep on the ___________________ at the moment of the universe's creation.

Cambodia, Vishnu Lying on the Cosmic Ocean

The Preserver of the Universe. Artists frequently portray him with four arms holding various attributes, including a conch-shell trumpet and discus.

Vishnu / Krishna

The ____________________________ statuary type is unique to ________________________ and displays a distinctive approach to body form. The Buddha's body is soft and elastic, and the right arm hangs loosely, like an elephant trunk.

Walking Buddha, Thailand