ART 111 Week 5

what is Chiaroscuro italian for

"light dark"

Expressive Aspects of Color

-Artists sometimes want viewers to "feel" an artwork, rather than merely understand it -Color can express a wide range of emotions -Artists can use color to engage the viewer and suggest meaning

Paul Klee, Ancient Sound

-Associates the tonal qualities of color with sound, for example, yellows are similar to bright, high-pitched noises -Darks are similar to deep, low sounds -Klee was both an artist and violinist

Mosque lamp from the Dome of the Rock

-Blue and green reflect the meditative atmosphere of the Dome -In Islamic art, green has positive associations and supports the peacefulness of prayer -Cool colors are peaceful, associated with water, plant life, and the sky

interpreting color

-Color and our cultural beliefs about color affect how we think and feel -Studies show that color can affect human behavior -Colors also have traditional symbolic values

the psychology of color

-Color can alter the way we feel and react -Some reactions are culturally biased, whereas others are universal -For example, red may provoke passion or anger; green is associated with restfulness but also decay and illness

Vincent Van Gogh, The Night Cafe

-Colors express Van Gogh's sense that this nightspot had a detrimental psychological influence on its patrons -Fierce red, feverish yellow, and sickly green convey feelings of unease and sorrow

Frederic Edwin Church, Twilight in the Wilderness

-Complementary colors create dramatic effect -Intense red-orange clouds complement the blue-green evening sky -Powerful color reveals Church's awe and respect for the American landscape

Henri Matisse, Open Window, Collioure

-Matisse, an influential member of the Fauves, focused on the expressive use of color -Used color intensely to reveal the rich character of painting -Complementary pairs enhance the painting, resulting in vibrant color

subjective perceptions of color

-Our experience of color is subjective, varying from person to person -Our interpretations and associations are influenced by culture, personal experience, physiological differences, and other variables

Kane Kwei, Coffin

-Painted a brilliant, intentionally exaggerated, mid-hue orange -Bright colors add to the celebratory mood of funerals in Ghana -Commissioned by a cocoa farmer who wanted to tell everybody about his lifelong passion

Georges Seurat, The Circus

-Pointillism is the use of small dots of color, painted close together -Our eyes see the colors differently through optical mixing -Colors appear more intense because they retain their individual intensity

Saban, Flowers

-Seeks to "debunk" traditional beliefs about color -Mixes red from magenta and yellow -CMY are already the accepted colors used in design and commercial printing

the sensation of color

-Some colors are associated with emotional states (e.g. feeling "blue") -Color temperature is based on our associations with warmth and coolness (e.g. red is hot) -Color can affect the way we see (the illusion of optical color)

Kandinsky, Yellow-Red-Blue

-Uses primary colors + black and white -Kandinsky intended to simplify and celebrate art in its purest sense -Primary colors produce the purest color because they are not created by mixing other colors

Color deception

-We can be deceived by a color because of the influences of color adjacent to it -Color theorist Josef Albers described some of these color deceptions in his experiments -For example, he created illustrations of how one color can look like two

what are the four components of space (in art)?

1.Size 2.Overlapping 3.Position 4.Changing brightness and color

The French artist Pierre-Paul Prud'hon created chiaroscuro by using ________ chalk on paper.

Black and White

Most commercial color printing is achieved using four separate colors, represented by the matrix ________.

CMYK

The chiaroscuro method uses five defined values: cast shadow, reflected light, core shadow, light, and ________.

Highlight

Color in design Print vs. Screen Design

Print = CMYK primary colors are cyan, magenta, yellow, black Screen = RGB primary colors are red, green, blue

Detective movies of the 1940s were filmed in such dark tones they were referred to as film noir. Filmmakers chose these dark values to enhance the ________ mood of the movies.

Serious

value

The lightness or darkness of a plane or area

What emotional and psychological responses are typical to someone is exposed to red or red light for extended periods?

They become aggressive. They want to eat.

True or False. Each color has a different wavelength.

True

The lightness or darkness of a surface is the element of art called ________.

Value

shade

a color darker in value than its purest state achieved by adding black or a very dark color different colors of the same hue vary in terms of their value

tint

a color lighter in value than its purest state achieved by adding white or a very light color. different colors of the same hue vary in terms of their value

impressionists

a group of artist who shared an interests in the effects of light and color on the natural world

Fauves

a group of early 20th century French artist paintings used vivid colors

Chiaroscuro

a method of applying value to a two-dimensional piece of artwork to create the illusion of these dimensions

one point linear perspective

a perspective system with a single vanishing point on the horizon

Foreshortening

a perspective technique that depicts form at a very oblique (often dramatic) angle to the viewer in order to show depth in space

what can separate light into the visible spectrum

a prism

two point perspective

a system of perspective that includes two vanishing points

isometric perspective

a system using diagonal parallel lines to communicate depth

When using a series of squares that are exactly the same shape, implied depth can be achieved by ________.

alternating value relative size overlapping relative position

highlight

an area of lightest value in a work

Colors that do not contrast strongly with each other, and which are similar in wavelength, are ________ colors.

analogous

When objects are far away they lack contrast, detail, and sharpness of focus because of the interference of air. Artists take advantage of this when they use the process called:

atmospheric perspective

what can color do

attract our attention and excites our emotions

Which color combination is analogous?

blue, blue-green and green

This method of applying value to a two-dimensional artwork in order to create the illusion of three-dimensional solid form is called ________.

chiaroscuro

An artist can use color to indicate depth. When a color is very pure and intense then it seems to be ________.

closer

This is the most vivid element of art and design.

color

what is the most vivid element of art

color

analogous colors

colors adjacent to each other on the color wheel similar in wavelength create color unity and harmony

secondary colors

colors mixed from two primary colors - green, orange, and purple

complementary colors

colors opposite one another on the color wheel when they are mixed they produce gray or black

optical color

colors our minds create based on the information we can perceive

Colors that are on opposite sides of the color wheel are radically different in wavelength and are called ________.

complementary colors

what do cool colors do?

cool colors recede in a picture plane

In order to create value in his drawing Head of a Satyr, Michelangelo used both hatching and ________, a variation where the lines overlap, allowing for the depiction of darker tones.

cross-hatching

The medieval Arabic scholar Alhazen used a camera obscura, a device that later helped artists to understand the basic tenets of linear perspective. Camera obscura is a Latin phrase. What is the closest English translation?

dark room

Artists can create a sense of ________ by using light and dark values.

depth

atmospheric perspective

distant object lack, contrast, detail, and sharpness of focus because the air that surrounds us is not completely transparent.

value

each hue has a value, meaning its relative lightness or darkness compared to another hue a tint is a color lighter in value than its purest state a shade is a color darker in value

Florence Baptistery

filippo brunelleschi, a renaissance architect formulated the rules of linear perspective he applied his rules to a painting of the florence babtistery

If an artist were to draw a figure whose arm was pointing directly toward the viewer, what technique would the artist have to use when drawing the outstretched arm?

foreshortening

hue

general classification of a color; the distinctive characteristics of a color as seen in the visible spectrum, such as green or red

The process of using a series of parallel lines set close to one another to differentiate planes of value in a work of art is called ________.

hatching

monochromatic

having one or more values of one color

The term used for referring to the basic colors of the spectrum is ________.

hue

What are the four basic properties of color?

hue, value, chroma (saturation), tone

orthogonals

in perspective systems, imaginary sightlines extending from forms to the vanishing point

hue

is the general classification of a color, as seen in the visible spectrum red, yellow, blue, green, orange, and violet are hues we associate a hue with an ideal version of given color

The computer simulation game Transistor (below) uses ________ perspective.

isometric

This system, which derives its name from the Greek meaning "equal measure," uses diagonal parallel lines to communicate depth.

isometric perspective

Advertisers often use this color to reach their audience because it is the most visible in the spectrum.

lime yellow

This is the system for creating an illusion of depth using three basic components: horizon line, vanishing point, and convergence lines.

linear perspective

A color that is almost gray has a ________ saturation.

low

can we see color without light

no

What is complementary color?

opposite each other on the color wheel when mixed, produce gray (or black) when painted side by side, they intensify one another

A Summer Shower by the British artist Edith Hayllar employs linear perspective to create depth. The painting contains imaginary sightlines that converge toward a single vanishing point. These lines are also called ________.

orthogonals

perceptions of color are...

personal and subjective

The French artist Georges Seurat employed a new technique to create a jewel-like diffusion of light and vibration of color in his work The Circus. This type of painting, made up of small dots of color, is known as ________.

pointillism

This object can be used to separate white light into the colors of the spectrum.

prism

If you were to design an eye-catching poster using only two colors, the combination that would most stand out to passersby would be ________.

red and green

The traditional primary colors are ________.

red, yellow, blue

One method used to establish depth in Katsushika Hokusai's famous image The Great Wave Off Shore at Kanagawa (seen below) involves placing shapes higher or lower on the page. This process for creating depth is called ________.

relative position

A color that is lighter than its basic hue is known as a tint. A color that is darker than its basic hue is called a ________.

shade

When ________ colors are mixed, they make a duller and darker color because more of the visible spectrum is absorbed.

subtractive

Wonderwoman, Superman, and Batman

superman's fist is placed in the foreground; its large size exaggerates depth his body recedes back into space.

Color ________ can be relative to the other colors nearby. For example, violet can be warm if we see it next to a hot color like red, or cool if we see it next to a colder color like blue.

temperature

Saturation

the degree of purity of a color

color

the optical effect caused when reflected white light of the spectrum is divided into a separate wavelength

vanishing point

the point in a work of art at which imaginary sight lines appear to converge, suggesting depth

Intensity

the relative clarity of color in its purest raw form, demonstrated through luminous or muted variations

hatching

the use of non-overlapping parallel lines to convey darkness or lightness

cross-hatching

the use of overlapping parallel lines to convey darkness or lightness

brunelleschi's proof

the viewer could compare the degree of realism of the painting with the batistery itself for hundreds of years, his discovery became a standard systematic process for creating an impression of realistic depth

primary colors

three basic colors from which all others are derived - red, yellow, and blue

Hatching and cross-hatching use two-dimensional lines to communicate ________ depth.

three-dimensional

what make up the planes of the geodesic sphere?

triangular planes

The element of art that describes the relative lightness or darkness of a hue, compared to another hue, is known as ________.

value

One-point perspective does convey depth, but it has limited applications due to its reliance on a single ________.

vanishing point

When complementary colors are used next to each other in a composition, they produce a visual anomaly called simultaneous contrast. This visual effect makes the colors appear to ________ along the boundary where the two colors meet.

vibrate

what do warm colors do?

warm colors stand out and DEMAND our attention. warm colors can also move forward in a picture plane warm colors also convey excitement or anxiety

Color Temperature

we associate color with temperature because of our previous experiences relative to colors nearby communicates physical and emotional states

chroma

we tend to associate a color with its purest state, its highest level of chroma refers to the strength or weakness of a color sometimes described as saturation, chromaticness, or intensity