Art Chapter 15

The territory that was ruled from Constantinople until its defeat by ______ forces in 1453 changed many times over the centuries.

Islamic

Nave

an open central space

What type of church architecture was favored in the Christian east?

central plan

Aisle

delineations of space to accomodate worshipers

Which style of architecture was created when the French abbot Suger remodeled his church with the goal of having the church reach heavenward and the interior be filled with light?

Gothic

What architectural characteristics did abbot Suger employ at Saint-Denis that came define Gothic style?

Stained glass windows, Ribbed vaults, Pointed arches

What aspects differentiate Eastern European churches from Western European churches?

Vertical major axis in orientation, A central plan, The influence of Byzantine aesthetics

Apse

a curved end section

Gothic, the second period of art and architecture of the high middle ages derived its name from

a nomadic tribe called the Goths

The Romanesque Abbey Church of Sainte-Foy was one of the earliest churches modified to include aisles that line the transept and a(n) ______ to help visitors circulate freely.

ambulatory

Clerestory

an upward extension pierced with windows

The ______ illustrates the Norman Conquest of 1066 in 72 separate episodes that have helped scholars learn more about the events that took place.

bayeaux tapesty

In northern Europe, artists continued to work in the Gothic style until which century?

early 16th century

To emphasize the importance of the heavenly realm over the ______ realm, Byzantine art became flattened and somewhat stylized.

earthly

Byzantine rulers considered themselves to be the legitimate continuation of the ancient Roman Empire; they were known by what title?

emperor of all romans

In the context of Byzantine art, a(n) ______ is an image that represents a sacred person.

icon

In the Middle Ages, texts that were richly decorate and illustrated were described as being

illuminated

This purse cover features animal-style images and ______, which are intricately woven bands.

interlace

Transept

length-wise perpendicular extension

During the Middle Ages, most of the great churches and cathedrals, including the Abbey Church of Sainte-Foy, were built in response to the popularity of ________.

pilgrimages

People of the Byzantine world believed that icons possessed divine power and could be used to

pray directly to the person depicted

The images of the emperor Justinian and the empress Theodora that appear in San vital are meant to convey which of the following?

reinforce the presence of the distant rulers

Architects of the Gothic period used ______ as reinforcements on the major points of intersections throughout the curve of a vault.

ribs

This work showing Constantine and his court features ______ figures.

stereotyped

The most valuable and treasured possessions of medieval times were the large woven ______, which often told a story and were hung on walls in grand homes and castles

tapestries

Narthex

the fount entry porch

During the early Middle Ages, how did Christian scriptures such as the Gospel Book of Durrow reflect the art that was prevalent in northwestern Europe?

through animal style and border

Why is the Bayeux Tapestry called an embroidery?

Because colored yarns were sewn onto a woven background

Why is the Bayeux Tapestry more correctly called an embroidery?

Because colored yarns were sewn onto a woven background

Where has some some of the best-preserved, earliest-surviving, Christian art has been found?

Burial chambers

Constantinople was formerly known by what name?

Byzantium

As a way of indicating their importance, royalty, such as Constantine and Theodora, would commission works to be put in ______.

Churches

Which are common architectural features of Christian churches?

Clerestories, Naves, Apses

This work of Old St. Peter's serves as a good example of how a ______ was employed, which contained windows to let in additional light.

Clerestory

What was Duccio primarily concerned with while working on Christ Entering Jerusalem, which is a detail of Maestà Altar?

Creating a believable space in an outdoor setting

By what year had rough approximations of modern European political boundaries been established?

600

In the year ____ the Roman Emperor Constantine issued an edict of tolerance for all religions.

313

Crowned in 800, ____ was the first ruler to assume the title Emperor of Rome in over 300 years.

Charlemagne

What did the successors of Constantine do?

Established Christianity as the official state religion

True or False: The period from 476 to 1400 often referred to as the middle ages bc it was a period of relative stagnation in between 2 period of extraordinary innovation

False

In the Middle Ages, texts that were richly decorate and illustrated were described as being ______________.

Illuminated

For what reasons did the basilica become an obvious choice from which to design the basic structure of a church?

Its open structure could hold many people.The space naturally focused the attention of visitors on an altar.

What is the scene depicting Christ's followers mourning his death known as?

Lamentation

What are the images of the emperor Justinian and the empress Theodora that appear in San Vitale meant to convey?

Reinforce the presence of the distant rulers

This image of Christ as Pantokrator, which is Greek for "______," became a basic element in Byzantine iconography.

Ruler of all

What did Charlemagne use as a model for his royal chapel at Aachen?

San Vitale

What did the mismatched towers and spires of Chartres Cathedral help illustrate?

The evolution of Gothic style

For what reasons did the basilica become an obvious choice from which to design the basic structure of a church?

The space naturally focused the attention of visitors on an altar. Its open structure could hold many people.

Constantine, a Christian, had several churches, including St. Paul's Outside the Walls, built at specific locations around the Roman Empire for what reason?

To honer God because of victory in a major battle

True or false: The periods of Gothic art and Renaissance art overlap.

True

As represented in the fresco The Lamentation, Giotto became known for pioneering which technique?

Use of space