Art Chapter 17

Contrast can be depicted easily in paintings. What was Dutch landscape painter Jacob van Ruisdael's View of Ootmarsum contrasting?

He was contrasting the sky with its billowing cloud which yield to the wind and can never be tamed with human order has been established.

How were the academies of the Renaissance different from 18th century academies?

Early Renaissance academies were private informal groups of artists and scholars.

Where did the Rococo style of architecture originate?

France

Who was a painter of the American Revolution?

Charles Willson Peale

What did the prominence of Protestantism during the 17th century in the Netherlands mean?

Religious imagery and ornate churches were less prominent in artworks.

What characteristics best describe art of the Baroque era?

Works of art were embellished with ornamentation, Artists used strong contrasts between 1ights and dark

What baroque quality can be seen in Gianlorenzo Bernini's St. Theresa in Ecstacy?

Dramatic use of shadows

Like other Baroque artists, Diego Velázquez uses ______ to create drama and organize space.

light

What Baroque quality can be seen in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles?

The opulent decorations and grand scale

True or false: Vigee-Lebrun's calm personality and steadfastness can be seen in her self-portrait by: the way she gently holds the chalk; the calm look on her face; and perhaps the softness of the cast shadow displayed on the canvas.

True

True or false: Women could not succeed as professional artist during the Baroque era.

False

Baroque was the art of cathedrals and palaces, whereas Rococo had a more ______ focus.

Intimate

Look at this image. What emotion did the artist use on the faces of the women in reaction to what appears to have taken place?

Concern is on the faces of the women because Judith has just beheaded Holofernes. Her hand is raised as if to say that she hears something.

Look at this image. Despite the focus on the church building, why is this landscaping painting by Dutch artist Jacob van Ruisdael considered secular?

Even though religious art did not dominate art like it did in the Renaissance and the Italian Baroque art period, it still appeared as in this scene.

Which Baroque characteristics were common in the religious paintings of the 17th century?

Strong contrast of light areas and shadowsEmphasis on emotionsIntense theatricality

Mastery of the human form and an elevated literary subject signaled that Artemisia would be a history painter. What work of this artist features a female nude and depicts a biblical story?

Susanna and the Elders

While in Paris, Rubens painted a series of 24 paintings of the life of the Queen mother Marie de' Medici. What was the purpose of the paintings?

To celebrate the French monarchy and Marie's right to rule following the death of her husband, Henri IV

Look at this image. In 1787, Elisabeth Vigée-Lebrun painted this portrait of Marie-Antoinette and her children for what specific purpose?

To foster good will and positive sentiment for the Queen and royal family

What was the intention of Jaques-Louis David's composition Death of Marat?

To frame the death of revolutionary leader as the heroic death of martyr

What is the effect of Caravaggio's depiction of the stone slab covering Christ's tomb?

It projects forward directly involving viewers in the action of scene.

In Entombment of Christ, what effect does Caravaggio create with high contrast of light foreground and dark background?

It pushes the foreground characters into our space.

Why wasn't Fragonard's painting The Pursuit, from the Progress of Love accepted by Madame du Barry?

It was considered old-fashioned and sentimental. The seriousness of life was now in vogue.

Which monarchs ruled their countries as virtual dictators during The Age of Kings?

King Louis of France, Maria Theresa of Austria, Catherine the Great of Russia

How are the characteristics of French Baroque different from the Baroque period in Italy?

Originally Italian Baroque art was full of emotion, energy, movement and theatrical; however, it changed in each country.

In Rembrandt's Sortie of Captain Banning Cocq's Company of the Civic Guard, what effect was used on Captain Cocq, the drummer, the lieutenant and the girl in the golden dress?

Rembrandt brought attention to these people through the use of lighting.

The Renaissance humanist tried to revive Classical culture by creating academies which were modeled after what?

The academies were modeled after the Akademeia.

Remebrandt is credited with what innovation found in dutch baroque art?

The incorporation of individual portraits within the context of a larger activity

Look at this image. The Death of Marat was painted by Jacques-Louis David. Which statement best tells importance of Marat?

A major revolutionary leader who was the voice of the radical political faction called Jacobins

Many religious paintings from the 17th century employ chiaroscuro--the extreme contrast of light and dark values which was an innovation of ______.

Caravaggio

Look at this image. In examining this work, what emotion is the artist trying to show through the women who were placed on the side?

David is trying to show the emotion of sadness. They realize that one person they care about will be killed.

What two areas in art was Artemisia Gentileschi was considered skilled?

Portraiture, Landscapes

True or false: Women were accepted into the academies but they were not allowed to be students as the male students could not concentrate on their paintings or sculptures.

False

Which 17th and 18th century artists were well-known portrait painters

Artemisia Gentileschi Rembrandt Elisabeth Vigée-Lebrun

Gentle pastels used in the Rococo period are clearly opposite of the bold intense colors of the era known as ______.

Baroque

The Church of San Carolo alle Quattro Fontane is famous for the use of ovals in its design. Which artist created this work and died before the facade was completed?

Borromini

Which are characteristics of 17th and 18th century European landscape paintings?

Focus on architecture Depiction of the immensity of the natural world De-emphasis of people

In order to push the figures forward and heighten a sense of drama, what did Italian Baroque painters do?

Have light fall on subjects in different ways

Look at this image. How did Caravaggio create an emotional impact which involved the church parishioners and the priest?

He placed the painting so that the head of the priest is eye level with the slab.

What is incorrect about this description? Rembrandt contributed much to the art world. He not only mastered sculpture but also painting, drawing and etching. He was skilled in portraits, landscapes, and religious scenes.

He was not skilled in sculpture.

Besides being know as an accomplished portrait painter, what one event in Elisabeth Vigee-Lebrun's life led the way for other women to gain prestige in the artistic community?

In 1778 she gained acceptance into the French Royal Academy.

Look at this image. Although the painting shows a formal scene due to it being an official portrait, how does the artist show a warm everyday quality?

It appears to be that of an everyday scene. People are casually talking and moving in the scene.

Look at this image. How does David's The Oath of the Horatii represent the style and subject matter used in Neoclassicism?

It exemplifies patriotism which is a virtue encouraged by rulers and social thinkers. The colors are no longer pastels with creamy brush strokes. The scene is in rich colors with the subjects showing patriotism.

Who was the primary audience for Artemisia Gentileschi's work?

Kings and rulers of Europe

The success of Jacques-Louis David's The Oath of the Horatii was emblematic of the departure of Rococo and the arrival of ______, the official style of the Revolution.

Neoclassicism

Look at this image. How does Rubens link the king in the foreground of the picture with the gods above?

Rubens's use of the diagonal line leads the eye from the king in the foreground to the gods pictured above.

What does a Dutch genre painting feature?

Scenes of everyday life

Why was Elisabeth Vigee-Lebrun requested to paint Marie-Antoinette and her children?

The citizens looked at the portrait of the Queen in her muslin dress without favor. It did not depict Roman family values. It was hoped that this portrait would portray her as a devoted and beloved mother.

The use of ______ by Bernini changes the chapel itself into a theatrical experience with the drama of St. Theresa as if being on stage.

transformation

How does Versailles reflect Baroque splendor?

The lavish setting for Louis XIV features an ornate Hall of Mirrors, curves, and rich fabrics.

Look at this image. What was the only Baroque characteristic seen in Claude Lorrain's work The Abduction of Europa?

The manipulation of light

Look at this image. Which statement indicates why this painting and others in this style appealed to French aristocrats and kings?

The painting reflects a dreamlike state which may have appealed to leaders who were weary of all the formal grandeur which accompanied their duties.

In Entombment of Christ, Caravaggio has structured the hands from the top right of the painting down to Christ's face. What special element did he use?

The use of a diagonal line

Bernini's St. Teresa in Ecstasy in the centerpiece of Cornaro Chapel. What story and baroque characteristics did this sculpture focus on?

There is a theatrical appearance to this mystic who founded and order of nuns and was known for communicating with angels, while in trances

What did monarchs of Europe do during the 17th and 18th centuries?

They governed as virtual dictators.Their influence dominated the social and cultural affairs of the time.

How were homes able to display the rococo style?

They were highly decorated and sophisticated. Rocks and Shell forms appeared as decorative motifs.

Look at this image. What does the wavering candle flame in Artemisia Gentileschi's Judith and the Maidservant with the Head of Holofernes serve?

To heighten the sense of danger

Look at this image. Who are these people in the scene? Why are some people highlighted with light and others not?

Various individuals; those who paid more were highlighted