ART EXAM 3

mannerism

"stylishness," suggesting grace and sophistication. (Grace, Elegence, Esoteric subjects, Technical virtuosity ,Beauty for its own sake

the Laocoön Group.

A prime example of art from the Hellenistic era is:

Rococo

A style of art popular in Europe in the first three quarters of the 18th century. Rococo architecture and furnishings emphasized ornate but small-scale decoration, curvilinear forms, and pastel colors. Rococo painting, also tending toward the use of pastels, has a playful, light-hearted, romantic quality and often pictures the aristocracy at leisure.

renaissance

A. Artistic and intellectual developments B. Competitive market C. Artist aid in the growth of science D. The Nude E. Mythology returns F. Neoplatonist Philosophy

large windows of stained glass.

All the following are features of Romanesque architecture EXCEPT:

they were melted down to make weapons and other objects.

Although bronze was the favored material for freestanding sculpture in Greece, most bronze statues have not survived because:

ambulatories

Architects of Romanesque churches began installing ________ around the apse, which allowed the overflow of pilgrims to circulate freely around the interior of the church.

Botticelli, Donatello, and Ghiberti

Artists working in the Early Renaissance period included:

Dramatic lighting Theatrical and dynamic compositions The engagement of the viewer Multimedia (at times) Chiaroscuro and Tenebrism

Baroque art is intended to evoke intense and immediate responses:

Codex

Byzantine manuscripts were often made with costl materials.

sfumato

From the Italian word for "smoke", a technique of painting in thin glazes to achieve a hazy, cloudy atmosphere, often to represent objects or landscape meant to be perceived as distant from the picture plan.

jan van eyck albrecht durer

Genre Painting artists

a sculptor, an architect, a dramatist

Gianlorenzo Bernini was:

Kore

Greek for "maiden" or "girl," used a a generic name for the many sculptures of young women produced during the Archaic period of Greek civilization

holy wisdom

Hagia Sophia literally translates to:

Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio

He painted for a small circle associated with art patron Cardinal de Monte

hierarchical scale

In Egyptian art, the convention of representing social importance by size—for example, where the pharaoh is shown much larger than his subjects—is known as:

Venus

In Neo-Platonic thought, the Biblical character of Eve was identified with:

Basilica

In Roman architecture, a standard type of rectangular building with a large, open interior. Generally used for administrative and judicial purposes, the basilica was adapted for early church architecture. Principal elements of a basilica are nave, clerestory, aisle, and apse.

Classical

In Western civilization, refers to the ancient Greek and Roman styles

Nave

In an ancient roman basilica, the taller central space flanked by aisles. In a cruciform church, the long space flanked by aisles and leading from the entrance to the transept.

Archaic

In the history of ancient Greece, the period between the 8th and the 6th centuries B.C.E, when what would later be leading characteristics of Greek art can be seen in their earliest form

the arch

Jamb - The vertical side of the arch before curve • Voussoirs - The wedge shaped stones Keystone - The center stone

engineer, inventor, painter

Leonardo da Vinci was a skilled:

Neoclassicism

Literally " new classicism," a western movement in painting, sculpture, and architecture of the late 18th and early 19 centuries that looked to the civilization of ancient Greece and Rome for inspiration.

Judith Leyster

Many of her works were falsely attributed to Dutch painter, Frans Hals

Gianlorenzo Bernini, baldacchino 1624-33

Marks the tomb of St Peter and also serves as a tribute to Pope Urban VIII and his family family emblems: honeybees and suns The corner columns - union of Christianity & its Jewish tradition The vine of the the Eucharist climbing the twisted columns associated with the temple of Solomon

linear perspective

Masaccio used what new spacial technique in the Trinity with the Virgin fresco ?

leonardo da vinci

Notes and Sketches; anatomy, botany, geology, meteorology, architectural design and mechanics Designed: flying machines a kind of automobile a parachute military equipment *MONA LISA- (Sfumato, Atmospheric Perspective)

skilled crafts workers to intellectuals.

One of the effects of the Renaissance was to change the status of artists in Europe from:

Geometric

One of the many standard Greek pottery shapes is a krater and belongs to the period known as:

Genre painting

Painting that takes daily life for is subject

genre

Paintings depicting scenes of everyday life are known as ________ paintings.

Renaissance

Period in Europe from the 14th to the 16th century, characterized by a renewed interest in Classical art, architecture, literature and philosophy. The Renaissance began in Italy and gradually spread to the rest of Europe. In art, it is most closely associated with Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael.

High Middle ages: Romanesque Age of cathedrals

Romanesque architecture is defined by: - Overall massiveness - Thick stone walls - Round arches - Barrel-vaulted stone ceilings

Colosseum

Romans could watch gladiators fight to the death, along with other sporting events, at the:

High Renaissance

Sfumato - "smoke" subtle or almost imperceptible changes between light and dark as though seen through a fog. • Pieta - The Virgin mourns/holds her son, Jesus Christ. • Ignudo - (Ignudi) heroic figures of nude young men. • Putti - plump "Little Men" or useful cherubs • Sybils - soothsayers and foretellers of the future

Chartres Cathedral

Spires - Tapering cone-like structures at the tops of the towers A flying buttress - A structural element used to help support the weight of the walls. Rose window - A term used to refer to any large, round, decorative stained glass window. Portals - Entrances Tympanum - Decorative half circle above the portal Archivolts - Decorative bands that surround the tympanum Clearstory - A windowed wall that is high enough to allow for light to permeate

a hospital for patients with skin disease.

The Isenheim Altarpiece, with its gruesome details of Christ's flesh wounds, originally hung in:

were influenced by Persian culture, built the Taj Mahal, created illustrated books.

The Mughals, an Islamic people from central Asia:

Two forms of Christian art:

The Narrative Image - stories with moral and theological implications The Iconic Image - symbolize core concepts and values

temple for all the gods

The Pantheon

Romanesque; Gothic

The art and architecture of the high Middle Ages is generally divided into two periods, the ________ and the ________.

transept

The cross-shaped floor plan of a church is formed by the combined shapes of the nave and the

genre

The daily lives of ordinary people considered as subject matter for art.

Geometric style

The first clearly defined Greek style. This terra cotta vase from the Dipylon cemetery shows this style.

classic simplicity

The following characteristics are all typical of Italian Baroque art EXCEPT:

reliquary

The gold-hammered vessel set with gems that contained the remains of Saint Foy is called a:

Hellenistic

The last phase of Greek art.

the Reformation

The movement that divided all of Europe into Protestant and Catholic camps is called:

Bacchus 1595-96

The naturalism in this work is evident in that Caravaggio is painting what he sees. •The Farmers tan •Dirt under fingernails •The folds of the cloth •The ripples of wine •The rotting fruit

Nefertiti

The portrait bust of __________ is presented in a naturalistic and elegant style that is timeless.

Illumination

The practice of adding hand-drawn illustrations and other embellishments to a manuscript. 2. An illustration or ornament thus added.

multiple layers of glazes.

The technique of sfumato involves the use of:

ruler of all

The term pantokrater, used in the title of the mosaic Christ as the Pantokater, is Greek for:

A. scenes of everyday life. B. the story of the artist's life. C. The last judgement in the Bible D. None of these answers is correct.******

The theme of the Sistine Chapel ceiling frescoes comes from:

rebirth

The word renaissance means:

greeks

They were the first western Europeans to introduce nudity with the male figure. Physical beauty and proportion over status

entasis

To compensate for the natural visual distortion in which tall columns appear to bend inward, the Greeks gave them a slight bulge, which is known as:

Unlike their Greek and Roman predecessors, Byzantine artists preferred:

Unlike their Greek and Roman predecessors, Byzantine artists preferred:

They used drillwork to create a thin and dematerialized effect contradicting their support function.

What element of the capitals in Hagia Sophia reflect the general shift away from the solidity of Greek and Roman architecture?

The Death of Marat

Which work of art tells the story of a man who was murdered in his bath?

Artemisia Gentileschi

Worked for the Grand Duke of Cosimo II de Medici (Florence) ● Elected to attend the Florentine Academy of Design. ● At age 17 she created a "masterpiece" that would set her reputation as a prominent painter.

triangular

________ organization, as seen in Leonardo da Vinci's Madonna and Child with Saint Anne, was a popular device among Renaissance artists of Italy.

Triforium

a gallery or arcade above the arches of the nave, choir, and transepts of a church

Animal style

a style in european and western Asian art in ancient and medieval times based in linear, stylized animal forms. Animal style is often found in metalwork

Embroidery

a technique of needlework in which designs or figures are stitched into a textile ground with colored thread or yarn

relics

actual earthly remains or possessions of the saints

Conventions (style)

an established way of representing things, widely accepted by artists and patrons at a particular time and place. Often conceptual principles rather than observation

illumination

an illustration page for Christian scripture.

continuous narrative

combination of events and people into one scene

As Christianity grew

congregations grew bigger places of worship grew larger Building techniques improved (bigger and taller structures) Light became metaphorical (God and Divinity) The cathedral was a main focus in society

Interlace

decoration composed of intricately intertwined strips or ribbons. Interlace was especially popular in medieval Celtic and Scandinavian art

Velazquez

dressed as a courtier and wearing the Order of Santiago and the keys to the palace

Tenebrism

extreme contrasts of light and dark in figurative compositions to heighten their dramatic effect.

Aisles

generally, passageway flanking a central area. In a basilica or cathedral, aisles flank the nave

Kouros

greek for "youth" or "boy," used as a generic name for the numerous sculptures of nude youths produced during the Archaic period of Greek civilization

Entasis

in Classical architecture, the slight swelling or bulge built into the center of a column to make the column seem straight visually.

Icon

in byzantine and later orthodox christian art, a portrait of a sacred person or an image of a sacred event

Narthex

in early christian architecture, the porch or vestibule serving as an entryway to a church

Byzantine Stylization

less naturalistic Eastern style, elongated, flattened, linear qualities, and elaborate materials.

Hellenistic

literally "Greek-like" or "based in Greek culture." Descriptive of the art produced in Greece and in regions under Greek rule or cultural influence from 323 BC until the rise of the Roman Empire in the final decades of the 1st century BC Hellenistic art followed three broad trends: a continuing classicism; a new style characterized by dramatic emotion and turbulence; and a closely observed realism

Classical

most narrowly, the "middle" period of ancient Greek civilization, beginning around 480 BC and lasting until around 323 BC. More broadly, the civilizations of ancient Greece and ancient Rome, and the centuries during which they flourished.

Sunken Relief

outlines are carved deep into the surface, and figures are modeled within them, from the surface down

jacques-louis david

paintings that extolling the antique virtues of stoicism, masculinity, and patriotism.

Isometric perspective

parallel lines rather than converging lines like linear perspective.

Reliquaries

richly decorated vessels containing relics

Condottieri

self-made men, generals who organized armies and fought for any city-state willing to pay.

Ziggurat

temple or shrine raised on a monumental stepped base

mosaics

tesserae, or individual tiles, often colorful and with gold-leaf.

Transept

the arm of a cruciform church perpendicular to the nave. The transept often marks the beginning of the apse

the middle ages

the name given to the period in Europe between the defeat of the last Western Roman Emperor in 476 and the beginnings of the Renaissance - 15th century.

Carolingian

the period in medieval European history dominated by the Frankish rulers of the Carolingian dynasty, roughly 750-850 CE. In art, the term refers especially to the artistic flowering sponsored by Charlemagne.

Apse

the semicircular, protruding niche at one or both ends of the nave of a Roman basilica. In basilica-based church architecture, an apse houses the altar and may be elongated to include a choir

Clerestory

the topmost part of a wall, extending above flanking elements such as aisles, and set with windows to admit light. In a basilica or church, the clerestory is the topmost zone of the nave.

Leonardo da Vinci • Michelangelo • Raphael

three major artists of the high renaissance

Amphora

used for storage These heroes are relaxed and enjoying a game.

Neoclassical artists

worked in a variety of individual styles, but in general, like any art labeled classical, Neoclassical art emphasized order, clarity, and restraint.

Transformation of European Culture

• Cartography - earth's curvature • Printing Press - publications and translations • Travel - artists are international • Reformation - Protestants challenge the papacy

Donatello:

• marble, wood and bronze sculptor • Used human body as framework of art

The High Middle Ages: Gothic

Characterized by: - Intricate decorative detail - Higher and pointed peaks - Ribbed vaulting - Flying buttresses - Stained glass windows

Greek Column Orders

Column - shaft, capital and base. Entablature - post and lintel Pediment

figures and settings of increased naturalism

Duccio and Giotto were two artists whose innovations in ________ greatly influenced Renaissance painting styles.