art final chapter guide

What are the definitions and differences between texture and pattern?

Texture refers to the tactile quality of the surface of an art object while pattern is a repeated design

Can linear movement in a painting have an emotional effect? Give some examples.

yes - starry night

Compare geometric and organic shapes.

Geometric shapes such as circles, triangles or squares have perfect, uniform measurements and don't often appear in nature. Organic shapes are associated with things from the natural world, like plants and animals. The circles and squares that make up this sculpture are geometric shapes.

Abstract art

art that does not attempt to represent external reality, but seeks to achieve its effect using shapes, forms, colors, and textures.

What is the difference between shape and mass? What about figure and ground, or positive shapes and negative shapes?

Shape is a two dimensional area with identifiable boundaries. Mass is a three-dimensional solid with identifiable boundaries. Volume may be synonymous with mass except that volume can also refer to a void as in an empty enclosed space. Figure-ground organization is a type of perceptual grouping which is a vital necessity for recognizing objects through vision. In Gestalt psychology it is known as identifying a figure from the background. For example, you see words on a printed paper as the "figure" and the white sheet as the "background".Positive shapes occupy positive space. The area around positive shapes, the background, is negative space.

. What are the different types of balance? How do artists decide if a composition is balanced?

symmetrical, asymmetrical and radial; by looking at it

Define photojournalism.

the art or practice of communicating news by photographs, especially in magazines.

What factors make a painting valuable in different ways to different people?

the value seems to lie in the connection that the painting allows us to feel with the artist,We value not only art but also artists. We are interested in their lives.Money, of course, is one way too - limited number (and there will be no more.) -purpose for or of it

What is the primary characteristic of watercolor?

transparency

What are implied lines? How can they have an effect on how we view a piece of art?

used to define space, contours, and outlines or suggest mass and volume. It maybe a continuous mark made on a surface with a pointed edge tool or implied by the edge of shapes and forms. -can create the sense of depth or shawdows

Name the most common drawing medium.

with a pencil and paper, however the wide and varied use of materials applied can be graphite, fusain, pastel, and ink among other things

What are the thematic categories of artwork?

* The Sacred Realm -People throughout history have turned to world we can't see except through faith, sacred realm of spirit. Many works of arch have been created to provide setting rituals of worships and prayer rituals that formalize contact between earthly and divine realms * Politics and the Social Order Perspective of artist changed profoundly. Artist was now free to make art that took sides in current issues. Many artists working in tradition. Fine art fields of painting and sculpture believed that art should have nothing to do with politics. However, other artists believed that making political and social statements is important. During 80's many artists began to work with photographic images with critical standpoint. * Stories and Histories For subject matter especially stories. Re-contextualize is part into a new time and place * The Here and Now Artists represent aspects of their daily lives through their artwork * The Human Experience Artists represent aspects of their personal cultural experiences through their artwork * Invention and Fantasy Compos consisting of 3 panels side by side, hinged in such way that outer 2 panels close like shutters over central panel * Art and Nature Nature and our relationship to it are themes that have often been addressed through art. -During 19 century, many painters set out to record Americans landscape. -Chinese landscape painting constructed imaginary landscapes for viewers to wander through in the mind's eye * Art and Art Its an activity we have come to pursue for its own sake. It can be its own theme with no other purpose than to give visual pleasure or to pose another? "What is Art?"

How do artists use the principle of emphasis and subordination?

-Subordination is defined as minimizing or toning down other compositional elements in order to bring attention to the focal point. -Emphasis is defined as an area or object within the artwork that draws attention and becomes a focal point

. 1,What are the ideas behind linear perspective? 2.What are the differences between one point and two point perspective? 3.What is the difference between bird's eye, worm's eye and eye level point of view?

1.to create depth and volume on a flat surface by means of lines converging at a point or points on a horizon 2.One point and two point perspective differs on their positioning. One point perspective has one vanishing point example is a drawing of a road. Two point perspectives have two vanishing points on the horizon, generally one left and one right example is drawing of a building. 3.Bird's eye shot or bird's-eye view shots are taken directly above the scene to establish the landscape and the actors relationship to it. Worm's-eye view is a shot that is looking up from the ground, and is meant to give the viewer the feeling that they are looking up at the character from way below and it is meant to show the view that a child or a pet would have. Eye level point of view is the angle between the camera and the subject. This is the most common view, being the real-world angle that we are all used to.

What is pigment?

A substance used as coloring. Dry coloring matter, usually an insoluble powder to be mixed with water, oil, or another base to produce paint and similar products. A substance that produces a characteristic color in tissue.

What are unity and variety, and why are both important in art? Can unity be conceptual as well as visual?

An artwork has unity by the way the bits and pieces in a work of art hangs and goes together..or "the whole is greater than the sum of it's parts". Variety is the use of different elements in the artwork. The difference between a professional look and an amateurish piece is often the artistic choices you've made about values and unity. Variety creates excitment. Art that has too much variety is "busy" and confused. Too much unity is boring. The artist's job is to find that perfect balance between the two. YES

some of the qualities that can make art "great."

Beauty → what you like, you do or you dont Skill → compare the works to other art you've seen in that medium before, look at all the artwork on display by the artist, look at each work of art itself, inherent meaning→ Art is powerful, not just for its beauty or the talent needed for its creation, but because it can cause emotion, make political statements, or challenge preconceived ideas. Uniqueness → Good art either explores new subjects, or old subjects in a way that hasn't been done before. and fulfilled intent→ If you're at a gallery, read the artist statement. Many artists just want to accurately portray a subject, or to express an emotion.Some aspects of art that are generally appealing to people are: 1. Repeating shapes, patterns, and symmetry. 2. Colors, especially colors that complement or enhance each other. 3. Textures, both visual and physical (like thick, impasto paint). 4. Crops and compositions that focus the eye and keep the viewers' attention. 5. Movement or flow to guide viewers through the art. 6. Correct or appealing proportions of figures and objects. 7. Presentation and framing.

4. Explain the historical developments of the words art, fine art, and craft - are they the same?

Beginning around 1500, during the period known as the Renaissance, painting, sculpture, and architecture came to be thought of as more elevated forms of art, but it was not until the 18th century that the division became formalized. It was then, during the period we know as the Enlightenment, that philosophers grouped painting, sculpture, and architecture together with music and poetry as the fine arts on the principle that they were similar kinds of activities—activities that required not just skill but also genius and imagination, and whose results gave pleasure as opposed to being useful. As the 19th century began, the word "fine" tended to drop away, leaving only art, often capitalized to distinguish it from earlier uses and underscore its new prestige. During the Middle Ages, the formative period of European culture, art was used in roughly the same sense as craft.

What do artists do?

Create places for some human purpose - buildings, memorials, Stonehenge Create extra-ordinary versions of ordinary objects - make beautiful things that become more than utilitarian objects Record and commemorate events - especially important before cameras + film give tangible form to the unknown - portray what can only be imagined Give tangible form to feelings and ideas - way to express yourself Refresh our vision and help us see the world in new ways

Nonrepresentational art

Nonrepresentational art refers to compositions which do not rely on representation or mimesis to any extent. Abstract art, nonfigurative art, nonobjective art, and nonrepresentational art are related terms that indicate a departure from reality in the depiction of imagery in art.

How can colors play tricks on our eyes? In addition to optical effects of color, are there emotional effects of color?

Optical Illusions: When the Eye and Brain Don't Agree -yes, Warm colors - such as red, yellow and orange - can spark a variety of emotions ranging from comfort and warmth to hostility and anger. Cool colors - such as green, blue and purple - often spark feelings of calmness as well as sadness.

What are some ways to uncover the meaning of a work of art?

Rather than a definitive meaning that can be found once and for all, art inspires interpretations that are many and changeable. One brief definition of art, in fact, is "embodied meaning." -read the paper next to the artwork -talk to the artist himself - get more info on it, do somer research -the 8 themes

No society that we know of has lived without some form of art. What characteristics of human nature result in the impulse to create art?

The desire to construct meaningful images + forms, create order and structure, also to explore aesthetic possibilities of material.

What are the nature, meaning, and importance of "creativity?"

The text says that the exact nature of creativity is not exactly known, but lists traits that are common to creative people. Artists do not have the only profession that requires creativity; people in all lines of work - doctors, teachers, scientists - can benefit from creativity. (Even Albert Einstein said that imagination is more important than knowledge.) Sometimes, artists ask the viewer to use their own imagination in order to make the artwork complete, the point of work is to bring up ideas and associations in the viewer's mind.

What are the ways to suggest depth when working in two-dimensions?

The tools for creating illusions of three dimensional space are overlapping, changing size and placement, linear perspective, relative hue and value, and atmospheric perspective

What are the vocabulary terms and concepts of color theory?

This is an Italian term which literally means 'light-dark'. In paintings the description refers to clear tonal contrasts which are often used to suggest the volume and modelling of the subjects depicted. Artists who are famed for the use of chiaroscuro include Leonardo da Vinci and Caravaggio

How are time and motion related to art? Give some examples of how some artists have dealt with the element of time and motion in their art.

Time and motion are closely related principles. Any word or image that moves functions both spatially and temporally. Motion is a kind of change, and change takes place in time.

What is the element of art called value? What is chiaroscuro?

Value The lightness or darkness of tones or colors. White is the lightest value; black is the darkest. The value halfway between these extremes is called middle gray. Space An element of art by which positive and negative areas are defined or a sense of depth achieved in a work of art

What are the rudimentary reasons for studying art and art history?

We can learn about other cultures, past and present. It is especially useful in studying past cultures where not much is left besides art. We also can train ourselves to be visually aware, to notice more and analyze what we see. The key to looking at art is learning to be aware of the process of looking itself - to notice details and visual relationships, and explore feelings and associations that arise.

Discuss the difference between a liquid medium and a dry medium.

dry-Pigments are mixed together with a binder that will hold them together (Metalpoint,chalk, graphite, charcoal, and pastel). liquid-Pigments are suspended into liquid binders (Ink, wash).

What is a non aqueous medium?

ex: oil paint dissolves in something other than water

What is the relationship between content and form?

form and content are considered distinct aspects of a work of art. The term form refers to the work's style, techniques and media used, and how the elements of design are implemented. Content, on the other hand, refers to a work's essence, or what is being depicted.

How can lines be expressive? What are some other functions of line?

function of the line in art is to create a basic motion of the image, to map out the general position of the figure and to create the shapes that comprise the image. Expressive lines refer to curved marks that increase the sense of dynamism of a work of art. The outline or contour lines create a border or path around the edge of a shape, thereby outlining and defining it. "Cross contour lines" delineate differences in the features of a surface.

What is the difference between a logo and an illustration?

logo--> a symbol or other design adopted by an organization to identify its products, uniform, vehicles, etc An illustration is a decoration, interpretation or visual explanation of a text, concept or process, designed for integration in published media, such as posters, flyers, magazines, books, teaching materials, animations, video games and films

Representational art, or figurative art,

references objects or events in the real world.. Even representational work is abstracted to some degree; entirely realistic art is elusive.