Art History Ch 12 Questions

Pilgrimage

The Romanesque period is called, "The age of __________________."

groin vault

The intersection of two barrel vaults creates which of the following?

By covering the nave with groin vaults

A more complex and efficient type of vaulting was needed that would admit light and at the same time be aesthetically pleasing. Which of the following systems would allow this adoption?

pilgrims

Among the saved in Gislebertus's Last Judgment are people carrying bags adorned with a shell and a cross. These figures represent ____.

Crusades

Between 1095 and 1190, Christians launched three great __________________ ("taking the cross") from France. They were mass armed pilgrimages whose stated purpose was to wrest the Christian shrines of the Holy Land from Muslim control

tympanum

During the Romanesque period the vision of Christ's Second Coming was often depicted on which of the following?

her vision of divine order

Hildegard of Bingen's Scivias records ________.

True

In the Romanesque age, immense churches with stone vaults rose throughout Europe, didactic relief sculptures adorned church portals and cloisters, and the relics of saints were housed in gold and silver and enamel reliquaries.

Cult of the Saints

One of the key factors that motivated the production of art during the Romanesque period was the _________________.

sculptural decoration

One of the most obvious differences between Cistercian churches such as Notre-Dame at Fontenay and other Romanesques churches is the absence of ____.

distracted the viewer from reading and prayer.

One of the primary reasons that Bernard of Clairvaux criticized the profusion of sculptural decoration in the Romanesque cloister was because it ____.

relics

Pilgrims often journeyed to churches to view ____, which were the material remains of holy figures.

images of the world's heathens

Reflecting Christ's mission to the Apostles, depicted in the lintel and tympanum compartments at Vézelay are ____.

It depicted an actual event in full detail shortly after it occurred.

The Bayeux Tapestry is unique in Romanesque art. Which of the following supports this claim?

Bernard of Clairvaux

The Cistercian monk who criticized the elaborate sculptural decoration in cloisters was ____.

Bishop Odo

The Norman defeat of the Anglo-Saxons at the Battle of Hastings in 1066 united all of England and most of France under one rule. The battle leading to this momentous occasion was the topic for the Bayeux Tapestry. Who commissioned this work?

cloister

The ____ is the covered courtyard in a monastery where monks and nuns prayed and meditated in quiet seclusion.

tympanum

The ____ is the semi-circular are above the lintel of a Romanesque portal.

Cistercian

The ____ order split from the Cluniac order to follow the rules of St. Benedict more strictly.

Gislebertus

The depiction of the Last Judgment on the west tympanum of Saint-Lazare, Autun, France, is unique and a rarity for the period because the artist ______________________ has signed his work.

an allegory of the struggle of monks against the devil for the salvation of souls

The depiction of the battle between the knight and the dragons from the Moralia in Job was viewed by the clergy as ____.

Cluniac

The monks of the ____ order were one of the primary patrons of Romanesque sculpture.

tomb of the Apostle James at Santiago de Compostela

The most venerated pilgrimage shrine in the West, outside Rome or Jerusalem, was the ____.

Barrel-vaults exerted great outward thrust making a clerestory difficult to construct

The one important requirement often missing from these church interiors is light. Which of the following did not allow for interior lighting?

to seek salvation or a cure

The primary motivation for undertaking a pilgrimage, which was extremely dangerous and could often last a year, was ____.

all of the above

The proliferation of stone sculpture in the Romanesque period may be attributed to the ________.

groin and barrel vaults

The term Roman-like was adopted to describe the architecture of the Romanesque period, because it relied on elements of Roman architecture such as ____.

Romanesque

The term _________________________ (meaning "Roman-like") is used to designate a period lasting approximately 150 years, from 1050 to 1200, when buildings incorporated certain architectural elements that resemble ancient Roman architecture. While mural painting and manuscript illumination continued much as before, there is a resurgence of monumental stone sculpture.

trumeau

What is the central supporting post in a Romanesque church portal?

Cistercians

What monastic order rejected the rich profusion of Romanesque decoration?

It was meant to instill fear in sinners and call them into the church

What purpose did Gislebertus's image of the Last Judgment on the portal of Saint-Lazare serve?

all of the above

Which increased dramatically in the 11th century Europe as a result of the veneration of relics?

reliquary

Which is the term for the container which holds bodies of saints, parts of bodies, or things once owned by saints?

Pilgrimages

__________________ were the primary economic and conceptual catalyst for Romanesque art and architecture.

Hildegard of Bingen

__________________was known as the "Sybil of the Rhine", and produced major works of theology, musicology, and visionary writings