Art History Final (Chapters 19-24)

Georges Seurat differed from the Impressionist painters in which of the following ways?

His disciplined and painstaking application of the color theories of men like Delacroix, Helmholtz, and Chevreul

What message is portrayed in Edward Hopper's Nighthawks?

The pervasive loneliness of modern humans

The orb and the cross surmounting Bernini's Baldacchino symbolize ____.

the Church's triumph

Poussin was responsible for establishing ____ as a key component of 17th-century French art.

Classical painting

The Roman Catholic response to the Reformation was formulated at which of the following?

Council of Trent

The leading figure of the Realist movement was ____.

Courbet

Which of the following artists explored the properties of light, plane, and color and their interrelationships?

Cézanne

Jacques Louis David painted the ____ to provide inspiration and encouragement to revolutionary forces.

Death of Marat

Which of the following works demonstrates the Futurists' interest in motion?

Dynamism of a Dog on a Leash

A major force of political, social, and economic change in the 18th century was the ____.

Enlightenment

Her work is often described as autobiographical because of her unflinching self-portrait portrayals. She gives the viewer a personal glimpse into herself and suffering. Which of the following artists does this describe?

Frida Kahlo

Who among the following artists liked to paint images of the Romantic transcendental landscape?

Friedrich

Thomas Jefferson's redesign of Monticello was influenced by ____ and the Chiswick House?

Palladio's Villa Rotonda

The dominant figure of the Fauves, ____, believed that color should play a role in conveying meaning.

Henri Matisse

____ was one of the first Romantic artists to depict the dark terrain of the subconscious.

Henry Fuseli

The influence of ____ is evident in Rodin's interest in the effect of light on the sculpted surface.

Impressionism

Antonio Gaudi longed to create an architectural style that was both modern and appropriate for his native country of Spain. How does Casa Milá represent his ability to conceive a building as a whole and mold it almost as a sculptor would create a figure from clay?

It is a free-form mass wrapped around a street corner.

The artist whose work best spoke for the French Revolution was which of the following?

Jacques-Louis David

Cassatt's style of work owes much to which of the following?

Japanese prints

Impressionist artists, including Degas, greatly admired the spatial organization and flat, unmodeled color areas of ____.

Japanese woodblock prints

In London at the age of 25, Christopher Wren was appointed to which of the following positions?

Professor of astronomy

Poussin chose to emulate the artist ____ rather than depicting dynamic movement and intense emotions.

Raphael

The American artist Thomas Eakins may have modeled the The Gross Clinic on ____.

Rembrandt's "Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp"

The aim of much Italian Baroque art was to restore the predominance of ____.

Roman Catholicism

Although François Rude's sculptures La Marseillaise for the Arc de Triomphe are neoclassical in style, the dramatic motion made it typical of ____.

Romanticism

Described as awe mixed with terror, the notion of the sublime influenced ____.

Romanticism

Why did Judith Leyster appear as elegantly attired, rather than in an artist's smock as Rembrandt did, in her own Self-Portrait?

She wanted to indicate her social prominence.

In the Triumph of the Barberini by Pietro da Cortona, the papal tiara and keys announce the accomplishments of ____.

Urban VIII

Winslow Homer's Veteran in a New Field is a commentary on the aftermath of the ____.

civil war

Friedrich's painting Abbey in the Oak Forest is quiet and meditative, and includes many symbols of _______.

death

The French viewing public were greatly horrified by Manet's Olympia because of her ____.

defiant look

Antoine Watteau's depiction of the amusements and entertainments of the upper classes is called a ____.

fête galante

Bernini's statue of David differed from his predecessors by showing David ____.

in the moment of combat

Rembrandt's mature works, such as the Return of the Prodigal Son, differ from the religious art of Italy and Flanders in their ______________.

inward-turning contemplation

Caravaggio's Calling of Saint Matthew is representative of his mature work in which he injects ____ into the depictions of sacred subjects.

naturalism

In the absence of a contrived pose, Vigée-Lebrun's Self-Portrait characterized the new ____ in art.

naturalistic impulse

Henry Fuseli tried to evoke horror and possibly the dark terrain of the human ________ in his artwork.

subconscious

The artist Delaunay shared with Futurism a fascination with ____.

technological innovation

Napoleon converted La Madeleine in Paris from a church into a ____.

temple of glory for his armies

Géricault's Raft of the Medusa immortalized ____.

the aftermath of a French shipwreck

In contrast to artists of the French Academy, the Impressionists attempted to capture ____.

the fleeting aspects of reality

Timothy O'Sullivan's photography aimed to impress on people ____.

the high cost of war

The real subject of Monet's Rouen Cathedral is ____.

the sunlight of the portal

The ____ of Francesco Borromini's architecture, visible in the facade of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, opposed ancient ideas about architecture.

undulating motion and enhanced three-dimensional effect

Which of the following architects conceived the building as a whole and molded it almost as a clay sculpture?

Antonio Gaudi

In Klimt's The Kiss, the patterning has clear ties to the ____ movement.

Art Nouveau

____ was the most renowned female painter of the 17th century.

Artemisia Gentileschi

Members of the ____ movement dedicated themselves to making functional objects with a high aesthetic value.

Arts and Crafts

The creation of which of the following allowed merchant firms to hold money on account instead of carrying precious metals as a form of payment for trade goods?

Bank of Amsterdam

Napoleon's favorite sculptor was _____.

Canova

Sargent's technique of applying paint in thin layers was influenced by ____.

Las Meninas

____ is sometimes described as the first modern architect.

Louis Henry Sullivan

The influence of ____ is evident in Rubens's heroic figures and foreshortened anatomy in his Elevation of the Cross.

Michelangelo

Exposure to the art treasures of Italy on the Grand Tour played a major role in the rise of ____.

Neoclassicism

The new junctions and boulevards of Paris are celebrated in the painting _______________.

Paris: A Rainy Day

In Synthetic Cubist works, such as ____, artists constructed paintings and drawings from objects and shapes cut from paper or other materials.

Still-Life with Chair-Caning

____ artists disdained Realism as trivial.

Symbolist

Thomas Hart Benton, a Regionalist artist, focused his attention on which of the following subjects?

The social history of Missouri

The American leader ____ embraced Neoclassicism because of its associations with important virtues such as morality, idealism, and patriotism.

Thomas Jefferson

Although ____ painted familiar Impressionist subjects, his exaggeration of each element created a new tone.

Toulouse-Lautrec

Who said: "Instead of trying to reproduce exactly what I have before my eyes, I use color more arbitrarily so as to express myself forcibly. . . . I have tried to express the terrible passions of humanity by means of red and green. . . ."?

Van Gogh

____ is a Dutch artist who featured as the subject of his art neat interiors of Dutch middle-class dwellings.

Vermeer

A leading advocate of the Enlightenment in France was which of the following?

Voltaire

In the artist's eyes, Fate of the Animals was almost a premonition of which historical event?

World War I

Courbet's use of ____ in the The Stone Breakers further conveyed the dismal nature of manual labor?

a palette of dirty browns and grays

Degas' paintings of _________ show unstable postures and random cropping of figures.

ballerinas

The American movement known initially as the Eight and then as the Ash Can School focused on the ____.

bleak and seedy aspects of city life

Art historians believe that Vermeer used tools, such as the ____, to aid in his virtuoso depiction of light.

camera obscura

Pope Paul V converted Saint Peter's from a central-plan church into a basilican-plan church because ____.

central-plan buildings evoked pagan temples

The Spanish painter Velásquez held the titles of first painter to the king and ____.

chief steward of the palace

Constable's Haywain avoids the ____, which was a characteristic of the agrarian working class.

civil unrest

In Rossetti's Beata Beatrix, the artist incorporated a ____ to commemorate his wife's death.

poppy

In Pilgrimage to Cythera, by Watteau, the elegant and sweet ____ are hallmarks of the artist's style.

poses of the figures

Muybridge used a ____ to project his sequence of images onto a screen.

praxiscope

Dorothea Lange's photograph of a migrant worker caused people to ____.

rush food to hungry workers

In Jan Steen's The Feast of Saint Nicolas, he alluded to ____ by using children's activities to comment on adult behavior.

selfishness

In light of the 1848 revolution, Salon jurors considered Courbet's depiction of the rural poor in The Stone Breakers as ____.

socialistic

In Night Café the artist has communicated the "madness" of the place by selecting and juxtaposing ____.

vivid hues whose juxtaposition augmented their intensity

Although Morisot's interest in leisure activities aligned with the Impressionists, her paintings are inhabited by ____.

women and children

Mary Cassatt's subjects were principally

women and children