Art history Final
T.J. Clark's idea of "the spectacle"
"They were developed first in the mid-1960s as part of the theoretical work of a group called the Situationist International, and they represent an effort to theorize the implications for capitalist society of the progressive shift within production towards the provision of consumer goods and services, and the accompanying 'colonialization of everyday life.' "
Baudelaire's thesis regarding "general" and "particular" beauty
"particular beauty, the beauty of circumstances and the sketch of manners."
the flâneur
"the painter of the passing moment and of all the suggestions of eternity it contains."
Claude Monet, Boulevard des Capucines, 1872
-"Monet's Boulevard des Capucines, exhibited in the 1874 [Impressionist] exhibition, for example, does not simply offer a passive viewing experience in which an instantaneous impression is served up finished to the spectator....Low down around the tree trunks appear numerous horizontal marks of silvery gray pigment. These marks at once indicate the roofs of carriages seen through the leafless branches and trunks, and appear to hover suspended on this side of the trees, owing to the way in which they frequently run across the trunks. -Such ambiguities, rather than being failures in the image, are in fact the very entry points for the perception of the beholder, the teasing limnal regions that call upon the beholder to take up the transcribed perception and to explore its ambiguities, just as if they were encountered in real perception, like squinting to make out the lineaments of a fog enshrouded boulevard or pausing to gain one's bearings in a steam- and smoke-filled train station.
Art Nouveau (a.k.a. Jugendstil)
-"new art" -architecture being based on nature
Jean-Léon Gérôme, The Snake Charmer, c. 1879
-orientalism egyptian stone floor from a kyro mosque in egypt. sexual erotic and exoticness
Édouard Manet, Olympia, 1863
-Her hand is flexed unshamedly over her croch - large amounts of light and shadowing adding to this painting -hand well rendered, very awkward, seen like a frog in the painting -very sexual -hand is noticed to be very detailed but other details are absent such as her nipples and belly button -shows us the wrong sorts of signifiers -Nude women seen in modern art
Gustave Caillebotte, Rainy Day, 1877
-Impressionist -brought a different momentality an compositional control to the impressionist work -new boulevards that were changing Paris city scope -it is almost like a dream coming to reality on canvas after much construction -with its curiously detached figures the canvas depicts the anonimity that the boulevards seemed to create
Georges Seurat, Sunday Afternoon on the Island of the Grande Jatte, 1884-1886
-Seurat depicted people relaxing in a suburban park on an island in Seine River called La Grande Jatte -Seurat began in 1884 w/ a layer of small horizontal brushstrokes of complementary colors. He then added small dots that appear as solid & luminous forms when seen from a distance (Pointilism) highly systematic & "scientific" technique. -embroad subject matter of modern life preferred by artists Monet & Renoir -he went beyond their concern for capturing the accidental & instantaneous qualities of light in nature.
Georges Seurat, Sunday Afternoon on the Island of the Grande Jatte, 1886
-Seurat depicted people relaxing in a suburban park on an island in the Seine River called La Grande Jatte -Seurat began in 1884 with a layer of small horizontal brushstrokes of complementary colors. He then added small dors that appear as solid and luminous forms when seen from a distance. (pointilism) highly systematic and "scientific" technique -embraced subject matter of modern life perferred by artists Monet and Renoir -He went beyond their concern for capturing the accidental and instantaneous qualities of light in nature.
Impressionism
-Style of art using light and light-filled colors to produce an "impression" -1873 a group of artists that came together to found a club that was a joint stock venture anyone who contributed some money could become apart of this club and exhibit their work 30 artists at first exhibition in April 1874 Critic came : Louis Leroy said these aren't paintings they are just impressions, or sketch , looking unfinished
Cloisonnism
-The name evokes the technique of cloisonné, where wires (cloisons or "compartments") are soldered to the body of the piece, filled with powdered glass, and then fired. Many of the same painters also described their works as Synthetism, a closely related movement. - gold wire and put glass in-between and put it in a kiln and they create intense colors for places and vases and what not.
Orientalism
-style, artefacts, or traits considered characteristic of the peoples and cultures of Asia. -refers not just to Asia but the middle east, egypt, and through north africa
Modernism
-a form of art that replaces the destabilization of modernity David- Marat at his last breath 1793: man stabbed in the bath tub painting as an object interacting with the viewer, conscious of its status as a painting Gustave Courbet, The Stonebreakers, 1849 -instead of painting kings and queens painting peasants breaking stones -hard workers -wont show us their faces -two figures represent all men -identified with the peasant or the laborer Clade Monet, The Poplars 1891 -Some look at modernism starting around 1900 Picasso, Le Demoiselles D'Avignon 1907
Paul Gauguin, Vision After the Sermon, 1888
-displays the biblical passage about Jacob wrestling with the angel. Wrestled all night until sunrise & angel gave up and blessed Jacob -Shows struggle against a red feverish background/ sky -women in background just came from a sermon (different POVs) -depicts what people are seeing in their minds eye after they have heard the story -He used strong colors almost without gradients, controversy to what had been the tradition since the Renaissance (naturalism)
Modernization
-things having to do with technology and infrastructure -rationalization -urbanization - people moving to the cities -industrialization- idea of things being made in factories and at a larger scale -implicit ideas of how things should be
Carlo Carra, Interventionist Demonstration, 1914
-this piece sits on the edge of what abstraction is non naturalistic anamanapea words that dont mean anything recreate acoustic dynamic appearance of being in war trying to depict a protest that was happening WWI was beginning to break out
Claude Monet, Impression, Sunrise, 1872
-was exhibited at the first impressionist exhibition in 1874 -recognisable individuation of the brush strokes on the surface of the canvas -Monet's primary goal was to capture the "impression" of the sun rise over the docks, yet also places emphasis on accurately depicting his own sensations -Abandoned smooth, expected finish, by contemporary academic painting and allowed individual brushstrokes to remain visible on surface of canvas
Hector Guimard, Paris Metro entrances (Paris, France), 1900-1912
41 separate entrances to metrostops in Paris 80 exist today fanciful look many different separate models Mass producing his architectural work Guimard style
Gesamtkunstwerk
A Gesamtkunstwerk (German: [gəˈzamtˌkʊnstvɛʁk], translated as "total work of art", "ideal work of art", "universal artwork", "synthesis of the arts", "comprehensive artwork", "all-embracing art form" or "total artwork") is a work of art that makes use of all or many art forms or strives to do so.
Baudelaire's definition of modernity (from The Painter of Modern Life)
By 'modernity' I mean the ephemeral, the fugitive, the contingent, the half of art whose other half is the eternal and immutable...This transitory, fugitive element, whose metamorphoses are so rapid, must on no account be despised or dispensed with. By neglecting it, you cannot fail to tumble into the abyss of an abstract and indeterminate beauty, like that of the time the first woman before the fall of man."
Paul Cézanne, Uncle Dominique, 1866
Cezanne- curviness of rosy cheeks is a curvy brush stoke materiality—>distraction—>abstraction
Claude Cahun, Self-Portait as Madamoiselle X, 1930
Claude Cahun- Portraits off Madamoiselle X She played with gender and kind of had been portrayed as both
Hector Guimard, Hôtel Guimard (Paris, France), 1909
Dining room nothing standardized everything made to order
Félix Gonzales-Torres, Untitled (Portrait of Ross in L.A.), 1991
Felix Gonzalez Torez - cuban american conceptual artist- Untitled Ross his lover dies of losing a lot of weights due to Aids he took the weight of his lover at the time that the candy would equal the same weight as his lover if viewers come take some candy the museum should replace it so the work will always represent his body
Vincent van Gogh, The Potato Eaters, 1885
G's realist stage wanted to live like a peasant though they were innately connected to the earth planted food with same hands they ate it with darker vibe faces look like they are part of the earth
Claude Monet, The Woman with the Green Dress, 1866
Impressionist -Claude Monet's painting, Woman in the Green Dress, is a full-length portrait of his nineteen year old mistress, and later to be first wife, Camille Doncieux. -Monet is best known for his Impressionist style, however, Woman in the Green Dress was a study in Realism with dark colors, a deep background and much detail and attention given to the fashionable green dress worn by the young Camille. Before becoming an Impressionist painter his early years as an artist were filled with portraits created in the Realist style.
Paul Cézanne, Still Life with Basket and Fruit, 1893
It was the very fact that still life was so neglected that seems to have attracted Cézanne to it. So outmoded was the iconography (symbolic forms and references) in still life that this rather hopeless subject was freed of virtually all convention. Here was a subject that offered extraordinary freedom, a blank slate that gave Cézanne the opportunity to invent meaning unfettered by tradition. And Cézanne would almost single-handedly revive the subject of still life making it an important subject for Picasso, Matisse, and others in the 20th century.
F.T. Marinetti, cover to Zang Tumb Tumb, 1914
Marinetti- got into a bad car accident he thought it was cool enlisted fishermen to fish car out of ditch he crashed in was very expensive anamotapea
Postimpressionism
Post-Impressionism encompasses a wide range of distinct artistic styles that all share the common motivation of responding to the opticality of the Impressionist movement. The stylistic variations assembled under the general banner of Post-Impressionism range from the scientifically oriented Neo-Impressionism of Georges Seurat to the lush Symbolism of Paul Gauguin, but all concentrated on the subjective vision of the artist.
Vladimir Tatlin, Corner Counter Relief, 1915
Selection of matierias-fram of relief becomes a framework of highlighting using a few different materials imagine roughness and craziness wouldn't be something nice to look at Berlin Dada's Photo montage allows people to communicate with the world berlin dada didnt have a performance tactic to get to flat print of paper you needed to use materials to make it
Georges Seurat, Models, 1886-1888
Seurat began in 1884 w/ a layer of small horizontal brushstrokes of complementary colors. He then added small dots that appear as solid & luminous forms when seen from a distance (Pointilism) highly systematic & "scientific" technique. -embroad subject matter of modern life preferred by artists Monet & Renoir -he went beyond their concern for capturing the accidental & instantaneous qualities of light in nature. -Seurat depicted people relaxing in a suburban park on an island in Seine River called La Grande Jatte
Synthetism
Synthetist artists aimed to synthesize three features: The outward appearance of natural forms. The artist's feelings about their subject. The purity of the aesthetic considerations of line, colour and form.
The Arts and Crafts movement (William Morris)
The Arts and Crafts movement was an international movement in the decorative and fine arts that began in Britain and flourished in Europe and North America between 1880 and 1910,[1] emerging in Japan in the 1920s. It stood for traditional craftsmanship using simple forms, and often used medieval, romantic, or folk styles of decoration. It advocated economic and social reform and was essentially anti-industrial.[2][3][4] It had a strong influence on the arts in Europe until it was displaced by Modernism in the 1930s,[5] and its influence continued among craft makers, designers, and town planners long afterwards.
Marcel Duchamp, Fountain, 1917
The original, which is lost, consisted of a standard urinal, usually presented on its back for exhibition purposes rather than upright, and was signed and dated 'R. Mutt 1917'. Tate's work is a 1964 replica and is made from glazed earthenware painted to resemble the original porcelain. The signature is reproduced in black paint. Fountain has been seen as a quintessential example, along with Duchamp's Bottle Rack 1914, of what he called a 'readymade', an ordinary manufactured object designated by the artist as a work of art (and, in Duchamp's case, interpreted in some way).
Marcel Duchamp, Nude Descending a Staircase No. 2, 1912
The picture's outrageousness surely lay in its seemingly mechanical portrayal of a subject at once so sensual and time-honored. The Nude's destiny as a symbol also stemmed from its remarkable aggregation of avant-garde concerns: the birth of cinema; the Cubists' fracturing of form; the Futurists' depiction of movement; t
Hausmannization
Urbanization -Haussman tried to make Paris more organized (city) -he constructed grand blvds that stretched for great lengths -Haussmannization -better way to get waste water out and fresh water in , to be more healthier -in Paris 1 in 5 people were construction building bridges, plating trees, building sewers, widening streets -Cleared out catacombs to improve sewage Nadar, Views of the Sewers and Catacombs -people were so interested in changes, put a mannequin -created cohesive look in the city -people began traveling and shipping goods -economically increased -people began to move more -Haussmann wanted to prevent another wave of revolution -if you have disorganized city people and control parts of it Barracades, Paris Commune, 1871 -Haussmannizafion was an anti barricade measure Boulevard des Italians, 1872
Victor Horta, House of the People (Brussels, Belgium), 1896-8
building on an incline socialist party had idea to make the house address the worker, the everyday person Horta wanted to bring light and air into the space workers often lives near sewers and places with little ventilation or light greenhouse like design
Claude Cahun, Self-Portraits, 1929, 1932
a woman androgynous dress and elf presentation people thought she was a man she identified as a flamboyant lesbian shaved head dried green or pink part of french resistance of nazi's (very dangerous) engages in a trans presentation here she looks masculine
Pablo Picasso, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, 1907
berian statue "African phase" african faces how eyes are drawn cyphillis back then would deform face he was very scared of the disease all the women having deformed faces can mean he is trying to portray them as having cyphillis as if it is the women's fault instead of it being wrong going to brothels
Paul Cézanne, Still Life with Plaster Cupid, 1895
confusion edge of onion lines up perfectly with the edge of the table odd
Roger Fry
core member of the bloomsbury group- group of artists (painters, other artists, people come together) in 1910 curated Manet and the Post-impressionists (London, 1910) needed to come up with a rubric coined Post Impressionism category included - neo impressionists: Cezanne, Mattise, van Gogh, Picasso when he first made this no one was considered post impressionists yet one of the reasons PI stuck is bc of the way Fry described it Fry would be described as a formalist- attention paid to form instead of content (the way the apples are painted, the rhythm) Fry wasn't interested to how people responded to industrialization, Haussmanization, or primitivism He just cared about the art
Haussmannization and the banlieue
creation of suburbs in new Paris
Pablo Picasso, Three Women, 1908
cubism withput context it would be hard to see whats going on here reducing vocabulary to triangles and shapes - essence of cubism cubism first started with just cubes not too much later we see cubism that has nothing to do with cubes
Erich Heckel, Day of Glass, 1913
day of glass apart of nature and wanderer over nature (dominance) male vs female woman is naked mother nature mans world feminine ideal of nature german romantic ethic in both images (look that up)
Scopophilia
desire to watch/view
Pablo Picasso, Houses on the Hill, Horta de Ebro, 1909
different points of view in angles of houses shadows table line doesn't connect in his picture like Cezanne
Henry van de Velde, poster advertising Tropon Biscuits, 1898
energy cookie like luna bar nutrition cover gives off energy through wrapper
Kelmscott Press, Works of Geoffrey Chaucer, 1896
esigned on type face minted their own lead source and used it in book the rest of the work is built around the font elaborate not something for the common person this was for something with A LOT of money
Gerrit Rietveld, Schroeder House, 1924
everything is designed to be as efficient as possible in worker house things have no real purpose on schroder house in 20s people wanted lots of light and air in house why does the wall of balcony extend downward its literally for design why does yellow pole extend upward above roof
Paul Gauguin, Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going?, 1897-8
fantasy dreaming swimming and immersed in the world becomes one with everything through oceanic state
Mary Cassatt, At the Opera, 1880
female artist women in pic has more of a dominant role man looking at her from across the room she isn't paying attention to her likely a woman who's husband passed away has agency power and wisdom to get back on the market
Adolf Ziegler, The Four Elements, before 1937
fire wind, water, earth model female that people should try to attain by playing on four elements the fecundity of the earth as a child bearing form perfect human standard that people should aspire of gender and race for males
Édouard Manet, The World Exposition of 1867, 1867
getting a sense, as paris was transforming that everything had a refined look but losing its image and reality quick fleeting brush work, fugitive see a series of types of people like when walking past people down the street in an urban area people are a blur Nadar's balloon in the corner being watched through binoculars there was nothing real in paris anymore everyone was just out in their outfits playing a role in the scene compared to impressionists not an impressionist on another level
Man Ray, The Woman, 1920
had a fantastic way of using the camera to make sculture suttle play on light and materials come together as art egg beater symmetry is anthropomorphic (looks like a human being) that this egg beater is a woman not a person but a woman suggests that gender is always in flux can be seen as "Man" and it being testicles instead I could call my name Frank and be a Man its like as if man ray were in 2017
Paul Cézanne, Mont Saint Victoire, 1895
he would stay for days in the nature he felt that he needed to germinate in nature he allowes the world to develop how it all falls apart passage^
Alexandro Bruschetti, Fascist Synthesis, 1935
how nation comes together around technology, readiness for war, and muslin steadfast appeal to the land and nature nature comes back into play
Meret Oppenheim, Fur Cup (Breakfast in Fur), 1936
imagining warm fluid over bits of fur going into your mouth cup is a hollow a vag symbol with spoon as penis symbol this could be a hint of oral sex
Mary Cassatt, The Loge, 1880
in an awkard middle position young girls dont even know how to position themselves yet
Paul Cézanne, Still Life with Ginger Pot, 1893-1894
jars and vases and table lines dont add up looks like its in motion Passage- structure of what is being painted dissolving in the paint itself, distractions in a painting
John Heartfield and George Grosz, The Middle-Class Philistine John Heartfield Gone Wild (Electro- Mechanical Tatlin Sculpture), 1920
kind of mannequin soldiers body that becomes non functional integration of technology and human bodies in the crotch of the figure there is a pair of dentures inpetence- or a reference to castration anxiety subverting idea of maile power augmented mannequin claiming a subversive form of female power Vagina ventata movie called "Teeth"- female power that replaces male power
Auguste Renoir, The Loge, 1874
male artist woman more passive in pic corsage draws attention her cleavage man in the back made up to look good
Pablo Picasso, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, 1907
many sketches of body parts and ppl naked in a room one squatting brothel scene prostitute house
Fortunato Depero, Train Born of the Sun, 1924
much more whimsical than Severini nature and the past became apart of fetishization of technology
Georges Braque, Violin and Pitcher, 1909-1910
nail in top of picture casting a shadow typography
Umberto Boccioni, Unique Forms of Continuity in Space, 1912
officer on horseback bumped off and hit his head and died in 1914
Claude Cahun, Self-Portrait as Doll, 1929
on the other hand portrays herself as a doll she says she has masks on top of masks there was no gender identity at her core it was a matter of constantly shifting between categories
Raoul Hausmann, Mechanical Head (The Spirit of Our Times), late 1920
part of a camera, collpsable cup (the way our mind works), type writer barrel, a ruler and tape measure, wallet (man always thinking about money) all attached to a mannequin head how these objects limit our knowledge of the world such as watches
Gerrit Rietveld, Rietveld Chair (various finishes), 1918-1923
there is no clarity of design whole thing is allowed to be complicated this would be unacceptable by rodchenko
Emil Nolde, Pentecost, 1909
pieces of the holy spirit above people people speaking in tongues direct contact with holy spirit inspires them to make noises looking at the viewer welcoming them to religious experience Nolde believed there was fake religion people not really believing even though they attend church
Erich Heckel, Two Resting Women, 1909 (multiple versions)
print as a way to resistribute a painting here its a variation bridge rejected mechanical production such as photography and modern life trying to make us more like machines there is no standard one can rely on.
Vincent van Gogh, Portrait of Pere Tanguy, 1887-1888
prints as window into another world As if he can possess
the courtisane in nineteenth-century Paris
prostitute
Jacob Epstein, The Rock Drill, 1913-1915
rather phalic fantasy of an exaggerated masculinity hardened both through sexual potency and through war
Aleksandr Rodchenko, Pure Color: Pure Red Color, Pure Yellow Color, Pure Blue Color, 1921
reducing painting to primary colors there doesn't need to be anymore painting \ eisel art- it just sits around somewhere and doesn't interact directly with the world rather than addressing the masses it was addressing a single bougousie person how could we move beyond art that is more individual and interacts with the masses of the world
Modernity
refers to the period of the modern -describes different tendencies -1789- when modernity took shape, beginning of decade of revolution and conflict in France and all across Europe -feudal revolutionaries/monarchs were taken down, producing a new era where bourgeoise (upper middle class people) had more power -economic order due to industrial revolution, steam power used to turn motors, powered looms to make cloth, production became mechanized , much more productive, this led to a social change, congregate in vast factory halls -when people started to mass together culture came about which produce art
Vladimir Tatlin, Monument to the Third International, 1920
representing the collective the first monument without a beard he attempted to make the work active something you could stand inside and work inside a third as big as the riffle tower it would have dominated skyline it was a piece od architecture that was impossible to build anywhere the cube would be in motion rotating making one revolution every year - congress would be there president would be in the triangle radio would be in the cylinder propaganda of russian in semi circle in circle represents how different parts of the state are rotating at different times/speed each part rotating at different rates he made a wood 20 ft tall model it was brought on tour from St. Pertersburg to Moscow
Édouard Manet, A Bar at the Folies-Bergère, 1882
represents the busy interior of ne of the most prominent music halls and caberets of Paris, the Folies- Bergere. -the establishment was described as a place where people came to enjoy themselves. Also place to pick up prostitutes -while the party was in motion we see a shift in perspective to the barmaid who is detached from party scene and marooned behind the bar -doesn't seem like she wants to be there -low cut dress- women representation in Modern Art
Philip Webb, Sussex Chair, c. 1860 (produced by Morris & Co. 1870-1890)
seat is made of rushes: softer than a plank of wood weaving of the rushes: requires a specialist, a wood turner a work that involves a workshop cant be mass produced in a factory social relationship- people coming together to make something in comparison to the alienation of working in a factory to professor, chair seems neither old fashioned or weird
Paul Cézanne, Jas de Bouffan, 1885-1887
second more solidity choppy, different angles a sense of things not quite fitting together tough to see structure different phases of the building not looking like they fit together reversal of perspective? weird angle? Passage- structure of what is being painted dissolving in the paint itself, distractions in a painting the estate where he grew up next year 1877 took part in impressionism movement people didn't like his work he couldn't take the pressure so he moved way out of Paris and the country just to work on art
Henry van de Velde, interior of Havana Tobacco store (Berlin, Germany), 1899
selling papers something no one needs but everyone wants experience of smoking as a natural thing from the plants, shells, wall painting becomes an abstract symbol for smoke something fashionable and naturalized
Meret Oppenheim, My Nurse, 1936
sexual fetish- the tendency of men that out too much desire into something (for example: foot fetish) possible foot fetishism in this painting or the shoe fetishism was a way of life
Claude Cahun, Shop Window With Shoes, 1936
shoes with gigantic heels
Pablo Picasso, Ma Jolie, 1911-1912
signifies ma jolie- my sweet love interests instruments used to symbolize female shapes and fertility Eva Gouel- his gf?
Primitivism
stereotypical depiction of native people.
Vincent van Gogh, Mulberry Tree, 1889
takes a step towards abstraction depiction of a tree moves away from anything we would possibly see we see him taking liberties with this piece (Mulberry Tree) impasto- globs of paint, adds texture and materiality
Pablo Picasso, Portrait of Daniel Henri Kahnweiler, 1910
testing boundaries of visual representation investigate experiementlly to what degree to we see set forms, things being the way they are supposed to be seen or is it a kind of vocabulary System of relationships to create meanings gives us things that don't mean anything art as a context
Man Ray, Hat, 1933
the hat looks like a vaginal symbol it looks like vertical opening this is a subversive way to think of a hat in this way bc hats are masculine the hat makes the man in 1920s and 30s
Symbolism
the use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities Something that represents something else An object represents an idea; wedding ring
Emil Nolde, Dance Around the Golden Calf, 1910
trope of painting a lot of nude women together female bodies presented for male viewers moses goes to the mountain to get stone tablets with the ten commandments moses comes back and people betrayed him isrealites were celebrating
Man Ray, Anatomies, c. 1930
two different time of anatomies at once woman experiencing a possible sexual orgasm is also displayed as a penis gender without category Not total fluidity but two categories that are switching between each other lol
Alexandr Rodchenko, design for workers' club, 1925
union hall workers would go when work is done and on weekends recreation when people were done with work people just drank this was tying to go against that people would hear speeches and talks, read etc.
Florence Henri, Self-Portrait, 1928
uses them as signifiers of subjectivity rather than objectivity Henri was a woman and a lesbian had a short hair cut which was with but against idea of real woman wasn't worried about the idea of being beautiful frames herslef in a frame that looks like a phalice, like a penis identification of masculinity or asserting masculine power calling out Bau Hauss photography for sexism few Bau Hauss women artists who rose to greatness greatness was brought around opportunities more toward men at the time
El Lissitzky, Beat the Whites with the Red Wedge , 1920
wanted people to be on the communist side of revolution red is communist , sharp, dynamic, penetrating everything against them
Bruno Taut, Glass Pavillion (Cologne, Germany), 1914
weird pointy dome we find this in a lot of gothic architecture allowed architects to build buildings much higher than before.
Raoul Hausmann, Self-Portrait of the Dadasoph, 1920
what he called himself in January 1919 there was a last attempt by communist to bring leftist regime to germany cuts out pieces of catalog of mechanical parts created crazy machinic head combo of biological and the mechanical brain as a machine functional through disfunction the stuff that painting is made out japanese handlaid paper work in taters on purpose
August Endell, Atelier Elvira (Munich, Germany), 1896-8
when he was up and coming it would have looked incredibly fashionable stairway looking like roots of trees wrapping and sprouting from stairs imaginative using natural light all these different natural forms
Vincent van Gogh, The Outskirts of Paris, 1886
while paris is being rebuilt lamp post only remaining Hausmannization paris being expanded at this time not old lamp post it is a new one Haussman prepared banriue through incentives promised cheap coal, built infrastructure (gas lamp) in flux in time in a place where industry will eventually be does not show the city of Paris only outskirts
Constantin Guys, Meeting at the Park, 1860
women glancing over shoulder prostitution as an open secret at the time are these women engaging in interesting behavior women portrayed as suspicious men had luxury of not worrying about being questioned about what they were doing sexism, male priv sees women as source of beauty women as objects to be looked at impressionist
Marcel Duchamp, Three Standard Stoppages, 1913
wood thats been cut in a certain pattern yard stick rough there is a sort of mediation and representation of the artist takes laws of chance and puts it with essence of the grid
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Bathers Throwing Reeds, 1909
woodblock print part of reform movement trying to undo alienation of modern life Reform House we can find ways through the earth through nature liberate humanity nudity is significant important reform movement known as Free body culture nudity is a way of unconstraning yourself from your clothing needing sunlight to be happy savage in foreign country? one dimension of it, aligning themselves with thought of Ferdinand Tonnies idea that society is a hierarchy composed from the outside alienating us from one another, from our bodies, and everything we are supposed to do as people emphasized community saw it as natural and important in picture there is a communal spirit