Art History II Exam I
Which city derived its wealth from the wool trade and then expanded into banking?
Bruges
The development of linear perspective is generally credited to ____.
Brunelleschi
The first known northern European self-portrait by a woman is purportedly by which of the following?
Caterina van Hemessen
____ took a fundamental step forward in his representation of Saint Mark by the contrapposto pose.
Donatello
The Hundred Years War primarily involved which two kingdoms?
England and France
What does the fountain created by Claus Sluter for the cloister of Chartreuse de Champmol symbolize?
Everlasting life
Who commissioned the Tempietto?
Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain
In the 15th century, the dukes of Burgundy wielded power over which of the following counties?
Flanders
In 1305, the College of Cardinals elected a pope from which of the following countries?
France
Which of the following artists specialized in images of the Madonna and Child?
Hans Memling
The Nuremberg Chronicle is a tribute to the new craft of the printed illustrated book. What was the content of the Nuremberg Chronicle?
It was the history of the world.
The monumental composition and sculpturesque form in Hans Holbein's The French Ambassadors reflects the influence of ____.
Italian art
____ created the first known Western portrait where the sitter looks directly at the viewer.
Jan van Eyck
Attributes of El Greco's style, such as elongated figures in an undefined space, are often characterized as ____.
Mannerist
The facial types, beards, and coiffures of ____ figures reveal the influence of classical relief sculpture.
Nicola Pisano's
In the Creation of Adam, Michelangelo fashioned the conception of God after ____.
Olympian deities
The dome Bramante designed for Saint Peter's in Rome would have resembled which of the following?
Pantheon, Rome
Which art form grew in popularity partially because of its ability to memorialize the sitter?
Portraiture
The major center for artistic development in the High Renaissance was ____.
Rome
____ was the Dominican monk who denounced the secular humanism of the Medici and others.
Savonarola
What element of Veit Stoss's style recalled the design principles of Late Gothic architecture?
Sharp forms that dart in a flamelike fashion
What did the humanist cult of fame emphasize?
The importance of creative individuals
After Bellini's death in 1516, ____ became the official painter of the Republic of Venice.
Titian
Inspiration for the form of Claus Sluter's Well of Moses may have come from ____.
mystery plays
In contrast to other monastic orders, the ____ lived and preached in urban environments.
Mendicant
Which artists's assertion of his authority anticipated modern concepts of the artist?
Michelangelo
____ influenced Raphael's perspective system in his Marriage of the Virgin.
Perugino
During the second half of the 16th century, ____ controlled the Netherlands.
Philip II
Which artist that did a series of six paintings showing seasonal changes?
Pieter Bruegel
Which of the following artists traveled to Italy yet chose not to incorporate classical elements into his work?
Pieter Bruegel
____ was the leading Roman painter at the end of the 13th century.
Pietro Cavallini
Which city was at its height of political and economic power when it employed the talents of the sculptor Nicola Pisano?
Pisa
Which of the following cities established itself as a major shipping power?
Pisa
By placing figures on a triangular base, ____ departed from the convention of frontality.
Pollaiuolo
El Escorial is in which country?
Spain
Paul III convened the Council of Trent in 1545. It was part of which of the following?
The Counter-Reformation
Albrecht Altdorfer derived his landscape depiction in the Battle of Issus from ____.
a map in the Nuremberg Chronicle
In 1401, Ghiberti's entry won the competition for the design of the baptistery doors for the Florence Cathedral partially based stylistically on its ____.
a new spatial illusionism
The term Accadian landscape, as seen in Bellini's Feast of the Gods, refers to ____.
an idyllic place
In El Greco's View of Toledo, the artist departed from Renaissance painters by not painting ____.
buildings in detail
In Dürer's Melencolia I, the ____ is an optimistic note suggesting that the artist can overcome depression.
burst of light on the horizon
In his diary Albrecht Dürer described Joachim Patinir as a good ____.
landscape artist
Confraternities are ____ who dedicated themselves to strict religious observance.
laypeople
The imagery of the Triumph of Death served as a warning against ____.
lust and greed
In his representation of Pope Leo X, Raphael did not portray him as head of state, but rather as a ____.
man of learning and a collector
In Dürer's print of the Fall of Man, the idealization of Adam and Eve is tempered by the ____ of the background.
naturalism
In Ghiberti's Isaac and His Sons, the artist's study of ancient art is especially apparent in the ____.
figure of Rebecca
One of Giotto's innovations that moved away from the Italo-Byzantine style was the introduction of ____.
figures seen from the back
In Money-Changer and His Wife by Quentin Massys, the artist warns that ____ are a distraction from religious life.
financial transactions
The ____ of Duccio's figures from the Maestà was/were derived from Byzantine art.
formality and symmetry
The frontality, stiff poses, and lack of modeling as seen in Berlinghieri's Saint Francis Altarpiece reveals the ____ roots of his style.
fundamentally medieval
Nanni di Banco achieved a unified spatial composition by placing the figures ____ and in relation to one another.
in a semicircle
Employed by Ghiberti on his Gates of Paradise, presenting several episodes ______ was a medieval narrative method.
in a single frame
Simone Martini's rendition of Annunciation may have been inspired by ____.
the etiquette of chivalric courts
Andrea Pisano's south doors for Florence's baptistery were commissioned by ____.
the guild of wool importers
The depiction of different months from ____ influenced Bruegel's Hunters in the Snow.
Books of Hours
Bruegel's Netherlandish Proverbs is reminiscent of the topsy-turvy scenes by ____.
Bosch
One of the most important trading cities of 15th-century Netherlands was ____.
Bruges
Historian Giovanni Villani wrote in the 14th century that this city was "the daughter and creature of Rome," suggesting a preeminence inherited from the Roman Empire. Which of the following city-states does this phrase describe?
Florence
In the 16th century, Spain supported which of the following?
Interests of the Catholic Church
Which of the following made up the territory known as the Netherlands in the 16th century?
Luxembourg, Holland, and Belgium
The personal tastes of the court of Francis I ran to the elegant, erotic, and unorthodox. Which of the following styles would most appeal to this king and his court?
Mannerism
____ was the style that appealed to the French king, Francis I, because of its elegant, erotic, and unorthodox features.
Mannerism
Leonardo's use of light and dark in the Madonna of the Rocks built on the work of the artist ____.
Masaccio
Often synonymous with the Renaissance, the ____ were great art patrons.
Medici family
The traditional interpretation of the meaning of Michelangelo's tombs for the Medici as the soul's ascent was influenced by ____.
Neoplatanism
Reflecting the influence of ____, Raphael included his portrait in the reflection in his painting of Pope Leo X.
Netherlandish art
In Perugino's Christ Delivering the Keys of the Kingdom to Saint Peter, the artist has reminded the viewer of the link among Constantine, Saint Peter, and the basilica of Saint Peter. Which of the following is the vehicle used as that reminder?
The triumphal arches in the background
Elements of Giotto's new style that appear in the Madonna Enthroned include ____.
statuesque figures that cast shadows
The Battle of Issus may be a reference to the contemporary ____.
struggle against the Turks
Which of the following architects wrote influential treatises on painting and architecture?
Alberti
Who created Knight, Death, and the Devil?
Albrecht Dürer
In Leonardo's Last Supper, how did the artist break with traditional iconography?
By the placement of Judas on the same side as Christ and the other disciples
Which of the following was Philip the Bold of Burgundy's grandest artistic enterprise?
Chartreuse de Champmol
Which of the following was a dynastic symbol of Burgundian power?
Chartreuse de Champmol
The artist of the Assumption in Parma's Cathedral, ____ greatest contribution was illusionistic ceiling perspective paintings.
Correggio's
____ are portraits of individuals that accompany religious scenes and became very popular in the 15th century.
Donor portraits
Which artist served as the dean of the painters' guild of Ghent and worked for Tommaso Portinari?
Hugo van der Goes
Although women had many limitations as artists, ____ demonstrated the important role women played as art patrons.
Isabella d'Este
Which of the following was the mother church for the Jesuits in Rome?
Il Gesù
____ was the most influential church building in the later cinquecento.
Il Gesù
In Masaccio's Trinity there is a coffered barrel-vault reminiscent of which of the following?
A Roman triumphal arch
Which of the following would support the argument that the Well of Moses created by Claus Sluter did not actually spout water?
Carthusian commitment to silence would preclude any sound-making device.
The Roman fresco tradition can best be seen in the work of which of the following artists?
Cavallini
The 15th-century Italian artist whose work showed the most influence of the International style was ____.
Gentile da Fabriano
Which of the following artists actively collected Classical sculpture?
Ghiberti
Which of the following artists was the winner of the famous competition for the bronze doors of the Florence baptistery?
Ghiberti
Who was the noble patron who commissioned Les Très Riches Heures?
Jean, Duke of Berry
____ was one of the first Renaissance buildings conceived as a central-plan structure.
Pazzi Chapel
____, Philosophy (School of Athens), Stanza della Segnatura, Apostolic palace, Vatican City, Rome, Italy, 1509-1511.
Raphael
In Leonardo's Last Supper, the curved pediment above the head of Christ represents which of the following?
A halo
The following phrase from Revelations, "pure river of water of life, clear as crystal, proceeding out of the throne of God and of the Lamb," is depicted in which of the following?
Altar of the Lamb from the Ghent Altarpiece
Which of the following is one of the most important cities of the 16th-century Netherlands?
Antwerp
In Masaccio's Trinity the vanishing point can be found at which of the following?
At the foot of the cross
____ contributed to the decentralization of religious practice.
Books of Hours
In Leonardo's Last Supper, the numerous preparatory sketches and studies he made for the work indicate how carefully he thought about this work as a complete entity representing the entire story and its theme. Based on this which of the following would describe Leonardo's conceptualization of the figures from his Last Supper?
Each figure was individualized.
Which Italian city played the most important role in the development of Renaissance ideas and art forms in the early 15th century?
Florence
Which of the following was the Dominican painter-friar who combined elements of the new style of art with traditional religious devotional works that did not conflict with the content of the works?
Fra Angelico
Which two entities divided the Burgundian territories after the death of Charles the Bold?
France and the Holy Roman Empire
In the 16th-century power was focused on the king. This monarch made a concerted effort to elevate his country's cultural profile by inviting esteemed Italian artists to his court. Who was this monarch?
Francis I
A familiar feature in French Gothic art, the loosely curved folds of the female saints in Duccio's Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saints (Maestà) is a feature of ____ art.
French Gothic
In contrast to his father, Giovanni Pisano worked in a style derived from ____.
French Gothic art
Whose work is best characterized by the use of solid volumes resting firmly on the flat and horizontal surface of this earth?
Giotto
____ sought to reconcile the illusion of a weighty three-dimensional body and the illusion of space to contain it.
Giotto
In Riemenschneider's Assumption of the Virgin, the artist successfully incorporated which of the following elements?
Gothic intricacy
In the ____, a band of Calvinists destroyed art works in Catholic churches in the Netherlands.
Great Iconoclasm
The robust and monumental figures of the Virgin and Child in Leonardo's Madonna and Child with Saint Anne and the Infant Saint John are reminiscent of ____.
Greek pedimental sculpture
Which of the following artists excelled in portraiture?
Hans Holbein
In Raphael's Stanza della Segnatura, he reconciled the philosophies and teachings of Plato and Aristotle. Which of the following have also been reconciled?
Humanism and Christianity
The Protestant concern about the role of religious imagery was in many cases outright hostile. Martin Luther spoke about destroying images. This destruction of religious imagery also occurred during the Byzantine period. Which of the following defines this act?
Iconoclasm
In Masaccio's Trinity he embodies two principal Renaissance interests. One is realism based on observation. Which of the following is the other?
It is the application of the new science of perspective.
In Masaccio's Expulsion of Adam and Eve from Eden, Adam's feet clearly come into contact with the ground. Which of the following is the interpretation for this?
It marks the human presence on earth.
The illusionism found in French manuscript was influenced by contact with ____.
Italy
The miniature portrait of Elizabeth I shows an elegant, formally attired young Elizabeth presented as a princess. Who is the artist who created this memorable portrait?
Levina Teerlinc
Author of the Commentaries, ____ is considered the first Renaissance art historian.
Lorenzo Ghiberti
The German artist who was dubbed with the title "painter of the Reformation" is ____.
Lucas Cranach the Elder
Which of the following cities was considered the rightful capital of the Roman Catholic Church?
Rome
In Martin Schongauer's engraving, he created distinctions of tonal values and textures. He distinguished between skin and cloth, feather and fur. Which of the following is the title of Martin Schongauer's engraving?
Saint Anthony Tormented by Demons
Which of the following accounts for the decline in the role Florence played in the support of the arts at the end of the 15th century?
Savonarola's brief span of power
Which of the following artists was most interested in depicting the human body in violent action?
Signorelli
The artist ____ was instrumental in creating the International Gothic style.
Simone Martini
Which of the following describes the style of Fra Angelico?
Simple and direct
What anamorphic symbol appears in Holbein's The French Ambassadors?
Skull
The Sistine ceiling represents which of the following themes?
The chronology of Christianity
Jan van Eyck's Giovanni Arnolfini and His Wife contains many symbols. Which of the following is an allusion to fidelity?
The dog
Ghiberti's competitive panel for the baptistery doors of the Florence Cathedral shows classical references that reflect influences of humanism. Which of the following is a classical reference seen on Ghiberti's panel?
The naked figure of Isaac
How did Masaccio create a sense of bulk for his figures in the Tribute Money?
Through modeling with a specific light source outside the picture
Who was the Venetian painter who created dynamic compositions, often by means of swirling clouds and fitful light?
Tintoretto
The duke of Mantua commissioned the frescoes of the Camera degli Sposi from Mantegna for which of the following purposes?
To glorify himself and his family
Although tied to International Gothic style conventions, among the naturalistic details found in the Adoration of the Magi are ____.
animals seen from a variety of angles and convincing foreshortening
Commissioned by the Sienese government, Ambrogio Lorenzetti's frescoes for the Palazzo Pubblico address the ____.
civic concerns of the Sienese
Titian's Meeting of Bacchus and Ariadne was most likely inspired by ____.
classical art
By ____ Donatello revolutionized relief sculpture in his image of Saint George and the Dragon.
creating an atmospheric effect using incised lines
The setting for Pietro Lorenzetti's Birth of the Virgin, which was a ____, represented an advance in worldly realism.
detailed interior of an upper-class house
Saints Anthony and Sebastian appear in Grünewald's Isenheim Altarpiece because of their association with ____.
disease and miraculous cures
The ____ were the most powerful northern European rulers during much of the 15th century.
dukes of Burgundy
In the treatment of space and narrative, Ghiberti's Isaac and his Sons recall ____.
painting techniques
A great achievement of the Les Très Riches Heures was that it made manuscripts more closely resemble ____.
panel paintings
Visible in his David, rather than concentrating his efforts on ideal beauty, the artist Michelangelo focused on ____.
pent-up emotion
In Pieter Aertsen's Butcher's Stall, the ____ is associated with a degenerate life.
people eating and carousing
Titian's altarpiece, the Madonna of the Pesaro Family, differed from High Renaissance compositions in central Italy in the ____.
placement of the figures on a steep diagonal
In the calendar pages of Les Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry, scenes of courtly life alternate with ____.
seasonal tasks
By including ____ Hugo van der Goes revived medieval pictorial devices.
small background scenes and a varied scale of figures
The most devastating natural disaster in Europe that broke out in the 1340s was ____.
the Black Death
Enhancing its meaning, the Portinari Altarpiece contains small scenes, such as ____, in the background.
the arrival of the magi
In his Self-Portrait, Durer's hand position may be a reference to ____.
the artist's hand as a creative instrument
The Italian admiration for classical art resurfaced at ____.
the court of Frederick II
Michelangelo deviated from earlier representations of David in his rendition by portraying ____.
the encounter before the battle
Which of the following is a medieval element depicted on the pulpit for the baptistery of Pisa Cathedral?
trefoil (triple-curved) arches
Michelangelo went beyond self-contained statues in his David by ____.
turning his head
In his Assumption of the Virgin, Titian used ____ to create intensity and drama.
vibrant color
The cleaning of Michelangelo's Sistine ceiling initially shocked art historians because it revealed ____.
vivid colors
Jean Clouet presented Francis I as a ____.
worldly leader
