ARTH 137GA Final - Identifiers
Berlin Schauspielhaus (Opera House), Berlin, by Schinkel (1818-1821) (left) Schinkel's 1813 project; (middle) Langhan's Schauspielhaus before fire; (right) Schinkel's executed design - Langhans's building (the original Berlin Schauspielhaus) burned down - Shinkel's replacement Schauspielhaus is between the Gendarmenmarkt churches with the elongated domes - Reused the 6 columns that survived the fire; used on the new building - Schinkel designed the opera house into three seperate builings, so that if it caught fire again, it couldn't spread to another section of the building; all sealed off from each other - On the side of the building, there are various types of orders (colassal pilasters and regular pilasters); experimental - Suggests that the interior scale and exterior scale and combines and shown; Imagines a classicism that isn't connected to Roman or Greek orders; abstract/modern idea of classicism - Schinkel reconceptualized the urban theatre as a free-standing public monument that has a classical dress - Regenerating culture of Prussia; taking its rightful place alongside French & British culture - Building sits on a rusticated base - People who were of very high class entered under the building in their carriages - Standard breakdown of theaters at this time were very different from Schinkel's design - Theatre as the main aristocratic event; people appear to represent their status; world of seeing and being seen - Schinkel changed the orientation of Langhan's design; in Langhans design, the columns and pediment are not at the front of the building; "visible entrance" meant to look like the entrance for the sake of the square's aesthetic - Schinkel changed the orientation to make the entrance at the facade Consequence: he had a much shorter axis to fit everything than Langhans - Reioriented building to have visitor enter from the very long staircase up to a portico; sense of climbing - Similar to Humboldt's concept of Bildung, and Gilly's project for Friedrich the Great's monument → Climbing up to be rewarded with a view - Adapting to a less aristocratic world; the middle class has become more involved and more important part of society; rebuilding the theature to emulate this - Playing into Herder's belief that culture should be for the commonfolk rather than solely for aristocrats - The building is about heightening the theater of modern life; conveys a patriotic sense of Prussianess and the city
(3 stages)
(top) Seigestor, Luwigstrasser, Munich, commissioned by Lugwig I, by Gartner (1840-52) (bottom) Feldherrnhalle, Luwigstrasser, Munich, commissioned by Lugwig I, by Gartner (1837-44) - Seigestor - Triumphal arch; direct copy of the Arch of Constantine, Rome (14th century) - Political reference → The Arch of Constantine was built in Rome after the emperor Constantine converted to Christianity; regarded as having joined together church and state in Rome - By putting a copy of this in Munich, Ludwig is affirming his belief that the church and state should be united (throne and altar) - The inscription is not original; now speaks against war and for peace - Diametrically opposed to what the monument was originally meant to signify - Feldherrnhalle - Loggia - Monument to Bavarian commanders; military references - Almost a direct copy of the Loggia dei Lanzi, Florence which was understood in Germany as the starting point for the Rundbogenspeil (round arch style of architecture) → takes the arch as its primary principle Hubsch felt that this building was the perfect synthesis of Greek and Roman architecture - Reflects Ludwigs desire to make Munich into a new Florence, new Athens, or new Rome - Bringing Renaissance Florence to Munich; make himself into a modern-day Medici and his capital city into a modern-day Renaissance Florence - In Florence, the loggia is located next to the Palazzo Vecchio, which is the palace from which the ruling Medici family of Florence ruled from; the Feldherrnhalle is right next to the royal palace in Munich as well → implies that Ludwig is also like a latter day version of the Medici family - For the Loggia dei Lanzi is located in Florence right next to the Medici family palace - just as the Feldherrnhalle is located right next to Ludwig's Residenz palace.
two buildings
Max Joseph Institut (a girl's school) & Gregorianum (a seminary for Catholic priests), Ludwigstrasse, Munich, by Gartner - Rather than make the University, the Max Joseph Institut, and the Gregorianum all identical, Gärtner designed them all as slight variations on a theme, with the differences - bigger or smaller windows and so forth - as a reflection on the different characters appropriate to the functions of the institutions in question. - Makes up a square when positioned opposite the Ludwig-Maximillians-Universitat
two buildings opposite each other
