ARTH FINAL--photographers

Julia Margaret Cameron

given camera for bday and really took off with it. Stieglitz featured her in Camera Work. a. Example: Virginia woolfs mother portrait, or one of blurry girl on the right b. Style: randomly blurry pictures, "who is to say what the focus of an image should be", c. Subject: closely cropped portraits d. Printing process: wet collodion e. Time period: 1864-1875

John Szarkowski

was a photographer, curator, historian, and critic. From 1962 to 1991 Szarkowski was the Director of Photography at New York's Museum of Modern Art (MoMA). developed a reputation for being somewhat autocratic wrote the photographers eye

James Agee

writer who worked on Now Let Us Praise Famous Men with Evans

Hill and Adamson

Scotlands first photographic studio b. Style: used the calotype to get the softness, took portraits in everyday environment so it doesn't look so controlled, tried to capture genuinity as opposed to stiffness of daguerreotype, but lacks detail that dageurrotype c. Subject: portraits d. Printing process: calotype e. Time period: 1843-1848

Roger Fenton

early war photographer/photojournalist a. Example: traveling darkroom, 1855 b. Style: cumbersome technology so wasn't able to photograph much else but posed pictures. history of manipulation with this cannonball picture. c. Subject: photographed the Crimean war d. Printing process: wet plate collodoin e. Time period: 1850s.

Gonzalez

example: long fake picture of shanty houses in brazil visual: sky looks fake, houses look fake, bulging door.

Sergei Prokudin-Gorsky

first practitioner of color photography a. Example: guy sitting in chair colorful dress, water crazy color background b. Style: portraits c. Subject: documenting Russian empire d. Printing process: 3 color principle invented by james clerk maxwell—then printed on transparencies. e. Time period: 1909-1915 ish. Perhaps a little after

Holland Day

first to advocate photography as fine art (pictorialist movement) a. Example: jesus crucifixion, youth sitting on stone b. Style: strange erotic nude photos, crucifixion, his photographs allude to classical antiquity in manner, composition and often in theme. c. Subject: photography as fine art, people d. Printing process: platinum process, gum bichromate e. Time period: 1890s-1915 ish

Edward Steichen

Steichen was the most frequently featured photographer in Alfred Stieglitz' groundbreaking magazine Camera Work during its run from 1903 to 1917. designed cover of camera work. was scout for 291 stiegliz but then curator at MOMA style: pictorialist and did some commerical fashion work subject: nature, portraits, shapes process: autochrome, platinum, true color time period: early 20th centrury is when he would have been featured in camera work. project: Family Of Man--to show the equality of man. manifesto of peace. did family of man--called on submissions to express the fundamental equality of man. manifesto for peace. themes= birth, love, death, work. choreographed movement throughout the show, was a narrative that both frank and evans hated. nothing politically charged (although thats political), can seem naive today but his optimism is important too. all black and white same tonal range, homogonized look that served purpose well. except for giant picture of atomic bomb.

Paul Strand

Stieglitz and this guy changed style and strand was featured on cover--shapes and shadows. style: shapes/lines subject: structures, shadows process: platinum maybe autochrome time period: 20th century work--perhaps 1917 when last issue of camera work would have come out.

Alphonse Bertillon

a. Example: American and French man one b. Style: father of modern criminal identification, documenting features c. Subject: people's features all types d. Printing process: maybe wet plate e. Time period: 1880s-death in 1914

Nadar

a. Example: elevating photography to the height of art, portraits of people b. Style: caricature then portrait photography, was such a eccentric guy until he got behind the camera, was then so serious. No accessories, However, most importantly, he focused on his sitter's gestures and glances and never tried to make "flattering" images of them. c. Subject: people, aerial views d. Printing process: wet plate collodion (for aerial photos), e. Time period: 1854-60s

Southworth and Hawes

a. Example: glowing bust picture b. Style: portraits photography- tried to catch personality, like a classical glowing bust -- "interior shines forth and is visible in exterior". c. Subject: took images of Boston's Elite d. Printing process: daguerreotype e. Time period: 1843-1863

Samuel Fosso

a. Example: golf picture b. Style: obviously fake looking pictures to emphasize construction c. Subject: self portraits adopting a series of personas, often commenting on the history of Africa. is a Cameroonian photographer who has worked for most of his career in the Central African Republic. d. Printing process: autochrome? Color photography or black or white e. Time period: 90s/2000s

Stieglitz

a. Example: hand of man, Katherine Stieglitz, 5th avenue snow storm, paula, b. Style: pictorialist, said real art photography requires skill, training and artistic eye, made sure to distinguish himself via this. Complicated printing techniques c. Subject: lots of different things, mostly natural scenes in which he manipulates to get his desired effect d. Printing process: autochrome, photogravature, carbon prints, platinum process e. Time period: 1890s-1920 ish was the height. Did more until he in 1946

clarence white

a. Example: little girls ring toss b. Style: careful construction, softness but detailed—"pureness" where the subjects are just there but they aren't the point c. Subject: portrayed intimate atmosphere-- pictorial (manipulates aesthetic) photographs that captured the spirit and sentimentality of America in the early twentieth century. d. Printing process: platinum prints, similar looking to albumen or wet plate collodion, photogravure e. Career time period: 1898-1910 ish

Gertrude Kasbier

a. Example: mother and daughter church photo b. Style: soft pictorialist style (There is no standard definition of the term, but in general it refers to a style in which the photographer has somehow manipulated what would otherwise be a straightforward photograph as a means of "creating" an image rather than simply recording it.), labor in craft, carefully done. c. Subject: known for pictures of motherhood, also for native americans and for promoting women in the field of photography d. Printing process: platinum process, or gum bichromate e. Time period: height- 1898-1909

Francis Galton

founder of eugenics movement "see know classify", link between heredity traits and manipulating them to get what you want a. Example: composite portraits of scienfic men, or boston physcians b. Style: classifying c. Subject: composite of peoples faces d. Printing process: composite photography, probably wet plate collodoin e. Time period: 1870s-90s

William Henry Fox Talbot

a. Example: open door with broom, latticed window b. Style: also to show documenting qualities but also to show that we can express the world artistically how things have a softer more natural feel than the daguerreotype c. Subject: picturesque landscapes, man/nature getting along, made a lot of things with sun sprints and sunprints, would take mirrors and hold them up behind him and take pictures. d. Printing process: calotype (talbottype) and salted paper (invented) e. Time period: 1834, announced calotype in 1841 and he died in 1877

Atkins

a. Example: photographs of British Algae b. Style: no specific style c. Subject: plants d. Printing process: cyanotype e. Time period: 1843

Auguste Salzmann

a. Example: photos of jersusalem, boring side of a building b. Style: travel images, no scale, dark, emphasis on lines and diagonals, abstract, texture is key c. Subject: Jerusalem, middle eastern places d. Printing process: salted paper print e. Time period: 1850s-70s

Joseph Zealy

a. Example: slaves jack and delia b. Style: intimate portraits of slaves c. Subject: slaves d. Printing process: daguerrotype e. Time period: 1850s

William Mumler

a. Example: spirit photographs b. Style: spirit photography, bringing the unseen into photographs c. Subject: people d. Printing process: double exposures, albumen prints e. Time period: late 1860s, early 1870s

Le Grey

a. Example: the great wave b. Style: evocative and poetic effect c. Subject: ocean scenes and scenes that had skies d. Printing process: albumen with glass plate, wet plate collodion, combination printing e. Time period: 1850s he produced the great wave 1857

Francis Frith

a. Example: the one showing scale b. Style: travel poetry, satisfying images that you can see scale, trees c. Subject: middle eastern places d. Printing process: wet plate collodion e. Time period: 1850s and 60s.

Rejlander

a. Example: two ways of life, contempt b. Style: unconventional portraits or images, peoples mouths open? c. Subject: did some interesting and unconventional portraits, some nudes d. Printing process: albumen w/ glass negative, combination prints e. Time period: 1853 was his best photo

Niepce

a. Example: view from the window at le gras b. Style: -- c. Subject: -- d. Printing process: heliograph (pewter plate in camera obscura), first photo ever e. Time period: 1826/27

Mathew Brady

b. Style: elite portrait photography similar to southworth and hawes, had backdrops and props, owned huge studio. Photographer Andrew Jackson and john quincy adams among other celebrities. Also photographed the civil war. c. Subject: portraits d. Printing process: daguerreotype, lithograph e. Time period: 1844-55, opened his studio in 4

Man Ray

background: as an American visual artist who spent most of his career in France. He was a significant contributor to the Dada and Surrealist movements style: surrealism subject: objects/people process: photograms/rayographs (cameraless image) time period: 1920s example: Le Violon d'Ingres 1924

Walker Evans

background:andover/williams dropped out, tried to be writer, took up camera. first did street scenes then architecture. influenced by paul strand. documentary photographer, but not conventional. he didnt apply the name documentary to his work. "documentary-style"--he worked in shades of gray. criticized stieglitz for pure aestheticism. large cumbersome 8x10 camera. did contradicting/confusing images. style: "documentary-style" subject: hired in 1935 by FSA--his best work was mid 1930s. instructed to record the plight of the poor but he didnt like to follow rules or be contrained by striker. eventually was fired. tried to set himself apart from all photographers. did project in alabama with rural tenant families--project rejected because it showed their agency, later published. time period: 1930s example: cotton tenant farmers wife

Daguerre

championed by francois arago, as they wanted france to get the credit for this, and worked with niepce, who created the first heliograph, before his death. a. Example: parisian boulevard b. how: iodine sensitized silvered plate, developed via mercury vapor, placed into camera obscura. c. Subject: showed how photography can document and contribute to science. d. Printing process: daguerreotype e. Time period: 1829 (39 become public with daguerreotype) - 1851 (he died)

Henry Peach Robinson

goal was to seperate photography from science, and show it was an art a. Example: manipulated combination print of a sick girl, 1858 albumen print b. Style: pictorialist artist (an approach to photography that emphasizes beauty of subject matter, tonality, and composition rather than the documentation of reality.) which he actually coined. c. Subject: In his Pre-Raphaelite phase he attempted to realize moments of timeless significance in a "mediaeval" setting d. Printing process: albumen from glass negatives e. Time period: 1850s-70s, did fading away in 1858

Marey

invented chronophotography gun a. Example: birds in flight b. Style: pioneer in chronophotography, wanted to visualize movement and speed, as opposed to stopping it. Also used light to show speed c. Subject: moving people and things—blur shows speed d. Printing process: chronophotography, negatives printed on paper? e. Time period: 1880s and early 1890s.

doc Edgerton

invented electronic flash a. Example: milk drop coronet b. Style: using the strobe light to perfect stop motion photography. Was more of scientist but chose pictures for aesthetic. c. Subject: anything that moved d. Printing process: kallitype, which was in the iron-silver family e. Time period: 1930s-70s

Emerson

one of first pictorialist. promoted photography as an art form—But cameras transcription isn't just art either—did selective focus because want it to be just how the eye sees it, blur looks appealing and how the eye sees things. This is unlike people who document it. Fuzzo-o-graphs. a. Example: people at work photo b. Style: need to maintain integrity of the photograph, unlike people who manipulate heavily. c. Subject: photos with natural setting. Influenced by French painters who aimed to give truthful representations of rural life/labor. d. Printing process: platinum prints e. Time period: 1882-1895

Diane Arbus

style: "documentary-style". moves from commercial portraiture/street snapshots to individual portraiture. subject: would seek out individuals, portrays people as freaks with no compassion. even if they werent actually freaks she would portray them that way--without their knowledge of it. photographer/subject relationship. direct, personal encounter. time period: mid-late 1900s. maybe 1950-70s. example: jewish giant, mexican dwarf 1970 other: opposite of winnogrand: subject of the photograph was what was important. similar to evans: who who was also detached from his subjects, just as happy photographing a turnip--but he was commissioned and she wasnt! problematic.

El Lissitsky

style: Russian avant-garde artist El Lissitzky, made a career of utilizing art for social and political change. Although often highly abstract and theoretical, Lissitzky's work was able speak to the prevailing political discourse of his native Russia, and then the nascent Soviet Union. subject: shapes/collage like process: time period: early 1900s. example: the constructor, 1924

Edward Weston

style: all about form. was pictorialist until awakened to modernism. complete control with straight photography. used pre-visualization--said this is what seperates the elite photographer subject: anything super close up. peppers, bed plan, toilette. process: no snapshot. uses large cumbersome format camera, longer exposure time to get unbelievable detail. time period: 1910-1950 ish example: Pepper, 1930

Robert Demachy

style: all for pictorialism/photography that resembles painting. "TRANSLATE NOT TRANSCRIBE WORD FOR WORD" thats what art is, its subjective not objective. photography can be art when it overcomes the perfect transcription of reality, like he did with his photos. he defined straight print as literally not being touched, normal development, exposure time, etc. he said this can be beautiful, but it just cant be a work of art! process: gum biochromate time period: 1895 subject: nudes/biblical subjects could stand with slightly less manipulation

Rodchenko

style: art is opium because art lies. we need to take photos because those document, and are real and can become history! his vision: extreme angles (reconstructing society from a new perspective), focused/clean (stand in for masses of the proleteriate), Patriotic, looking toward the future, heroicize angles literally raises the common man above us. artist as engineeer and proleteriate as constructers of a new reality. subject: the common russian man time period: 1920s/30s example: pioneer girl other: leader of avant garde photography in Russia. he wanted photography to replace painting in documenting revolution. background: stalin hired rodchenko to document white sea canal building to confirm the hard work and something new thats going on in russia. BUT this was really one of stalins first gulags . Stalin strong backlash photos are ugly, unpleasant, too avant garde. no place in socialist society. by 1937 it was too dangeorus to too avant garde stuff. he stopped and switched to glorifying the russian body via social realism.

Andreas Gurksy

style: began as landscape photographer, now deadpan photography. particular above vantage point. bright colors. subject: to depict global economy process: bright, giant, digitally manipulated, large format camera (control, wide angle, lots of detail) time period: 1980s-2000s example: chicago stock market exchange other: struck by color at first but the you start to hone in on the details. like lanscape views of not nature, but similar sublime.

Mthewthwa

style: carefully let this man contruct his image any way he wants. opposite of arbus. sense of agency subjects: portraiture example: man sitting in his house early 2000s

charles sheeler

style: co-founder of modernism (traced back to the Industrial Revolution, 18th-19th century--rapid changes in manufacturing, transportation, and technology) subject: his subjects were generally material things such as machinery and structures. comissioned by ford to celebrate/document model T/factory/it being made. time period: late 1920s with ford, but did other things through the 1940s.

Albert Renger-Patzsch

style: combined natural world and man made world in "die welt is schon". new objectivity subject: nature/industry time period: 1928 example: Die welt ist schon, 1928 critique: is it really right to be reducing man and nature to the same form?

John Baldesarri

style: conceptual artist--"playful" pictures subject: skewering teachers of photography and making fun of critics who say this is how it has to be time period: 1960s/70s example: choosing grean beans: playing with the power of the artist to arbitrarily choose which one

Bechers

style: conceptual photography (artists role is no longer to produce objects of art, but visual concepts. any medium works, such as pop art.) subject: water towers, gas tanks. "taxonomy of post-industrial vernacular art" contemporary structures/architecture central subject, simple white background, like older long exposure pics. process: straightforward, takes up whole image, sculpture like time period: 1960s-2000s example: water towers other: like Sander: but with water towers--go out with plan and neutrally photograph these water towers. scientific approach like warhol: serialized grids similar to warhol but no hierarchy like weston: focsed on form like weston but different because not so close up or made to look like something it isnt. why are they so influential to modern photographers: you see similar structures but then you start to notice all the very little differences. testiment to human ingenuity--become what you want it to when you look at it. why is this conceptual: slippage between a photograph and trying to be sculptures.

maholy-nagy

style: constructivism/modernist. similar to lissitsky, art as labor to construct world anew. (constructivism: ought to abolish the traditional artistic concern with composition, and replace it with 'construction.' called for a careful technical analysis of modern materials in communist society) subject: people/society. he was radical, saying photography can replace all other arts and be the sole form of visual communication. strong advocate of the integration of technology and industry into the arts. time period: 1920s/30s example: siesta

Dorethea Lang

style: documentary subject: dramatize subjects but avoid ugly and uncomfortable subjects. show destitute places but the hope that lies within them, hope that this can change. exactly what striker wanted. went on to photograph Japanese internment camps. time period: 1920s-1940s example: Migrant mother image other: hired by striker. migrant mother not her usual--usually provides more sense of living conditions in work.

Gary Winogrand

style: documentary style like arbus--no longer subscribed to simple reductive view in family of man. all things are photographic", tons of images, small snapshot camera. taking pictures even when he doesnt seem to have subject. he just wants to see how things come out as a picture. OPPOSITE of revisualization. importance is in selection process. subject: all things. turned familiar things into complex/unsettling images process: snapshot time period: 1960s. example: Hard hat rally (2 centers, seemingly random composition but anything but), central park zoo, 1960s. other: featured in family of man interested in TV and its influence on Am. culture similar to walker evans and robert frank in terms of showing vs not showing. influenced by frank and evans--all shooting "america".

robert frank

style: documentary. tried to capture spirit of us just past WWII. show cross section of american culture. his hero/mentor was walker evans subject: American life. says he tries to do so clearly, but nothing clear about his images. they are very hard to decipher sometimes without easy narratives. process: snapshot time period: 1955 ish. Project/book: the americans: evans did intro but he didnt like it so got kerouac non narrative appraoch but they cohere it was controversial in other countries, they wanted hollywood not banality in america condemned for subject matter in america--a lot of division with class and race, injustice below the surface. other: hated life magaizine for images with easy narrative. shot from hit, 28k images, 83 for book. immersed himself in beat culture scene--group of artists that rejected materialism, experimented with psychadellic drugs, interested in sexual liberation

Robert Capa

style: early photojournalist/war photographer. "if photos arent good enough, youre not close enough". mix of drama/empathy subject: war process: up close and personal time period: WWII, 1930s-40s example: the falling soldier 1937 other: changed name and career took off. by 1938 was considered to be the greatest war photographer in the world puts diane arbus to shame as he was a real war photographer.

Cindy Sherman

style: exemplar of post-modernism. subject: interested in capturing herself. clues that show she is taking the photo herself. process: time period: 1977-1980=film stills example: "untitled film stills"--each shows herself as another character in another scenerio but we can easily recognize the narrative bcuz familiar stereotypes portrayed in movies. culture creates these constructs that we follow. other: Working around time of diane arbus. later embraced photoshop and digital and people got mad because before she was manipulating herself, now photos. she is making portraits with intense detail via photoshop almost made to look like a daguerreotype like arbus: shes expressing something unpleasant other: relationship to roland barthes--photographer was there, this is something that actually happened.

Henri Cartier-Bresson

style: father of modern photojournalism also had a love of surrealism that mixed in--was also first a painter and that comes through too. he has a predatory sense of the photographer--what gilbertson tried to distance himself from. "content cannot be separated from form"--like a more artistic version of photo journalism. "decisive moment"--form/event the perfect split second. subject: different scenery/cities as well as events and stuff in different countries. time period: 1930s/40s example: seville spain, 1944 **bresson vs. Riis on exam comparison

Watkins

style: first to document nature from a artistic perspective--the west before people moved out there. silence in his work. contrast, very composed, straight/clean. no clouds/overexposed skies. "commercial sublime"=railroads trying to encourage tourism/movement west. excitement but not so much terror. from NY but went west and opened studio in san fran-went bankrupt photographed yosemite--did so for govt, wealthy people process: used mammoth plates had persona as tough explorer type time period: 1860s

Breton

style: founder of surrealism subject: anything surreal? time period: 1920s-1940s example: other: did dada movement (avant garde, mockery of materialistic and nationalistic attitudes) then switched

Montiero

style: glamorize added to all--was in the fashion industry. subject: dress goddess made of trash.

ansel adams

style: landscape photography, beautiful awe inspiring images--but manipulated. maybe sublime? subject: black-and-white landscape photographs of the American West, especially Yosemite National Park process: time period: 1920-50s pre visualization like weston looked like he did no manipulations and was featured in f.64 but it turns out he did a lot of manipulations. Adams founded the photography group known as Group f/64, along with fellow photographers Willard Van Dyke and Edward Weston.

Nikki S. Lee

style: like cindy sherman, adopted costumes. immersed herself like anthropologist into sub-cultures in america. used cheap camera, someone else takes picture. time/date stamp puts it in context and gives sense of amateur photography. exploring how we create identities. subject: herself/these cultures process: researches, scrutinizes culture, then transforms her appearance completely to actually make even the ppl in the culture think shes a part of it. time period: 1998/early 2000s example: problematic: portraying these people in stereotypical ways. theyre unwaware. dont give credit to photographer.

Eugene Atget

style: more documentary but turned surrealist by Bernice Abbot subject: composed images showing a different kind of paris, "dreamscape" like, similar to walker evans (evans admired atget's work) time period: 1920s-1940s example: other: published and discovered by Bernice Abbott

august sander

style: new objectivity but no strange angles or distortions. documenting faces/souls of the weimar. focused on portraiture. straight forward photography. subject: people/souls of nations time period: early 1900s. FOUT was published 1929 example: baker, 1928 project: Face of Our Time grand german portrait of weimer=project. full body, representing profession ultimately rejected because it showed the diversity when hitler wanted to only portray the aerian race, he didnt want people to see what germany was really like. sanders celebrated difference too much. ultaimtely turned to safer pure landscape photography hitler against avant garde, but ironically these photography techniques were used to portray him. fascist photography looked like avant garde. interesting angles, to show power.

Ashley Gilbertson

style: photo journalism. NOT for art at all (claims!), us military captive picture would beg to differ. black and white provides neutrality. tries not to be a predator. gets consent. subjects: people time period: current process: small camera

W. Eugene Smith

style: photojournalism. renowned for the dedication he devoted to his projects and his uncompromising professional and ethical standards. got that company in japan to stop dumping mercury through the success of his photos--showing deformity. subject: spending time with his subjects/getting to know. process: time period: 1950s-70s example: deformed girl being bathed by mother other: photography=small voice.

Andy Warhol

style: pop art. interested in consumption. he wanted to be a machine to produce his art, which makes sense why he liked camera. introduces emotional distance by coloring and cropping. densenitization with repetition. subject: people/other art. turned celebs into something you can collect. process: collaging or coloring images time period: 1950s/60s example: 16 jackies, 1964 other: how is warhol portraits different from Nadar: nadar trying to bring out inner essence, warhol purposely being superficial and just getting at the surface. holding a football for a football player. put on same level as the cheap instant photo. how is arbus and warhol work similar? Arbus is drawing attn to desire to gawk and become comfortable with these peopleand warhol is taking it a step further and desensitizes us and distances us from the events. just turns it into wallpaper.

Opie

style: portraiture project example: Renee, woman/man in the navy visual: strange sense of scale, she almost looks like a child. doesnt seem to be uncomfortable the way arbus' images do. 1990s

Robbert Flick

style: postmodern work (movement not style--seeing and knowing have been uncoupled. here we are seeing but dont know landscape is the same). "the re-photographic survey project"--re photographing the entire western landscape subject: landscape time period: 1970s through 2000s. example: sequential views, joshua trees-many just focus on form and become more abstract. but then theyre specifically placed to create a picture within a picture. point: commenting on the surveys of taking this land and dividing it up into parts that be chosen and picked for art. undermines whole idea that lanscapes can be seen/understood in general manner.

Lewis Hine

style: seemed to want to produce something that was more than a document. clearly posed unlike Riis. you can tell he is getting consent from his subjects. always tried to get ages/heights anithesis of stieglitz--hine documented and stieglitz manipulated/photographed for art. he photographed the truth while stieglitz didnt. shifts to celebration of skilled worker. called his book working man--ironic. cause photographing during the great depression. subject: Focused on individual people rather than context process: worked for national child labor committee, but shows these children having agency while in difficult situations. different approach to get sympathy--focusing on the people. time period: hired in 1911 by the Child labor commitee. he died in 1940.

Jacob Riis

style: social documentary photographer. his photos the subjects seem less aware of being photographed, caught off guard, "hit & run strategy" subject: people in poor living conditions NYC, first hand immigrant life, came to us in 1860s, took job as NYPD police reporter. focused on conditions and problems, rather than the people themselves process: time period: 1890 is ben how the other half lived was published. 1860s-1880s other: believed in cameras ability to bear witness and capture things

Dora Maar

style: surrealism. embraced the uncanny, attraction but also repulsion subject: things close up process: time period: 1930s example: baby armadillo other: picassos lover and muse

O'sullivan

style: war photos or the west subject: was a photographer widely known for his work related to the American Civil War and the Western United States. process: wet plate most likely time period: 1860s. worked for brady during civil war then documented the west to attract settlers.

barbara morgan

style: worked in all diff ways, surrealist, straight, political subject: mostly dance. took photos of martha graham dancing--who wanted body shapes and movement, not just stories in dance. time period: 1940s ish example: Letter to the world (kick) 1940

Muybridge

subject: actually made his reputation as a landscape photographer. he considered watkins his rival style: dont get the same neat composition as watkins, muybridge used real skies with clouds. often composite images. got weird shadows on purpose photographed from dramatic angles, daring, with equipment. got the terrifying aspect of nature. did anything to get the picture. consulted with bierstadt who did landscape photography other: grandfather of ansel adams/commercial world invented special shutter that would capture the sky at a different rate than the rest of the image. a. Example: animal-locomotion men b. Style: series photography. felt that human vision for moving objects was not reliable so he wanted to figure out how things really worked. c. Subject: people, horses d. Printing process: used wet plate collodion e. Time period: locomotion studies in 1872-1885