Artificial Intelligence Ch 5
Hector and Lucita are designing an app. Hector says they should use forward chaining because they are using inductive reasoning, but Lucita thinks backward chaining would be better because they have many possible starting points and one goal. Who is correct? -Neither, because backward chaining is always preferable to forward chaining -Neither, because forward chaining is always preferable to backward chaining -Lucita, because backward chaining is better for multiple starting points -Hector, because forward chaining is based on inductive reasoning in philosophy
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Triangles have 180 degrees in total, and squares are two triangles put together. What can you say about the total degrees of a square? -If squares are two triangles put together, then squares equal two triangles. -If triangles have 180 degrees in total, then squares have 180 degrees in total. -If triangles have 180 degrees in total, then squares have 360 degrees in total. -If triangles have 180 degrees in total, then squares are two triangles put together. -If squares are two triangles put together, then triangles have 180 degrees in total.
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p: The dog rolls over on command. q: The dog gets a treat. For the combination p AND q, for which truth values of p and q is the combination true? -p: F q: F -p: F q: T -p: T q: T -p: T q: F
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p: The pond is not frozen over. q: The fish are not jumping. For the combination p AND (NOT q), for which truth values of p and q is the combination true? -p: T q: T -p: F q: F -p: T q: F -p: F q: T
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x + 1 = 2. Is the given expression a proposition? -Yes. -Cannot be determined. -No. -Not enough information provided.
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Bill has an app that shows him how to lose weight, step-by-step. Bill's app is a type of AI that tries to find the best route to a goal. Because of this, it is using _____ inference. -inductive -deductive -backward -goal-driven
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How many propositions are there in the statement below? I will buy you a huge bacon cheeseburger and she will wash your car if and only if you give me your big screen television. -2 -4 -1 -3
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If the following two propositions are true, which is a true statement? Theresa loves dogs. Spot is a dog. -If Theresa loves dogs, then Spot hates Theresa. -If Spot is a dog, then Theresa loves dogs. -If Spot is a dog, then Theresa hates Spot. -If Spot is a dog, then Theresa loves Spot. -If Theresa loves dogs, then Spot loves Theresa.
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If x = 1 and y = 2, what can be said about z if z = xy? -If z = xy, then z = 3. -If z = xy, then x = 1. -If z = xy, then x = 2. -If z = xy, then z = 2. -If x = 1 and y = 2, then x = zy
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Luis owns a technology company that develops apps that use algorithms to help find the best solution to problems. Luis' company is developing _____. -horizontal chaining -inference-based goals -adaptive goal chains -artificial intelligence
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Name one of the main challenges faced by knowledge engineering? -Finding time to meet with an expert. -Processing images and videos. -Creating an artificial brain. -Providing the correct data as input for AI systems.
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The fact 'The boy is smiling' can be translated into Prolog using what syntax? -smiling(boy) :- happy -boy(smiling) -boy(smiling) :- smiling -smiling(boy)
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The knowledge engineering process includes which of the following steps? -Knowledge validation. -Explanation and justification. -Knowledge acquisition. -All of the answers are correct
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What is the negation of 'Triangles are not squares'? -Triangles are three sided. -Triangles don't have four sides. -Triangles are not circles. -Triangles are squares.
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Which of the following is a logic proposition? A: Sam only eats square foods B: Once upon a time C: Circles roll -B -A -A and B -A and C -C
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Which of the following is a programming language used in creating artificial intelligence? -AI -C# -Visual Basic -Prolog
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Which of the following refers to a conditional statement in Prolog? -Queries -Siri -Facts -Rules
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Who is a knowledge engineer? -An automated agent that answers questions from user interaction. -A user of an AI or expert system. -Someone who provides the domain expertise for an AI system. -A person who elicits knowledge from experts and builds rules from this knowledge.
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''All boys are cool.'' Corresponding FOL is: -∀x: boy(x) → cool(x) -∀x: boy(x) ↔ cool(x) -∀x: boy(x) ∧ cool(x) -∀x: boy(x) → (cool,x)
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''Some integers are positive.'' Corresponding FOL is: -∃x: integer(x) ∧ positive(x) -∃x: integer(x) ↔ positive(x) -∃x: integer(x) ∧ x(positive) -∃x: integer(x) → positive(x)
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Angela and Bell want to design an app to match people up with organizations that need volunteers. Angela says that they should use backward chaining for the app, since there are only a few organizations looking for volunteers. Bell argues that forward chaining is better since there are multiple possible end points (or organizations) for each user. Who is correct? -Bell, because forward chaining is more efficient for problems with multiple possible end points. -Neither, because goal-driven inferences don't need chaining. -Angela, because backward chaining is more efficient for problems with multiple possible end points. -Neither, because forward and backward chaining work in similar ways to solve problems
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Chloe wants to develop a program that will help people choose what financial choices to make, such as whether to buy a house or wait, whether to retire or keep working or work part-time, and whether to relocate for a job. For each of the decisions, Chloe's program will make recommendations by starting with a set of rules and working towards a goal, which means that Chloe should use _____. -forward chaining -backward chaining -rule orientation -inductive reasoning
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Consider the two propositions. P: The sun rises in the east. Q: I will go for a walk if and only if the sun rises in the east. P ∧ Q will be _____. -TRUE -Cannot be determined. -FALSE
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Cookie wants to figure out the best way to cut costs at her company. She knows that her end goal is to cut $500,000 from the budget, but there are many different ways to cut those costs. To help her make a decision, Cookie uses accounting software to run simulations and suggest the best option. Because the software begins with her goal and then finds the best route, it is most likely using _____. -backward chaining -inductive reasoning -forward chaining -deductive reasoning
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FOL : ∀x: girl(x) → ¬like(x,ice cream) Corresponding Statement: -For all x, if x is a girl, x doesn't like ice cream. -For all x, if x is a girl, ice cream likes x. -For all x, if x is a girl, x likes ice cream. -For some x, if x is a girl, x likes ice cream.
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If a = c and b = c, what kinds of new statements can you make? A: If a = c and b = c, then a = b. B: If a = 1, then b = 1. C: If b = 2, then a = 1. -A and B -C -B -A -A and C
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Leila made an app that helps users determine whether their symptoms are serious enough that they should seek medical help. Because Leila's app is trying to emulate what a health care professional might have done in the past (screening symptoms to see if they need more attention), it can be thought of as a type of _____. -expert system -backward chaining system -forward chaining system -inductive reasoning system
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P: It will rain. Q: I will sleep. The correct logic for the statement: ''If it rains, I will sleep.'' will be : -P → Q -P ∨ Q -P ∧ Q -¬Q
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P: Ronaldo is a good footballer. Q: A good footballer never drinks alcohol. The statement: ''Ronaldo doesn't drink alcohol.'' will be true _____. -when P ^ Q is true -when P is false but Q is true -when P -> Q is true -when P is true but Q is false
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First Order Logic is also known as _____. -First Order Propositional Logic -Predicate Logic -AI Logic -First Logic
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How does AI created by using Prolog come up with the end goal? -The AI follows a sequence of commands dictated by the programmer. -The AI attempts to come up with the end goal by analyzing the relationship between facts and rules. -The AI determines the fact by analyzing the rules against the query. -The AI is not capable of determining the end goal.
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Mahdi is designing a computer program for third graders. The third graders will put in different weather patterns and the program will show them how those weather patterns might be impacted by different variables. Each time a student puts in information, the program gives the students an 'If-Then' statement, such as 'If the temperature is warm below and cool above, then it is likely a tornado will occur.' This type of 'If-Then' statement is common in _____ because it is based on _____ in philosophy. -backward chaining; deductive reasoning -forward chaining; deductive reasoning -forward chaining; inductive reasoning -backward chaining; inductive reasoning
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P: John's age is 15 years. Q: Parents should talk to their children's teacher regularly, especially when they are in lower classes. R: 1+4=5. S: Hamlet was written by William Shakespeare. Identify which of the above statements is not a proposition. -S -Q -R -P
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What does the statement, 'We will go get ice cream if and only if you clean your room' mean? -It means we get ice cream. -It means no clean room, then no ice cream. -It means cleaning a room does not affect getting ice cream. -It means getting ice cream for a dirty room.
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What is knowledge engineering? -The process of understanding the meaning of words in text. -The process to understand and represent a human expert's knowledge. -The process to learn from data and make decisions with limited human intervention. -The process to identify and understand what is shown in images and videos.
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Which of the following best describes artificial intelligence? -It is the study of machines that are not as intelligent as human beings. -It is the study and development of machines that are capable of having an intelligence equal to or better than a human being. -It is when humans demonstrate that they are far more intelligent than machines. -It is when machines help humans learn new things faster.
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Which of the following might make forward chaining inefficient? -artificial intelligence -extraneous information -many possible end goals -one starting point
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Which of the following technologies have helped knowledge engineering to better integrate data and make it accessible? -The semantic web. -All of the answers are correct. -Cloud computing. -Open datasets.
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''Peter likes chocolates.'' Corresponding FOL is: -Peter(likes,chocolate) -likes(Peter) ∧ (chocolates) -likes(Peter,chocolates) -chocolates(Peter,likes)
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Anika is explaining to her roommate how backward chaining works. She correctly tells her roommate that the first step in a backward chaining program is _____. -setting sub-goals for long timeframes -identifying overarching goals -determining if the goal has already been met -setting sub-goals for short timeframes
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