ARTS 1730 Final

Die Brücke (The Bridge)

established in Dresden in 1905 and reflects these artists' youthful eagerness to cross into a new future. - Woodcuts - reductive style in painting. - simplified or distorted forms meant to jolt the viewer and provoke an emotional response.

Surrealism

evolved out of the Dada movement, most of whose members became surrealists • aimed to generate an entirely new set of imagery by liberating the creative power of the unconscious mind. • Automatism - releasing the subconscious to create a work without rational intervention • emphasis on dreams & bizarre juxtaposition • Freudian theory - release the suppressed unconscious and repressed sexual angst • Originally a literary movement, it was famously defined by the poet André Breton in the First Manifesto of Surrealism (1924)

Symbolism

"reality beyond the tangible world" • Freedom of imagination, expression, and form • The task of Symbolists was NOT to see things but to see through them to a significance and reality far deeper than superficial appearances. • Independent art exhibitions

Divisionism

also known as Pointilism; a distinctive style of painting focusing on the science of color developed by George Seurat

Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider)

formed in 1911 in Munich and were more interested in producing paintings that captured their feelings in visual form. - abstracted forms - prismatic colors - spiritual values that could counteract the corruption and materialism of their age

Collage

means "to glue" and is the combination of varying materials.

Fauvism

means "wild beast" and was the name of an art movement that included Henri Matisse

La Belle Époque

means the "Beautiful Era" and refers to the turn of the century France when peace and prosperity in Paris allowed the arts to flourish. Sometimes referred to as the "golden age."

American Regionalism

refers to the work of a number of rural artists, mostly from the Midwest, who came to prominence in the 1930s. • They were not a part of a coordinated movement • Artists often had an idiosyncratic style or point of view. • Humble, anti-modernist style • Desire to depict everyday life • However their rural conservatism tended to put them at odds with the urban and leftist Social Realists of the same era.

Modernismo

term for Art Nouveau in Spain; Antonio Gaudí was its major practitioner

Avant Garde

Coined by the french military during Napoleon. These artists saw themselves as working in advance of an increasingly bourgeois society. In order to transform industrious society into an ideal state, it would be necessary to gather together an avant garde of intellectuals, scientists, and artist to lead france into the future. A small elite of radical thinkers, artists, and architects to break away from the norms of society.

Yantra

Sanskrit word that can be translated as "instrument of thought"

Synthetic Cubism

The second stage of Cubism introduced the idea of adding in other materials in a collage. Artists would use colored paper, newspapers, and other materials to represent the different blocks of the subject. This stage also introduced brighter colors and a lighter mood to the art.

Abstract Expressionism

Action(Gesture)Painting1940's-1950's - 1st phase of the movement - They believed the painting wasn't a picture, but an event - Named "gestural" because many artists didn't use an easel. They laid the canvas on the ground and used their whole body to create the painting - Techniques: • Dripping • Dabbing • Smearing • Flinging paint

Femmage

Miriam Schapiro's term for collages created with acrylic paint and fabric

Readymade

Term applied to a commonplace prefabricated object isolated from its functional context and elevated to the status of art by the mere act of an artist's selection.

The Guerrilla Girls

a coalition of anonymous female artists who raise awareness of race and gender discrimination by appropriating strategies of guerilla warfare

International Style

a common formal language that transcended regional boundaries developed by architects

Cadavre Exquis

a means to release subconscious, jolt creativity, and create group poetry and art

photomontage

a photographic work created from many smaller photographs arranged in a composition which is often rephotographed

ukiyo-e

A Japanese term for a type of popular art that was favored from the 16th c particularly in the form of color woodblock prints. they often depicted the world of the common people in japan, such as courtesans and actors. as well as landscapes and myths.

en plein air

French term meaning in open air describing the Impressionist practice of painting outdoors so artists could have direct accessJ to the fleeting effects of light and atmosphere while working.

Benday dots

color technique used in commercial art and comic books. Ex. Roy Lichtenstein imitated this technique in his paintings

Constructivism

comprised of a group of artists dedicated to working collectively for the state; an outgrowth of the Russian Revolution

Sak Yant

powerful tattoos that stem from sacred yantras

Japonisme

a style in french and american 19th c art that was highly influenced by Japanese art, especially prints.

Automatism

releasing the subconscious to create a work without rational intervention

Automatism

releasing the subconscious to create a work without rational intervention. Used by the Surrealists.

Realism

A new intellectual movement against social and political backdrop that motivated people to create works about the real lives of the urban lower class. It is less of a style and more of a commitment to paint the modern world honestly without turning away from the brutal truths of life for all people.

Dada

Dada began in Zurich and became an international movement. Or non- movement, as it were. • "Dada" - some say means "hobby horse" in French and others feel is just baby talk. • Dada had only one rule: Never follow any known rules. • Dada was intended to provoke an emotional reaction from the viewer (typically shock or outrage). • Dada art is nonsensical to the point of whimsy. Almost all of the people who created it were ferociously serious, though. • There was no predominant medium in Dadaist art. It's worth noting, though, that assemblage, collage, photomontage and the use of ready made objects all gained wide acceptance due to their use in Dada art. • Dada self-destructed when it was in danger of becoming "acceptable".

Analytical Cubism

In this style, artists would study (or analyze) the subject and break it up into different blocks. They would look at the blocks from different angles. Then they would reconstruct the subject, painting the blocks from various viewpoints.

Mexican Mural Movement

intended to address Mexico's need for a national and revolutionary art.

Alfred Stieglitz

photographer and the chief proponent of European Modern art in America

Minimalism

reaction against Abstract Expressionism; denial of expression coupled with an interest in making objects that avoided the appearance of fine art; geometric works that purposefully evade conventional aesthetic appeal

Superrealism

sought a form of artistic communication more accessible to the public than the remote, unfamiliar visual language of Abstract Expressionism. • Scrupulous fidelity to optical fact • Because many if these artists used photographs as sources for their imagery, art historians also refer to this movement as Photorealism

Art Nouveau

turn of the century art movement inspired from the unruly aspects of the natural world; especially influential in architecture and in the applied arts, graphic work, and illustration. Ex. Toulouse- Lautrec's poster art

Cubism

• Cubism was an innovative art movement pioneered by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque. • In Cubism, artists began to look at subjects in new ways in an effort to depict three-dimensions on a flat canvas. • They would break up the subject into many different shapes and then repaint it from different angles. • Cubism paved the way for many different modern movements of art in the 20th century.

Federal Patronage for American Art During the Depression

• Federal Art Project • Employed photographers • Great Depression

Futurism

• Italianmovement,1910s-1920s • had its official beginning with the publication of Marinetti's "Manifeste de Futurisme" • celebrated advanced technology and urban modernity • Committed to the new, its members wished to destroy older forms of culture and to demonstrate the beauty of modern life - the beauty of the machine, speed, violence and change • evoke sensations beyond those visible to the eye: noise, heat and even the smell of the metropolis • fascinated by new visual technology, in particular chrono-photography

German Expressionism

• Lasted just after the turn of the century through the early 1920s, • reflects deeply humanistic concerns • Showcased an ambivalent attitude toward modernity. 1. sordid experiences of modern urban life 2. the enduring solace associated with nature and religion; 3. the naked body and its potential to signify primal emotion; 4. emotionally charged portraiture; 5. and, most importantly, the need to confront the devastating experience of World War I and its aftermath.

Early Modern Architecture

• New industrial materials • Innovations in engineering • Rejection of the purely decorative • Embracing of pure geometric shapes • Connection to the land (in America)

Post-Impressionism

• Occurred after impressionism • goal: more academic tradition in art, more timeless • painterly brushstrokes, unblended color, • emulating past • connect to humans • no broad, unifying characteristics. Each artist took an aspect of Impressionism and exaggerated it.

Suprematism

• interest in abstraction • search for the 'zero degree' of painting, the point beyond which the medium could not go without ceasing to be art. • Emphasis on the surface texture of paint on canvas

Pop Art

• rejectedestablishedexpectationsaboutart's aesthetic qualities and need for originality • took its subject matter from low-brow sources like comic books and advertising • its use of commercial techniques eliminated emotional content implied by the artist's individual approach • effectively blurred the line distinguishing fine art from more ordinary aspects of life, and forced us to reconsider art's place and purpose in the world

Fauvism

• style of painting that flourished in France around the turn of the 20th century. • artists used pure, brilliant color aggressively applied straight from the paint tubes to create a sense of an explosion on the canvas. • The Fauves painted directly from nature, as the Impressionists had before them, but Fauvist works were invested with a strong expressive reaction to the subjects portrayed. • First formally exhibited in Paris in 1905, Fauvist paintings shocked visitors to the annual Salon d'Automne. • the critic Louis Vauxcelles, who, because of the violence of their works, dubbed the painters fauves ("wild beasts").

International Style

• the conception if architecture as volume rather than mass • Regularity rather than symmetry (asymmetrical designs)