Asbestos

How was asbestos used in the US?

Boiler insulation, boxcar and cabooses, brakes and clutches

in 1994, OSHA PEL for asbestos is reduced to what?

0.1 f/cc

What are the FIVE examples of amphibole minerals?

1) Amosite 2) Anthophyllite 3) Actinolite 4) Crocidolite 5) Tremolite

Describe the early stage of asbestosis?

1) Lungs seem normal in appearance 2) minor changes in pulmonary function

What are the FOUR ways ancient Greeks used asbestos?

1) Woven into the clothing worn by imported slaves 2) Wicks of eternal flames of the vestal virgins 3) Funeral dress for the cremation of kings 4) Napkins

Anthophyllite is fibrous ___ mineral an an impurity in ____ deposits. It is not as _____ important.

1) amphibole 2) talc 3) economically

Actinolite is a fibrous ___________ mineral. It is an impurity of _________ and __________. It is not __________ important.

1) amphibole 2) tremolite 3)anthophyllite 4) economically

Tremolite is fibrous ____ material and commonly occurs in ___ deposits. It is an impurity in ____ deposits.

1) amphobile 2) talc 3) mica

What are the 4 major asbestos illnesses?

1) asbestosis 2) mesothelioma 3) asbestos- related lung cancer 4) pleural plaques

Crocidolite is the __ asbestos. It is the fibrous ___ asbestos and considered the most ___ of all. It is less ______-_____ than other types. It is primarily used primarily in ____. In WW2, it was used in ____ _____ and filters of infant incubators.

1) blue 2) amphibole 3) hazardous 4) heat- resistant 5) cement products 6) gas masks

Amosite is _______ asbestos. It is fibrous _______ material. It is the ___________ most used type in the United States and throughout the world. The three uses of amosite are ___, ___ and ____

1) brown 2) amphibole 3) second 4) cement products 5) thermal insulations 6) ceiling materials

About __/___ people with asbestosis will eventually develop lung cancer

1/7

From where does mesothelioma arise?

Arises from the mesothelial cells of that line the pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities

Where is chrysotile imported from?

Canada

In 1900 asbestosis was recognized as an occupational disease where?

Charing Cross Hospital, London

in 1960, who published a paper linking asbestos to mesothelioma

Chris Wagner

Why is the ONE example of Serpentine Minerals?

Chrysotile

What are pleural plaques?

Deposits of fibrous tissue that develop in the chest cavity as a result of asbestos exposure

What is asbestosis characterized by?

Diffuse interstitial fibrosis of the lung parenchyma

Who worked with the auto industry to phase out asbestos in breaks?

EPA

In 1991, much of the what was vacated by the US Circuit of appeals?

the Ban and Phase Out rule

The orange book was revised to what?

the blue book

When did more laws about labeling and other regulations such as the AHERA and Asbestos Worker Protection Rule come to be?

the late 80s

in 1975 what did NESHAP ban?

the use of asbestos in thermal insulation products

How does exposure to asbestos occur?

through inhalation of asbestos fiber

Does mesothelioma have a long latency period?

yes, 30-50 years

When do development of the diseases occur?

A latency period of a few years to as many as 40 years

How was asbestos used in the construction industry?

insulation products, floor and ceiling tiles, cement pipes

in 1977, the CPSC did what?

issues rules prohibiting the sale of consumer patching compounds and fireplace emberizing agents containing asbestos

What is Regulated Asbestos Containing Material (RACM)

material that contains more than 1% asbestos and is friable

Can pleural plaques be malignant?

no, they are benign

What is the general type of disease that asbestosis falls under?

pneumoconiosis

This is the guidance for controlling asbestos containing materials in buildings.

purple book

What did the Navy recommend for asbestos exposure?

respirators

Mesothelioma is considered a "______ __________"

signature tumor

Is asbestos banned in the U.S.?

Not a total ban

in 1970, ______ establishes the first federal guidelines for workplace asbestos exposure.

OSHA

What is the new guidance for operations and maintenance programs for the management of in-place ACM?

green book

In 1897 the first case of asbestos related ailment was documented. What was it?

A French physician attributed emaciation and pulmonary problems to asbestos dust inhalation

in 1972, ______lists asbestos as a human carcinogen.

ACGIH

In 1946, who established a maximum acceptable concentration of 5 million particles per cubic foot for occupational exposure?

American Conference of Governmental Inudstrial Hygienists (ACGIH)

How was asbestos used WW2?

Fire-proofing of war ships

What was the purpose of the orange book?

For the EPA to provide technical assistance to help schools control and identify friable ACM

What did the Greek geographer Strabo do?

He identified what was believed to be the first asbestos quarry in Evvoia

How was asbestos used in the industrial revolution?

It became very popular in the 1800s to mid-to-late 20th century. It was used in steam pipes, turbines, boilers, kilns, and ovens. It became even more widespread in the 19th century.

The Romans named asbestos amiantus, which means what?

It means unpolluted

How does an illness for asbestos come about? (thinking route of exposure)

It must be inhaled, contact on the skin will not cause a disease.

How was asbestos used in ancient Persia?

It was imported from India and used as burial cloth to wrap the dead.

How was asbestos used in Ancient Finland?

It was used in pottery clay and added to calking (sealing/log stone homes).

How was asbestos used in ancient Egypt?

It was used to improve durability of clothing and in the packing material to embalm pharaohs.

What does "asbestos" mean? Why is it given this term?

It's inextinguishable. It is given this term because it has flame resistant properties.

How was asbestos used in the Middle Ages?

Its use decline, however Charlemagne used it to convince vikings he had super powers, Marco polo was shown items made of asbestos, and it was used as insulation in armor. There were also novelty item asbestos crosses.

in 1929, workers sue _____ _______ for damages from disability caused by asbestos exposure

John Manville

in 1964, who first places warning labels on asbestos products?

Johns Manville

in 1906 the first documented case of an asbestos related death was reported. What was the death caused by?

Lung fibrosis

What state awarded disability payments to asbestos workers?

Massachusetts

Who is the person that noticed people had lung issues when exposed the asbestos and created a bladder skin respirator?

Pliny the Elder

Where was the first asbestos mine opened?

Quebec

in 1955, who published a paper linking asbestos to lung cancer?

Richard Doll

What did ancient Persians believe about asbestos?

That it was hair from a small mythical animal that lived by fire and died by water

Where is chrysotile mined from?

Thetford mine, Quebec

How did the ancient Romans use asbestos?

They used it for its flame-retardant and insulation properties, wove asbestos fibers into fabrics to make towels, nets, and head coverings. They also used it in building materials. Roman restaurants used table cloths and napkins made of cloth.

T or F. In 1918 insurance companies refused to sell insurance to asbestos workers.

True

T or F. Most homes and buildings constructed in the early to mid-1900s contain asbestos?

True

T or F. The Asbestos Worker Protection Rule was revised.

True

in 1931, where were dust control measures and compensation for asbestos given?

UK (Parliament required it)

How was asbestos used in the automotive industry?

Used in clutch and brake linings and floor mats

Is chrysotile the most common form of asbestos? What does it mean in Greek?

Yes it is. It means gold fiber.

What is friable asbestos?

a term that describes any asbestos-containing material that when dry, can be easily crumbled or pulverized into powder by hand

What are two types of asbestos related lung cancers?

adenocarcinoma and bronchial carcinoma

What type of asbestos did the EU ban?

amphibole

in 1999, the EU banned all uses of what type of asbestos?

chrysotile

What did the NESHAP rule of 1973 do?

eliminated spray application of fireproofing containing asbestos

Describe the 4 stages of mesothelioma according to the Butchart system.

1) cancer is only seen in one side of the chest lining or pleura 2) the mesothelioma has spread to any one of the chest wall, esophagus, or heart, or the lymph nodes of the heart 3) the cancer has invaded the diaphragm and the lining of the abdominal cavity or has spread to additional lymph nodes in the body 4) mesothelioma has spread to several major organs

5 Currently Exposed Employee Groups

1) demolition and renovation workers 2) asbestos abatement workers 3) firefighters 4) automobile workers 5) industrial maintenance workers

Describe the 4 stages of mesothelioma according to the TNM staging system.

1) mesothelioma is restricted to the chest and has not spread to other areas 2) the cancer has spread to the pleural lining and to the outer lining of the lung or into the lung itself 3) mesothelioma spreads to part of the chest cavity behind the breast bone or within the chest wall-- includes cancer of the lymph nodes 4) the most advanced of the mesothelioma stages, when cancer has spread to major organs, bones, or the brain

What are the symptoms of mid-stage asbestosis?

1) more frequent shortness of breath 2) recurring chest pain or a feeling of tightness 3) clubbed finger or pitted, uneven fingernails

What are the symptoms of advanced stage asbestosis?

1) more severe chest pain 2) poor sleep 3) swelling of the hands, feet, and ankles 4) coughing up blood or fluid from the longs 5) recurring infections (particularly respiratory infections)

4 Historically exposed employee groups

1) shipbuilding industries 2) asbestos mining and milling 3) manufacturing of asbestos textiles and other abestos products 4) insulation work in the construction and building trades

What are the symptoms of early stage asbestosis?

1) shortness of breath 2) dry cough 3) general malaise 4) wheezing

What are the 6 properties that make asbestos usable?

1) soft and pliable 2) fire/heat- resistant 3) chemical resistant 4) high tensile strength 5) good thermal and electrical insulating properties 6) good frictional properties

What are the 6 uses of chrysotile?

1) thermal insulation 2) flooring 3) surfacing materials 4) ceilings 5) clothing and cloth applications 6) cement products

Chrysotile is the ____ asbestos. It is fibrous ______ material. It is the _____ used in the US, at ___%.

1) white 2) serpentine 3) most 4) 90%

Did the FAIR (Fairness in Asbestos Injury Resolution) act ever become law?

No

in 2007, the Ban Asbestos in American was introduced. Did it become law?

No version of the BAA ever became law.

In 2002, who proposed the first asbestos ban in the US?

Senator Patty Murray

The Greeks were the first to recognize the ___________ ___________ of asbestos?

They were the first to identify the biological effects. Strabos noted that many slaves had lung disease.