ASE Painting and refinishing
What method can you use to even metallic modeling in the panel?
"Fogging" or doing a "drop coat"
What is a compound which contain mineral abrasives to clean and provide the required "tooth" to the panel?
"Sand fix" compound
What Rule should you use when selecting abrasives and compound for final polishing tasks?
"The less is best" rule
What are the guidelines for mixing tints?
1) Mix only amount of color needed for spaying to reduce hazardous waster 2)Use only half of the formula when you're mixing the tints 3) Carefully measure of the amount of each tint you use 4) Add only the tints that are in the formula 5) Add only one tint at a time
Name three types of drying systems for air compressors
1) after cooler or refrigerant dryer 2) desiccant dryer 3) membrane dryer
Name three potential shapes of paint spray from a spraygun and how to fix it.
1) if a crescent shaped pattern is present, clean and check the air cap 2)If a figure 8 pattern is present, cut down on the air adjustment 3) If the pattern is round, add more air to the mix.
Name two things that end adhesion promoter can do
1) it makes sure the paint will adhere in hard to reach areas. 2) It will give the resulting finish the endurance of the original finish.
What are the two goals of a primer-surfacer?
1) it provides hiding characteristics for the topcoat 2) It is used to build a film on the surface which can be shaved and smooth by sanding
Name three ways the mixed color will vary.
1) it will be too late or too dark 2)it will be too clean or too dirty 3)It will move around the color spectrum
What are four things that are really important consideration when picking out a nozzle combination unit for painting?
1)Available air supply 2)physical size of the object to painted 3) the speed with which the the finish will be applied 4) the desired level of quality, including uniform coverage
High-volume low-pressure (HVLP) guns deliver the material to the car pressures of approximately what psi?
10 psi
How many times is exhaust media normally changed for every intake filter change in a spray booth?
10 times
What is the thickness of the code that requires tripping?
14 mils or greater
What is the generally excepted the limit for paint thickness?
15 mils
What grit should you use when rough metal finishing is required?
24-X, 36-E, 36-D, or 36-X grit paper
What is the finest grit of sandpaper for finishing?
280-A320-A, 400-A
What type of paper should you use if you are going to use enamel?
320-A paper
What type of paper should you use if you are going to use lacquer?
360-A paper
What is the maximum paint thickness that should be applied in one application?
4-6 mils
What's the smallest amount of paint film that is acceptable on a vehicle?
5 mils
What is the typical setting up of material control valves ?
5 to 6 full turns open from the fully closed position
What is the normal air pressure of the HVLP siphoning gun?
5-10 psi
How close is should you be to the surface when spraying?
6 to 8 inches from the surface
What grit can you use for feather edging or do you take out scratches left by a coarser grit?
60- D or 80-D grit paper then follow with 220A sand surfacer or plyester glazing putty
What is created if you feather edge improperly?
A bull's-eye will occur around the repair
What happens after the blended panel shows no distinction from the primary panel?
A clearcoat can be applied to the entire job
What can spitting be caused by?
A clogged vent hole in the cover, worn or cracked fluid nozzle or dirt between nozzle seat and body, loose or defective swivel, loose fluid to, worn or imperfect needle
What adjusts the fan width of spray and where is it usually found?
A fan width adjustment is found at the top of the gun.
What primer surfacer should be used when speed is an issue?
A fast acting and curing primer-surfacer
Once the body is cleaned what should happen?
A final solvent wash should be done
How does the fluid adjustment control the material flow rate in a spray gun?
A fluid adjustment controls the travel of fluid needle which allows more or less material through the fluid tip as it is withdrawn by the trigger
What should a painter use when using a spray gun for personal safety?
A fresh air supply or respirator that provides positive pressure when applying product in a booth.
If any area of body panel breaks the paint film what is created?
A hard edge that must be tapered into a feather edge.
Why should a level concrete floor be used in an air compressor?
A level installation ensures proper oil distribution.
What type of lubricant should be used on the fluid needle spring?
A light coat of petroleum jelly or a non-silicone grease such as lithium should be used
What is a good method for removing the mold release from a plastic part that may have a residue from water soluble mold?
A method for removing this is to use scouring powder like comment a red scuff pad and water.
What happens an enamel resin i(color, clear or primer) is catalyzed?
A new chemical compound is formed
What type of nozzle combination gives you a greater application control?
A nozzle unit that produces fine atomization and small pattern size
What is the first step in refinishing?
A plan to map out what materials needed, how much time it will take and what surface preparation is involved.
When selecting a primer surfacer for a rough surface what primer-surfacer should be picked?
A superior filling characteristic - like an undercoat
What is a build date?
A term used to describe the date of the manufacture of the vehicle
What's the difference between a test panel and a let-down panel?
A test panel is used to determine which ultimate formula should be used. He let down panel resembles a test panel excepted the amount of pearl (stage 2) applied is determined by consecutive coats
What do all basecoat-clearcoat systems use?
A urethane clear topcoat
How close should an after cooler or a refrigerant dryer be away from the air compressor?
About 25 feet or more and try to install as closest possible to the air hose coupling going to the spraygun
What type of lacquer is rarely used commercially due to its high VOC content and for durability of urethanes and other enamels?
Acrylic lacquer
Epoxy primers are considered the best primer for?
Adhesion, corrosion resistance and build qualities.
What causes excess overspray?
Air pressure is too high in relation to material weight, material is too thin, spraygun not close enough
What causes a split spray?
Air pressure is too high, material is too thin.
How can you fix dry spray?
Allow the paint to flash as normal and re-coat or you can sand and polish.
What type of abrasive is tougher and works well in rough grinding?
Aluminum oxide
What should you do when using a buffer?
Always direct the rotation of the pad off the panel to prevent burns
What should you do when adjusting color?
Always select tints that were used to mix the color and consult a color wheel to see how to eliminate certain cast or conditions
What's the difference between adhesion promoter and a plastic primer?
An adhesion promoter helps the paint adhere while the primer is used to resurface repaired areas on plastic parts.
What happens when parts are not removed before painting?
And unsightly edge can be open at the masking point which can lead to peeling of the paint film and shows that a repair was performed
How long is booth bake-cycle and how high can the temperature go?
Anywhere from 20 minutes to an hour and to 175 degrees
What should you do after you level surface with sand paper?
Apply as wax and grease remover as per the manufacturers recommendations.
Where is the fluid adjustment apparatus found on a spray gun?
At the rear of the gun
Can of sealer be used as?
Be used as an undercoat to color and topcoat finishes.
Why don't you use sandpaper to remove decals?
Because adhesive residue will remain after sanding
Why is it essential that corrosion protection be restored to a collision damage to vehicle?
Because corrosion will compromise a vehicle's structural integrity and corrosion preventive coatings should be applied in such a way as to last a lifetime of the vehicle
Why is lye chemical stripping dangerous to the painter?
Because dangerous fumes and hazardous-waste is created when doing it
Why should you use in approved painters suit and rubber gloves?
Because isocyanates can enter the body through the skin, eyes or any mucous membrane
Why is scuff sanding used?
Because it does not cut deeply into the surface, it is used to reduce the original gloss and increases the adhesions of materials
Why are oil and water extractors nearly universal in on compressors?
Because moisture and/or oil in the line can affect paint quality
Why is it important to observe the proper temperatures, reduction ratios and/times for the specific product being used?
Because most vehicles have a base coat/clear coat which means separate applications of of each. Clear coat finishes aren't on heavy-bodied product and will tend to run on vertical surfaces
Why is it important to use a sanding block to ensure even pressure during the removal of material use for pin striping?
Because often the outline of the pin stripe remains visible after topcoats are applied if they are not removed completely
Why is important to use two separate dry wipes?
Because the contamination will remain on the surface if you only use one. All you are doing is moving the contamination around with the rag.
Why does OSHA frowned upon blowing off cars with compressed air in shops without air filtetration systems?
Because the dust particles go into the atmosphere and settle on all the cars in the shop as well as contaminate the breathing air
Why is having low pressure helpful in a spray gun?
Because the pressure is low more of the material gets onto the vehicle unless goes into the air.
Besides duplicating factor conditions what also makes it so difficult to reproduce the painting finish?
Because the procedures used by the Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) cannot be duplicated in the collision repair shop.
Why do some manufacturers advise against sanding the polyester-based putty with water?
Because the putty tends to absorb moisture.
Why is blending for color match important?
Because the refinish industry requires a quality job to be performed
Why is a block used with hand sanding?
Because the sand paper would leave impressions on the surface and destroy the level finish with finger imprints
Why Is it important to blow out the openings in the body and wheel wells before putting the vehicle in a spray booth?
Because the spray gun in the spray booth will do the same thing, and the paint will get contaminated
Why should you use a clean tack rag to remove any airborne dust particles on the vehicle surface?
Because the tack rag will pick up contaminations which can be spread to other jobs
Why should you put an air compressor away from heated areas and give them good ventilation?
Because they are air cooled.
Why should you preserve factory E-coats?
Because they are more desirable than coatings applied after market.
Why do paint manufacturers require a drying system on compressed air supply to qualify for factory paint warranty coverage?
Because urethane enamel is and polyester base coats are extremely sensitive to contamination from oil and water from the air compressor.
What's a common organic paint problem?
Bird droppings and tree sap
Should not be confused with or substituted for corrosion protection?
Bituminous-based undercoating
Moisture from the compressor's line or wet sanding can cause this.
Blistering
What do the the numbers in the paint code mean?
Body color
How are both sprayguns design similar?
Both designs or equipped with a removable spray head unit containing the air, fluid test, and fluid needle
How does enamel cure?
By absorbing oxygen and changing chemically.
How do you prevent the buildup of static electricity?
By always following manufacturers recommendations for cleaning and paint products
How do you protect areas from overspray?
By back masking openings or tape them to eliminate the appearance of a distinctive hard edge once the tape is removed
how is blistering identified?
By block sanding with a medium grit paper
If it looks like the car has been repainted how do you check whether the color of the vehicle is the same as the factory original color?
By checking the film thickness of the existing paint
How can you prevent sandscratch swelling?
By checking the manufacturers recommendations for drying temperature conditions
How can you correct streaking?
By dropping air pressure, applying a Draco I holding the gun 12 to 15 inches from the surface and "fog coat" over the affected area until an even finish with
How does a short-wave infrared lamps accelerate curing?
By exciting the molecules of the substrate
What is the most common method of curing paint?
By force drying it by applying heat.
How do make sure that proper catalazation takes place?
By mixing the two substances in proper proportion
How can curing time be accelerated or slowed?
By the selection of an alternate hardener and/or reducer.
What have acrylic lacquer and enamel have all but been replaced by?
By two-component urethane enamel
How can a featheredge best be done?
By using a dual action (DA) sander or by hand sanding
What is the best way make sure that the painter has protection from fumes in the spray booth?
By using a full face mask that can operate on filter compressed air or one that is fed by oil-less, breathable air compressors fed by outside air
Name two ways that you can prevent the vehicle from having a static charge.
By using a jumper cable to ground the vehicle to the spray booth or by using a de-ionizing spray gun
How do you achieve the best surface for priming in areas not filled in by primer-surfaces?
By using a polyester body filler (such as plastic, Bondo) or polyester glazing putty.
Why are gravity-feed or siphon- type spray guns the most popular guns used today?
Cause they do not require air compression and they are more efficient and economic
What is the first thing you do before touching the finish?
Clean it with a water and detergent wash to remove water soluble contaminants such as tree sap.
What does the letter code mean?
Color
What should you do to take a load off the breaker when using a compressor?
Connect the compressor to a direct powerline using a magnetic starter
Wat should you do before refinishing?
Consult the paint manufactures paint thickness recommendations
What is the chemical reaction called when resin is catalyzed?
Cross-linking
What must be done before mixing color?
Determining if alternative finishes have been applied.
What can happen if moldings mirrors and door handles aren't removed properly prior to painting?
Dirt and other contaminants can hide and surface later in the refinishing process and cause problems such as fish eyes they can also provide a place for overspray to hit.
What happens if the code is heavy with sadness, ripples or orange peel?
Dirty air nozzle, gun to close, paint too thin or thick, low air pressure, stroke too slow, too much overlap
How is the adhesive residue from vinyl stripes and graphics removed from the substrate after they have been removed?
Do use of heat can aid in the removal of adhesive residue. Some finish safe solvents can also be used to remove the residue
What should you do daily to maintain the air compressor?
Drain the tank dearly and even more often in a humid climate. Allow the drain cock to remain open until clean air passes through
What causes distorted spray patterns?
Dried paint plugging the fluid tip or deposits on the air cap or clogged air holes
What causes an unbalanced spray?
Dry material in or on nozzle, partially clogged jets in air nozzle, worn needle or nozzle
What are some methods of stripping vehicle finishes?
Dry stripping or plastic media blasting
How often should you clean the intake filter in an air compressor?
Every 2 to 3 months depending on shop air quality.
How often should you change the oil in the compressor?
Every 2 to 3 months depending on the shop air quality. More dust equals more frequent oil changes
What should you do after your test panel is dry and clear has been applied where necessary?
Examine the color under day light conditions
What is the next step after cleaning?
Examining the refinishing surface to check for its condition and paint build up.
What causes pinholes in a finish?
Excessive atomizing air on the spray gun or moisture.
What happens when too much material has been applied or when the car has been repainted too many times?
Excessive film build and wrinkling can occur
What should you do if when performing a spot repair?
Featheredge the immediate area around the repair
These additives that allow the paint to adhere to flexible plastic called ?
Flex agents
What happens if the coat is thin, rough, dry or has no luster?
Fluid control not open enough, the gun is too far away, the paint is too thin, too much air or stroke too fast
What other things should be done in for trim removal?
Flush mounted handles, side moldings, belt moldings, lock cylinders on the lamps and gaskets must be removed carefully marked in store to prevent bridging of paint film.
What direction does the infrared light cure the paint film?
From the inside out.
By using the fluid adjustment at the rear of the gun and the fan width adjustments at the top of the gun what will you be able to do?
Get an optimum spray pattern for the material and the surface onto which you are applying paint
What type of diameter hose will reduce airflow problems?
Greater diameter hoses
Which spray gun is now required in most areas of the US due to environmental concerns?
HVLP guns
What do you do after cleaning the surface to be refinished?
Handstand the surface to level nicks and scratches
What are catalysts known as?
Hardeners or activators
How is forced drying achieved in a conventional downdraft spray booth?
Heated air of about 150 to 170°F is directed from a grid of filters in the ceiling over the car while exhausting the air and overspray through the floor
What system have also been developed for top coating?
High solids paints
What can cause blushing?
Humid, cold and extremely hot, damp conditions or from a poor balance of thinner or a fast -drying thinner
What is the first rule when working with plastics?
Identifying the material that has been used
When should you strip the paint on the vehicle
If the paint film is greater than 14 mils or shows signs of cracking, poor adhesion, peeling or other damage
Where should an air compressor be installed?
In an area where there is good air circulation and is dust free
Where should the comparison to the subjects vehicle color being made?
In daylight conditions and not under shop lighting
Where and why should you store charcoal cartridge type respirators?
In sealed containers or plastic bags because the activated charcoal continually absorbs organic vapor is in the atmosphere
Wha is flattening or dulling caused by?
Inferior thinner, wax, oil or grease on an old surface, insufficient flash time, over thinning, compounding too soon or improper ventilation.
What is a "guide coat"?
Is a dark color, usually black, sprayed on the primer-surfacer in a light application.
What is grittiness caused by?
Is caused by failure to strain material often, improper staring, use of all the material and in proper solvents.
What is a mixing system?
It a system consist of a mixing rack, which when activated, mixes each of the tints at a constant rate.
What happens a vehicle has a static charge caused by rubbing with wipers?
It acts as a desk magnet and it tracks airborne particles
How does excess film build up look like?
It appears as cracking and peeling of the paint.
What advantage does an infrared light have for paint curing?
It avoids solvent popping that occurs when solvent films over
How can two- component putty be applied?
It can be applied by spray or with the squeegee.
How can transparency be fixed?
It can be remedied with the application of tinted primer and sealer's
What kind of excessive buffing cause in the paint?
It can cause burns which are commonly seen on hard edges of the body where excess heat was allowed to develop
What can constantly loud noise from machinery do to workers?
It can cause fatigue and distraction and may result in long-term hearing loss
What can a static charge cause?
It can cause flash fires and serious injury
What can a clear sealer function as?
It can function as an adhesion promoter
What causes high chalking?
It can occur from improper stirring of materials, improper reducer and/or exposure to chemical fumes and long exposure to sunlight?
When can clearcoat be applied?
It can only be applied after the basecoat the chocolate has been to allow to dry or "flash"
What does repeated rubbing with wipers produce?
It can produce a static charge in the vehicle's body.
Does a suction feed gun work?
It creates a vacuum at the nozzle which draws the paint up from the cup. An air valve shuts off the flow of air when the trigger is released
How does the downdraft-style spray booth work?
It cures paint by forcing heated air over the vehicle, which removes solvents and their vapors and heats the vehicle's surface.
What does gun travel speed determine?
It determines build and the amount of material applied
What is the drawback of a centrifugal design water extractor?
It does not provide sufficient water vapor and oil extraction by itself
What does a primer-surfacer do on the substrate?
It fills in scratches and other imperfections.
What does the fluid tip form for the fluid needle?
It forms and internal seat which controls the flow of material
What does an undercoat do?
It give a uniform surface upon which an colorcoat or topcoat can be applied
How is the gravity-feed spray gun identified?
It has a cup on top of the gun
Why is nitrocellulose lacquer no longer used?
It has poor durability, high VOC content and low solids
What else does featheredging do?
It helps that paint adhere to the topcoat and create a level service for an invisible repair
How does plastic media blasting work?
It involves blasting the finish with different types of plastic particles it is similar to sandblasting but is softer and gentler.
What is forced dried?
It involves the circulation of heated air over the surface of the car
What is crazing?
It is a condition that happens after a new paint product is applied to an existing finish. When the existing finish swells and cracks appear in the newly applied paint.
What is dry spray?
It is a condition when the material is not applied uniformly. Usually the gun is held too far away from the surface or is angled in such a way that the material does not wet the surface. It can also be caused by using improper reducer
What is it an MSDS?
It is a material safety data sheet that is on file for every product that is in use in the shop
What is a two component putty?
It is a polyester-based product that uses a hardener and does not have a tendency to shrink after it has been applied or cured
What is an undercoat?
It is a product that is applies to the substrate over an existing finish
What is "checking"?
It is a series of fine cracks in the finish - also known as "crowsfeet"
Why do you use a guide coat?
It is a visual aid to monitor the effectiveness of the sanding operation.
What is a flex additive?
It is an additive which is added to the color and clear to give flexibility to the coating
What is a substrate?
It is any surface to which a coating is applied
What is a desiccant dryer?
It is basically a cylinder loaded with desiccant beads.
What is blushing in paint finish?
It is clouding or blooming of the film that gives it a milky white appearance in lacquer based paints
What is dieback?
It is loss of glass on the newly painted vehicle
Why is a sealer needed?
It is needed because the solvent in a topcoat is generally a slower drying reducer that can often attack the substrate
What is the normal air pressure at the inlet?
It is normally 30 to 50 psi
What are two ways gun speed adjusted?
It is slow down to "wet" the surface or it is increased when to much material is being sprayed so that runs and sags are avoided
Where is the atomization air supplied when the gun is turned on?
It is supplied at the air cap.
What is chemical bond?
It is the ability of two paint films to interlock chemically
What is Chalking?
It is the oxidation of the topcoat
What is gun travel speed?
It is the rate at which the painter passes the spray over the panel
What is the most common cause of a run?
It is the result of improper of the lap of the spray pattern.
Name two ways the color formula typically broken down?
It is typically broken down into parts per thousand or by grams and measured with a sensitive scale that goes with the paint color system
What is the factory paint code used for?
It is used to cross reference a color formula in an aftermarket paint system
What is shrinking usually caused by?
It is usually the result of insufficient curing of the primer-surfacer
What is overspray?
It is when the air pressure is too high or there is a improper application by the painter
What does lifting look like?
It looks like a chemical paint stripper was applied
What difficulty has the use Low-presser (HVLP) transfer equipment and high-solids (low-VOC) materials made for the technician?
It made it harder to match the original equipment finish.
What else does the undercoat help with?
It may also help the topcoat adhere to a substrate
What must you do after the surface has been properly prepared and sanded?
It must be cleared of sanding residue and dry particles
What is important that the basecoat is covered with?
It must be coded with clear to endure the test of time
What must you do after lacquer dries?
It must be polished to bring out the gloss.
When does sandscratch swelling occur?
It occurs when a new finished is exposed to call shop conditions
What does a seam sealer do?
It prevents moisture from entering welded joints and the corrosion that can result from water being present
What does dry spray produce?
It produces a finish with excess of orange peel and/or lack of gloss
What does arcing the gun away from the panel at the end of the stroke produce?
It produces a rough, dry finish and will not cover at the end of the stroke
What is important when making a test panel for paint finish?
It should be clear coated for comparison after the test panel has been examined against the vehicle in direct sunlight for color
What happens in a basecoat/clearcoat refinish system?
It uses a modified, non-catalyzed polyester enamel color basecoat, which must be top-coated with a urethane clearcoat.
How does a spraygun work?
It uses compressed air to atomize the coatings or other liquid material and apply it to a surface
What will a wax and grease remover do to the surface that will be repaired?
It will help float the dirt and the contamination on the surface which allows the solvent, dirt and contamination to be removed with a separate clean wiper
What does uncured alkyd enamel do?
It will lift when repainted and will react as if it was treated with paint stripper
What is the advantage of using plastic media blasting over sand blasting?
It will not damage the substrate and is gentler on the trim, glass and flexible body parts
What else can removing trim, and moldings, fasteners and hardware do during the repair?
It will protect them from damage.
What does each paint system do?
It will specify the proper adhesion promoter depending on the composition of the plastic part
What is the advantage of dry sanding over wet sanding?
It's faster
What is the function of a guide coat?
It's function is to live inside the irregularities on the surface and show the painter where the abrasive hasn't reached. Once all traces of the guide code are gone, the surface is officially sanded and level
what does the air cap do in a gravity feed spray gun?
It's supplies compressed air into the material stream to atomize it and forms the spray pattern
How are self-etching primers are generally designed to be sanded?
Like the way primer-surfacers are.
What type of sand paper should be used with an epoxy primer?
Low grade papers such as 220 to 240 grit (although some color basecoat systems demand a finer grade as high as 600) to prevent visible scratches
What are some causes of compressor slow down
Low line voltage, or wiring, tight bearings, lack of oil, plugged aftercooler, dirty or oily commutator terminal or possibly a broken compressor valve
What must you do to properly feather edge a repaired area?
Make sure that the tapered coatings are not visible once the primer is applied.
Name three correct ways to make sure that the surface to be sprayed is done correctly.
Make sure that your wrist is flexible, that the gun travel straight, and that an even coating is applied.
How do you make sure that the tapered coatings are not visible?
Make sure the edges are sanded sufficiently so that the various layers will be measured in 1/2 inch sequences
What is a good general rule when wet sanding?
Make sure to flush the area constantly with clean water
What should you be careful about when using polyester glazing putty?
Make sure you do not confuse them with lacquer based nitrocellulose putties because they absorb solve it and cause paint failure
What should you do with respect to air pressure settings at the regulator and the gun?
Make sure you follow the paint manufacturers recommendations
What is important to do when scuff sanding?
Make sure you thoroughly sand where the original surface is rough
What are the gauges called that can be mounted inside the downdraft spray cabin to help maintain positive pressure?
Manometers
What should you do as you remove trim from the vehicle?
Mark and store parts until the time they are reinstalled
what is the general practice for masking?
Mask 18 inches from the area to be sprayed and then bag the rest of the car in a polyethylene bag making sure the edges are sealed and openings and places where overspray can get under the plastic are covered
How do you make a letdown panel?
Mask the panel after one coat of pearl, then mask again for two coats and so on. Then clearcoat the entire test panel and compare the surface of the vehicle noting which application best matches the finish
What are some disadvantages of wet sanding?
Moisture or water may build up and crevices and moldings making cleaning much more difficult
When does streaking occur?
Most often occurs when metallic colors are incorrectly applied - usually when there is improper overlap with the spray pattern
What causes dieback?
Most often the result of the newly applied finished soaking into a substrate that was pores or not sealed properly. It can be caused by excessive solvent in the paint, lack of flash time between coats, overspray falling on the new finish or lack of ventilation after the paint work is completed,
What can scratches be caused by?
Mostly coarse grit sand paper but improper cleaning, improper base material curing, over reduction of topcoat, heavy undercoat can also lead to this
Should you use self etching primers on metallic materials?
Never do this when etching
What is the oldest finishing materials still available commercially for lacquering?
Nitrocellulose laquer
Should urethane bumper covers be cleaned with an organic solvent (VOC-based)?
No because there is possibility of a static charge building in the cover when solvents are rubbed on it.
Is using basecoat went under hood area is acceptable?
No they must be covered with a suitable tintabe or colored primer system
Will panels with a factory primer or topcoat need a self etching primer?
No they will not need a self-etching primer.
Does application materials and air enter the same passage way in the gun nozzle head?
No, application material and air enter through separate passages
Is sandpaper made out of sand glued to paper?
No, its made out of of various fine mineral compounds
Should you mix paint material in the spraygun cup?
No- always use a separate clean container
Urethane single-,two and three-stage paint systems are most common in
North America
What is important to get a good result when using a spray gun to paint?
Observing proper flash and dry times.
What causes a curved spray pattern?
One air nozzle all is clogged, air nozzle is worn
Is the advantage of acrylic enamel?
One secured it will resist chemicals and whether better than uncatalyzed paint. It can be re-coated without lifting
Where is air pressure measured in a spraygun?
Only at the spraygun inlet
What should you do if you only have one pint of paint during the process of tinting?
Only use half of it in case you make a mistake by adding too much of one color component. This will save time and money
Where does the gun mix and atomize air and fluid in a suction feed spray gun?
Outside and in front of the air cap.
What type of seam sealers should be used?
Paintable seam sealers should be used when applying coatings
Once the vehicle is dry after you wash it what should you do?
Perform a solvent wash
What must you do to maintain a desiccant dryer?
Perform regular routine maintenance and periodic changes of the desiccant which can be dried and reused
What should you do when you an overall job?
Plan your moves
What type of components required and adhesion promoter to aid in the building surface tension for color codes?
Plastic components
What is the leading cause of loss of gloss in a paint job?
Poor exhaust flow from within the spray booth.
What is the most common reason for sags and runs?
Poor spraygun skills, improper gun adjustment, wrong air gun pressure, poor reduction and holding the gun too lose to the surface
How do you set up a blend panel?
Prepare the adjacent panel as you were the primary panel your painting. The same level of sanding removal and reinstallation of flush mounted moldings and masking is required.
What pressure does the high volume, high-pressure gun transfer of paint into the vehicle at?
Pressures of approximately 40 to 65 psi
What are used to cover existing finishes?
Primer-sealers
Name the types of coats
Primer-surfacers, etch primers, adhesion promoters and sealers
What is crucial to successful refinishing.?
Proper catalyzation of resins
What is important to do after a spray operation?
Purge the booth of overspray and solvent vapor.
What do some manufacturers recommend for raw, polyolfin bumper covers?
Put them in the bake cycle of a spray booth to "sweat" out the mold release- then clean as usual
What should you do after the new finish has dried?
Reattach decals, transfers, tapes, pinstripes and similar parts that were removed, reinstall trim, moldings, fasteners and hardware
What does the most popular HVLP gun type do?
Reduces the air pressure at the gun
Once you remove the part what must you do?
Remove all remnants of the adhesive used to fashion the moldings to the surface.
What's the first thing you do to prepare for refinishing?
Remove the trim, moldings, fasteners and hardware surrounding the area to be refinished
What is just as important as exhausting the solvent vapors from drying paint?
Removing overspray from the spray area
How can you check to see if there is clearcoat paint present?
Rub fine grit sandpaper on the surface on the damaged part - if present a white residue will appear
What has become is as important in the shop as a paint operation?
Safety.
What is the best way to strip in smaller areas?
Sandblasting
What's the simplest method of paint removal?
Sanding - which uses abrasive action
Name ways of leveling a surface for paint sanding
Scuff sand to remove nibs and dust specs with a 480 or 360 a paper
How do you prevent bleeding?
Seal the surface to painted
What should you do after you have identified the substrate of the vehicle?
Select the appropriate undercoat for application
What type of sand paper material is effective for sanding surfaces in paint preparation?
Silicone carbide
Name 2 man-made abrasive materials and 2 natural sourced abrasives
Silicone carbide and aluminum oxide or man-made and Flint and Emery are natural sources.
What are the two kinds of air caps on at HVLP spray gun?
Single orifice types and multi yet.
What are the different types of topcoats?
Single stage colors, clear coats, pearl coats and tinted clears
What type of paint is available in high solid formulations?
Single-stage colors and clearcoats
What kind of pads are available for use in wet sanding?
Soft pads
What should you do before you start to paint?
Spray a test panel on a vertical surface.
What is one way to illuminate the need for clearcoating test panels?
Spray the required base coat application on one side of a cellophane sheet. Let it dry and turn the sheet over to simulate its appearance under another a clearcoat
Why is static electricity hazardous in the shop painting area
Static electricity can ignite solvents and any number of other volatile fumes.
What is the serious risk to the painter in the shop that can happen when vehicles are being prepared for painting?
Static electricity.
What should you do if you see crows feet or checking on a surface?
Strip the finish.
What should you do if the paint thickness is greater than 15 mils?
Strip the paint
What should you do when we finishing a car with a deal laminating condition?
Strip the paint to bare metal as recommended by the manufacturer
Are the two types of high-pressure guns?
Suction feed and gravity feed.
What is available for use when refinishing product?
Tactical a data sheets
What can save material and time for the painter when applying a primer-surfacer?
Taking a colored undercoat to approximate the color of the top coat which reduces the number of coats to apply
What must be removed prior to refinishing?
Tape pinstripes, vinyl graphics, appliqués and all factory and or dealer applied lettering must be removed
What's another name for tape edges?
Tape tracking
What type of coatings are used to deflect stones in an effort to reduce chipping of the topcoats and to help prevent corrosion when the steel is exposed to the elements?
Textured coatings are used
What's an important environmental fact about basecoat application?
That the basecoat not be exposed to weather or elements
What is the spray pattern called?
The "fan"
What are the graduated mixing sticks also used for?
The addition of solvent
When applying paint its best to follow the manufacturers recommendations. Because air pressure is reduced at the air cap on HVLP equipment, where should the pressure be to maintain the manufacturers specification?
The air pressure at the spray gun inlet has to be made team to the manufactures specification
What is just as important as mixing the proper percentage of paint materials for paint performance?
The amount of solvent added
What is critical for the best result when using a spray gun?
The angle and the attitude of the spray gun to the surface being painted.
If a drop in pressure in the air compressor occurs what could this affect?
The appearance of a paint job.
What should be done if compounding doesn't remove the dullness?
The area will have to be cleaned, sanded and repainted
How does a desiccant dryer work?
The beads exponentially expand the surface area in the cylinder to provide a service to which the water condensation can be attached
What is the simplest type of water extractor?
The centrifugal design
Why is coating is applied at the factory in wheel housings and floor pans?
The coating is applied to help resist abrasion and vulnerable areas
What is an important piece of information with regard to mixing colors?
The date of manufacture of a vehicle
What is one problem associated with removing of moldings? especially around glass?
The difficulty of removing and reinstalling the part successfully (like a windshield)
Happens when the sealer has flashed off?
The dirt or dust contamination can be picked out of the finish or nib sanded prior to top final topcoat application
What happens when the spray gun is at an angle to the surface?
The distance of the air to the surface is increased and the finish will appear differently because the fan will be heavier on one side (meaning the application is uneven)
How can you tell if there isn't any clearcoat when you sand the damaged part?
The dust will be the same color as the paint
What shapes the airflow at the cap and determines the width of the spray pattern?
The fan width adjustment
What is one of the most important things when using a charcoal cartridge respirator one painting?
The fit on your face
How can you identify a suction feed gun?
The fluid tip extends slightly beyond the face of the air cap.
Where is the formula for mixing the color found in a mixing system?
The formula can be found in either a computerized system or in a microfiche catalog
What is the function of the spray gun needle?
The function is to direct the flow of material from the gun
What is the primary function of a sealer?
The function is to isolate the repaired area or irregular surface from the topcoat application and it solvents
What is the function of the spray gun fluid tip ?
The function is to meter the flow of material from the gun
How do you get the best coat which is a medium coat with a good flow out with hardly any orange peel and no sags?
The gun is clean and properly adjusted, the gun distance is OK, proper thinning, right amount of air, stroke is OK, overlap 50%, correct reducer or thinner
What controls both air and fluid flow in a suction feed gun?
The gun trigger.
What is one method to lift the edge of a T molding to serve as a temporary bridge during paint application?
The insertion of a nylon line or wire can help during painting application
How does the featheredge process get its name?
The layers of paint resemble feathers of a bird Dash E coat, primer, sealer, basecoat and clear
Why should an air compressor have drip legs?
The legs allow the condensation in the pipes to accumulate in drops
What two things are critical in regards to a drop in air pressure in the air compressor?
The length and diameter of the attached hose
Describe the different sand paper backing weight?
The lightest sandpaper is A weight, backings with more strength are C and D, Discs have backing of E,-weight, J-weight is like flexible cloth and X weight has a stretch- resistant backing
How do you neutralize acid rain damage?
The most common method used is the addition of baking soda in the sanding water
What is the aircap, fluid tip and needle unit referred to?
The nozzle combination
Does the paint flow in a gravity feed her again?
The paint flows into the tip by gravity
What happens if the materials for paint are not mixed properly in the right proportions?
The paint will not cure
What does the painter do after he sets up a blend panel?
The painter applies basecoat from the closest edge to the primary part and tapers the spray gradually into the blend panel.
What should the panels adjacent to the repair or replacement panels the question
The panels should be blended for color match
What is tinting?
The process of examining and or altering the color for a blendable for match
What is the amount of material that actually leaves the air cap of the spray gun depend on?
The size of the fluid tip opening when the needle is opened and unseated from the tip
What affects the spraying time and number of gun passes?
The spray pattern.
What are some tips for painting a panel related to stroke and trigger use?
The stroke should begin off of the painted surface and the trigger should be depressed as the beginning of the panel is approached. The trigger should be fully depressed until the end of the panel is raised and then slightly beyond it. Release the trigger slightly more than halfway at the end of a stroke, then depress it again as you return
What else is dependent upon the refinishing plan?
The surface preparation plan which maybe altered according to whether you are doing an overall job or spot repair and whether you are removing the existing finish from the panel
What is often the solution to spray gun problems?
The tip selection and air pressure
What should the fan control valve be set at with a gun to surface distance between 6 to 8 inches?
The valve should be said to give an 8 to 10 inch spray pattern
How can plastics be identified?
There are visible symbols embossed on the parts reversed side
Are primer sealer is typically sanded?
These are not typically sanded
How are texture coatings applied?
These coatings are often applied with specialty spray guns and applicators. The same precaution should be taken when using this equipment as are when applying paint materials
What causes corrosion problems?
These problems are almost always result of poor undercoat application
What are clearcoat products used in automotive refinishing made of?
These products are essentially urethane resin and catalyst, reduced to spray with the appropriate solvent (reducer). They are paints without pigment
How are corrosion products applied?
These products are often sprayed inside closed panels such as rockers, frame rails, inner quarters and cowl areas
Self-etching primers are designed to convert minor surface surface rust and to help protect the metal from further corrosion.
These types of primers have a high acid content and also contain chromates and VOCs. The acid etches and conditions the mental to promote adhesion.
How are seam sealers applied?
They are applied with brushes or caulk guns.
What are coverage cards?
They are cards that are printed with a black and white checkerboard design and can be used determine proper coverage.
Where are oil and water extractor is usually located?
They are commonly mounted directly on compressors and piggyback with air regulators at workstations
How are mechanical bonds created?
They are created by sanding or using other abrasives, such as a scuff pad or have a compound.
What are grit sizes designated by?
They are designated by numbers
What is the purpose of the primer-surfacer formulations?
They are formulated with a high solids content to build the surface, hide minor imperfections and provide a stable surface for sanding and finishing.
Where are the interior color codes found?
They are found along with the external color code information.
What are the corrosive preventative coatings known as?
They are known as wax-oil and cavity-wax
What a right-to-know laws?
They are laws that are designed to keep technicians informed of potential hazards that exist in the shop
What causes fish eyes?
They are localized surface contamination in the old finish, can also be caused by water and oil passing through air lines or dirty shop cleaning rags
Where are application materials and air mixed in a spray gun?
They are mixed in the air cap
What are water spots are usually caused by?
They are most commonly caused by exposure of insufficiently cured paint to weather or to water outside shop
How are taped edges produced?
They are produced when a paint film but up against masking tape
Besides topcoats giving the appearance of quality as desired by consumers what else do they do?
They are resistant to UV lights, chemicals and whether
What is rail dust?
They are tiny flakes of steel from train tracks that settled in a new car's finish.
What are the benefits of desiccant dryers?
They are very effective simple and require no power supply.
What problems do epoxy primers avoid if properly applied?
They avoid problems such as bleeding, peeling in sand-scratch swelling.
What is the advantage of glazing putty?
They can be applied over sanded paint for purposes of filling in minor nicks and paint chips.
Where are the manufactures color codes found on the vehicle?
They can be found on the drivers door jam, inside trunk lid , inside glove boxes or spare tire covers
What colors do you sealers come in?
They can be neutral in color such as gray or beige or can be clear
What forms do primer sealer undercoats come in?
They come in non-catalyzed into part urethane formulations
How do enamels differs from lacquer?
They do not "dry" or cure
How are sealers different from primer-surfacers?
They do not provide feeling characteristics and are not generally sanded
What is the drawback of epoxy primer?
They have a longer cure time and therefore take longer
How do short wave infrared drying lamps work to help accelerate the curing process?
They heat the steel vehicle body which really shortens cure times.
How does the sanding or compounding help create a mechanical bond?
They increase the surface area by cutting microscopic grooves into the finish which allows additional surfaces for the next paint film to attach to
What are the benefits of high solids ?
They increased productivity and reduction in VOC content.
What do fish eyes look like?
They look like small perfectly round craters that extend all the way to the substrate.
What do finger imprints look like on the finished surface?
They may show up as a series of waves.
How do transparency problems occur?
They mostly occur if the color is over reduced or not thoroughly mixed
How does checking and cracking occur?
They occur when lacquer loses its elasticity and when it is exposed to changing temperatures resulting n expansion and contraction of the substrate. improper undercoat, spraying heavy color coats, not stirring materials properly, not allowing flash time between coats are other reasons
Why are alternate colors listed with the formulas for the same color in a mixing system?
They represent the variations within the same factory color that can change according to build date, plant, VIN or OEM supplier
What do the fluid needle packing, air valve packing and the trigger bearing screw require?
They require daily lubrication with a non-silicone/non-petroleum gun lubricant
In general why most all primer-surfacer be sanded?
They should be sanded to ensure proper adhesion to the top coats finish
What is the advantage of a gravity feed spray gun?
They use don't need a compressor and less air pressure to atomize the paint
How do most painters hand sand?
They use water and a rubbing sound block using a simple back and forth scrubbing action.
Where do tape edges usually appear?
They usually appear inside the door jam
How do mil gauges work?
They work with magnetic attraction to the vehicle still body - the more paint between the two surfaces the greater the gauge reading
What is the advantage of a membrane dryer?
This dryer does not need any consumable supplies or electric power to operate although a periodic pre-filter change is required
What is the disadvantage of acrylic enamel?
This enamel has a tendency to lift faster than OEM coating
Why is urethane enamel the state of the art material?
This enamel provides durable, flexible, high-gloss finish for use in collision repair and overall work
What things do urethane enamels offer ?
This enamels offers resistance to chemicals, abrasion, weather and corrosion. It can expand and contract with the vehicle body.
What is flash?
This is the time required for the basecoat solvents to evaporate
What is solvent popping?
This is when undercoat have not been given ample time to dry. Often forced drying can cause this because the solvent is "boiled" in the basecoat and it blows holes through the clearcoat film
What does it mean when a sealer has flashed off?
This means that the solvents have evaporated
What causes lifting?
This results when the solvent attacks in existing finish, Aggressive or slow drying solvent
How does an after cooler or refrigerant dryer remove vapor, water or oil?
This system passes air through a refrigerant condenser which holds the compressed air and lowers the dew point thus removing the chance of water condensing in the air lines or the spray equipment
What should you do to allow for vibration in that air compressor?
Tighten the hold-down nuts on the tank legs and back off 2°
What is the purpose of the adhesion promoter when painting plastics?
To augment the given a mechanical "tooth"provided by sanding since not all areas can be equally sanded -
How can you prevent streaking?
To avoid this problem slightly increased production and air pressure.
Why should you use a spray sock over your head?
To keep spray out of your hair and your ear canals
What is the object of the blender panel?
To make any color variation between the existing finish and the new paint undetectable
Why is it important to plumb the airlines with a large diameter pipe?
To make sure that certain condensation formed in the pipes will drain back to the compressor
Why is it recommended that air compressors be located as far as possible from work areas?
To reduce worker exposure to noise.
How do you prevent surface contaminants?
Trace any source of contamination and maintain proper airflow in the spray booth.
What should you do if the material control valve does not prevent the trigger from opening completely?
Turn the valve in or clockwise until it begins to push the trigger forward
What catalyzed primer-surfacer is your best bet to prevent topcoat failures?.
Two component
What type of putty can be used to help correct surface imperfections after a primer-surfacer is applied and sanded?
Two-component putty
What creates a paint film beneath the color and topcoats?
Undercoats
What is considered in the state of the art materials for autumn motive refinishing?
Urethane enamel
What type of finish has replaced lacquer and enamel coatings?
Urethane one, two or three stage systems
What type of primer surfacer is suitable for either wet or dry sanding?
Urethane primer- surfacers
What is a safe and effective method to clear sanding residue and dry particles?
Use a pressure washer and give my car a detergent bath prior to the final stages of paint preparation.
How do you clean holes in an air cap?
Use a toothpick or other non-metallic device
What is one cardinal rule of tinting?
Use only those components that are already part of the paint formula.
What's the rule regarding the physical size of the object and spray pattern?
Use the largest possible spray pattern consistent with the object size
What is an important step in adding materials into the spraygun cup?
Using a strainer.
What is the most common method of chemical stripping for paint removal?
Using caustic lye solution
What can cause the paint to "skin over" and trap solvents underneath the finish?
Using heat guns or other non-approved heat sources
What are some terms for the variation in color matched system and what do they mean?
Value - lightness and darkness) Hue - color chroma - intensity,
Why is removing trim and moldings important regarding paint manufacturer warranties?
Warrantees require that a continuous film be applied to a panel from edge to edge.
What is one way to remove dirt and other contaminants from the dry basecoat finish?
Was specially tweezers.
What's the difference between acid rain damage in water spots?
Water spots are left behind when the paint cures WHILE it has standing drops or puddles on the finish. Acid rain etches into the paint AFTER the paint is cured
What factors can influence bad color matching?
Weathering, the improper reducer and improper application.
How did coverage card work?
What's the checkerboard pattern is no longer visible there is enough coverage and the basecoat is ready for theclear
Should you not use soft wet sanding pads?
When attempting to create a level of service where a repair has been completed
Name reasons when a factory finish should be stripped instead of used as a good substrate.
When it is shedding it's clear or topcoat, or other damage like elements, bird droppings, hail, scratches or abrasions
What is one thing that you should remember about abrasives?
When moving to a finer grit always advance to the next grade in the sequence.
How does a gravity feed spray gun work when the trigger is pulled back?
When the trigger is pulled back it makes contact with the air valve system which regulates the air. It then moves to the fluid needle, pulling it out of the fluid tip so paint can flow. When the trigger is released the process is reversed.
When does paint peel?
When there is no chemical bond and a mechanical bond with the substrate
What is blistering?
When too much thinner is in the color.
When should you use an air supply respirator?
When using a catalyzed paint, such as urethanes
What is featheredging?
When you taper the original surface into the metal finished area
When do you use Emery for sanding?
When you want a polishing abrasive
What should be included in your plan for refinishing?
Where to prepare the surface, where to blend, where to extend the clear to and how much material is applied. Also a plan for abrasive selection and refinish materials will be needed
What is blending within a panel?
Which when means a spot repair is made toward the center of a panel the painter is able to spot paint and blend the color within the panel itself. Then clearcoat is applies
How is the color tint weighed?
With a sensitive scale that must be cleaned and zeroed before each use
Once the substrate has been prepped how do you apply coatings of paint?
With a spray equipment
How was clearing the surface typically done?
With compressed air and a safety air nozzle. Remember to remove the dust particles from door jams hood and large openings
What are the downsides of sand blasting?
You can overheat panels and damage glass and moldings if you're not careful
What happens if you skip several grades of sand paper grit?
You forced the next grade to work harder making it less effective. Also the paper doesn't last as long
What do you have to do is rust spots are seen in the topcoat?
You must strip the topcoat to bare metal and re-apply the topcoat
How do you break down the spray gun for cleaning?
You remove the cap, fluid needle, tip vent tube and fan adjustment needle.
How should you keep the supply hose out of the way?
You should loop it over your shoulder and behind your neck
When do you use flint when sanding?
You use it on engine parts
This enamel uses acrylic resin activated by a hardener
acrylic enamel
Name three types of enamel
acrylic, polyurethane and polyoxithane.
what types of mil gauges are there?
analog and digital
Primer-surfacers are available in what formulations?
available in lacquer, enamel formulations
Why does lacquer dry very quickly?
because the thinner evaporates from the film.
What should be protected from overspray?
door jams, underhood areas, inside hatches and tailgates
The biggest challenge paint technicians face
duplicating the conditions that exist in the assembly plant
What is in an Epoxy primer?
epoxy resin and hardener containing solids containing solids to build surfaces.
What have paint manufacturers developed to allow the painter to mix precisely the amount of material necessary in their proper proportions?
graduated mixing sticks
Why is removing the mold release from plastic parts important?
if left on the part- adhesions problems are guaranteed and the paint will peel from the flexible part on minor impacts
What happens if you leave a self etching primer to dry over night?
it loses adhesion characteristics
What must you do if you leave a self etching primer to dry over night?
must be lightly scuffed or recoated before the topcoat application.
alkyd paint
rarely used in body shop due to its failure to fully cure which makes it susceptible to attack by recoating , chemicals and gasoline
Good holdout is
the topcoat's ability to retain gloss and shrink into surface imperfections.
What has made the biggest effect on paint technology?
the use of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and VOC-based products
How do primers work?
they aid the adhesion of new topcoat to the existing finish and help to isolate the conditions found on the original paint work and protect it from the effects of the subsequent coat solvents
What type of application does not require sanding?
wet on wet application in which the top coat is applied to an uncured undercoat
What is bleeding?
when red or maroon colors show though the lighter color sprayed over them.
What are the steps for correct the spraygun use?
1)Fill the gun cup with prepared paint. 2)Place the horns of the air in the vertical position. 3) Turn the fluid adjustment out to the recommended amount of the material being used. 4) Then turn the air adjustment out about half turn. 5) Use a test paper taped to a wall and spray a horizontal test pattern. 6)Spray until the paint begins to run, then shut the gun off 7) evaluate the paint for an elliptical even-width pattern of paint across the full width of the paper. The runs should be equal for the entire width. 8) If the pattern is normal, rotate the air so that the ears are horizontal on the spray is vertical. 9) Begin to spray panel, keep the gun at a 90° angle to the surface being painted
When using a spray gun, what areas should you paint first?
1)Paint the difficult complex shapes first (like a door jam 2)Then spray open ares of the panels
What are the five basic considerations involved in selecting nozzle combinations?
1)The gun being used 2)Type and viscosity of material 3) Available air volume (cubic feet per minute or cfm) and pressure (psi) 4) Physical size of the object being refinished 5) Desired speed and/or quality of the finish
Name three advantages of using water when sanding
1)The water ask as a lubricant making the paper cut better for a longer period of time. 2)It also constantly flashes paint from the sandpapers great pattern which speeds the process and extends the life of the paper 3)Cuts down on sanding dust and highlights in perfections when the water is removed with a representative