ASL 140 Midterm 2

Deafness has been called "the _____ handicap"

Invisible

Wh-questions (who, what, where,etc.) are accompanied by a _____________ of the eyebrows and a frown. Yes/No questions are expressed with a ___________of the brows.

Lowering, raising

In the 1970s, linguists studied contact sign which is an important source of language variation in the Deaf-World. What was it called?

Pidgin Sign English (PSE)

________ is an impromptu blend of American Sign Language and American English Signs.

Pidgin Signed English

What are the two basic approaches to analyzing languages?

Prescriptive and descriptive approach

What is register?

Register refers to variation in language according to the formality or informality called for by the social situation

__________have limited language skills in both English and ASL.

Semi-linguals

What are the"big four" minority languages in the U.S.?

Spanish, Italian, German, and French

What approach to analyzing languages examines the rules of the language in a way an instructor or language book might teach grammar?

The prescriptive approach

True or False: 90% of Deaf adults have hearing children.

True

True or False: A "Hearing-But" is a label designated for hearing people who have exhibited an extraordinarily positive attitude toward Deaf people and a deep respect for Deaf Culture in general.

True

True or False: ASL abounds in signs for abstract ideas, such as soul privilege, fake and abstract.

True

True or False: ASL has many more pronouns that refer to things than to people.

True

True or False: ASL is a visual/spatial/gestural language that cannot be written or spoken.

True

True or False: ASL is now recognized and accepted by the majority of linguists and the academic community as a legitimate language, with the ability to express and thought, idea, or concept, just like spoken language.

True

True or False: ASL, like any language, has the capacity to meet the needs of its linguistic community in expressing specific thoughts, ideas, and feelings, as well as abstract concepts.

True

True or False: Deaf children "babble" (manually) before producing their first words in signed language.

True

True or False: Deaf children are much less protected from cultural and linguistic discrimination than children from other minority groups.

True

True or False: Deaf children inherit their sign languages and cultures and are able to pass onto other Deaf children.

True

True or False: Deaf people in America are best described as being bilingual because they use 2 languages, ASL and English. However, Deaf people's linguistic competence can vary greatly in both English and ASL.

True

True or False: For Deaf people, the vocabulary of ASL is rich in descriptors relating to the Deaf experience, with many signs having no simple equivalent or translation in English.

True

True or False: For years, misconceptions about ASL were prevalent. It was long believed that signs were just English words and grammar represented on the hands.

True

True or False: In ASL, wh- questions (who what where, etc.) are accompanied by a lowering of the eyebrows and a frown; yes/no questions are expressed with a raising of the brows.

True

True or False: In addition to family and educational background, geographic region contributes to variation in ASL grammar and vocabulary.

True

True or False: In particular, the child performs some of the regular changes in movements of verbs, called inflections, showing how an action is carried out, whether it is, for example, habitual, continuing, or repetitive.

True

True or False: It is impossible to separate language from culture, as the elements of a language reflect the values of the community ASL is an unmistakable marker of the Deaf community.

True

True or False: It was long believed that signs were just English words and grammar represented on the hands.

True

True or False: Like all language, ASL continues to evolve, to become even more efficient, and add terms for new innovations

True

True or False: Many Deaf people are bilingual because they live and interact among both deaf and hearing.

True

True or False: One rule in ASL requires that if both hands are moving in a sign, then the handshapes, locations and movements of the 2 hands must be the same.

True

True or False: Sign Language changes over time due to its need to adapt to modern day society.

True

True or False: Signed and spoken language acquisition follows identical stages of development in children.

True

True or False: Signed and spoken language follow identical stages of development which are babbling, first word stage, two word stage, stage of word modification and rules for sentences.

True

True or False: The "Bilingual- Bicultural" approach uses ASL in the classroom to teach English.

True

True or False: The "focal vocabulary" of a language is representative of both common things in the culture and highly valued aspects of the culture.

True

True or False: The newest trend in Deaf education, the "Billingual-Bicultural" approach, uses ASL in the classroom to teach English.

True

True or False: The set of 26 handshapes is called the manual alphabet.

True

True or False: There is a black variety of ASL used by Deaf adults in the South that arose in school for black Deaf children before desegregation.

True

True or False: When members of the Deaf World come in contact with hearing people, who have limited knowledge of ASL, they often change to a different signed language variety, called "contact sign".

True

The smallest unit of a word or sign, whether it be spoken, written, or signed is a: a. Parameter b. Non-manual sign c. Morpheme d. Verb

c, Morpheme

Signed and spoken language acquisition follow identical stages of development including: a. babbling b. first-word stage c. second-word stage d. stage of word modification and rule for sentences e. all of the above

e. all of the above

What does NMS stand for and what does it mean? Please give an example.

non-manual signals, example-raised eyebrows for questions

Language had 3 fundamental roles in bonding a group of speakers to one another and to their culture. List them:

A symbol of social identity, a medium of social interaction, and a store of cultural knowledge. ASL fulfills all of these.

True or False: ASL is a universal language.

False

True or False: ASL is a written language.

False

True or False: ASL is continued to be rejected by the linguists and the academic community as a legitimate language.

False

True or False: ASL uses the same grammar that is used in the English language.

False

True or False: According to the Total Communication philosophy, attention should focus on the group's needs over individual needs of each deaf child.

False

True or False: Attempts to use ASL signs to represent English in artificial ways are accepted by most members of the Deaf community.

False

True or False: Manually Coded English (MCE), like SEE1 or SEE2 (Signed Exact English), is a grammatically correct adaptation of ASL.

False

True or False: There are similarities between Braille and ASL.

False

True or False: Word for word transcriptions of ASL (glosses) accurately represent the grammar and complexity of ASL.

False

True or False: As a visual means of communication, ASL is considered to be a pictorial language.

False

True or False: Sign language is pictorial.

False

True or False: Signed language is pictorial.

False

What is a "specialized set of terms and distinctions that is particularly important to a certain group"?

Focal vocabulary

"At US schools for the deaf, ASL was freely used both inside and outside of the classroom during the first 60 or so years'" what was this period referred to as?

Golden Age

List the 7 basic building blocks of ASL:

Handshapes, location, movements, non-manual signals (NMS), palm orientation, hand arrangement, point of contact

"The Conference of Educational Administrators Serving the Deaf (CEASD) defines TC (total communication) as 'a philosophy incorporating the appropriate _______, ________ and ________ modes of communication in order to ensure effective communication with and among hearing-impaired persons'"

Aural, manual, oral

How would a Deaf couple communicate in the dark?

By using tactile sign language

ASL was developed by Deaf people themselves when the American Deaf Community was initially organized with the establishment of the first school for the Deaf in 1817. Where was this school? A. Vermont B. New York C. Connecticut D. Pennsylvania

C. Connecticut

In ASL, which factors could influence sign production? A. Educational background B. Parental hearing status C. Inclination to think in ASL or English D. All of the above

D. All of the above

The set of 26 handshapes in all is called the manual alphabet.

True

When is it appropriate to go out of your personal signing space?

When you are in theatre because you have to be very dramatic.

All languages are grouped into two categories or types. Name the two categories or types of languages and give one example of each.

a. Word order languages (example-English) b. Inflectional languages (example-ASL)

When was the first school for the deaf established? a. 1890 b. 1817 c. 1825 d. 1840:

b. 1817

What percent of ASL is derived from FSL (French Sign Language)? a. 50% b. 60% c. 20% d. 40%

b. 60%

ASL is structurally closer to ___________than English. a. French b. Navajo c. Spanish d. Arabic

b. Navajo

In ASL, when it comes to portraying space, which comes first? a. the object to be located b. the setting in which the object is used

b. the setting in which the object is used