Assessment and Testing

A true/false test has ______ recognition items

dichotomous

The ______ approach yields a within-person analysis

ipsative

Which is more important, validity or reliability?

validity

What does a reliability coefficient of .70 mean

70% is accurate while 30% is not

worked to create the first standardized IQ test

Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon

takes place when a researcher further examines the criterion validity

Cross-validation

In a ______ test you have several sections which are spiral in nature

Cyclical

the process of assessing or estimating attributes

Appraisal

What is a normative test format?

Each item is independent of all other items

The relationship or correlation of a test to an independent measure or trait is known as For example, a client who has a snake phobia is then exposed to a snake and experiences extreme panic. If the client scores higher on the test than he would in a relaxed state, then this would be displayed

Convergent validity

simply means that you are presented with two opposing choices

Dichotomy

______ testing has been the center of more heated debates among experts than any other type of testing

IQ

Created the black intelligence test of cultural homogeneity to demonstrate that African Americans often excelled when given a test laden with questions whose answers would be familiar to members of the African American community

Robert Williams

The IQ formula has been replaced by the

Standard age score SAS

In a _______ ______, several measures are used to produce results that could be more accurate than those derived from merely using a single source

Test battery

a ______ test would have versions for various age brackets or levels of education (ie; a math acheivement test for preschoolers and a version for middle school children)

Vertical

What is shrinkage

When the cross-validation coefficient is indeed smaller than the initial validity coefficient

The group IQ test movement began

With the army alpha and armly beta in world war I

Francis Galton felt that intelligence was

a single or so0called unitary factor A unitary faculty

5 types of validity

content: rational or logical. Does the test examine or sample the behavior under scrutiny? Construct: refers to a test's ability to measure a theoretical construct like intelligence, self-esteem, artistic, mechanical ability or managerial position Concurrent: deals with how well the test compares to other instruments that are intended for the same purpose predictive/empirical: Reflects the test's ability to predict future behavior according to established criteria consequential: tries to ascertain the social implications of using tests

a popular family therapy/systems theory term that means that dysfunctional families are either too open or too closed

entropy

A short answer test is an _____ test

free choice/free response

projective tests rely on what format?

free response

A test battery is considered a ______ test

horizontal

IQ means

intelligence quotient

a good times speed test is purposely set up so that _______ finishes it

nobody

In a ______ test the items get progressively more difficult

spiral

To demonstrate the variance of one factor accounted for by another????

square the correlation (.70X.70)=.49

The format of an essay test is considered an _____ format

subjective

One method of testing reliability is to give the same test to the same group of people two times and then correlate the scores this is called

test-retest reliability

A counselor doing research decided to split a standardized test in half by using the even items as one test and the odd items as a second test and then correlating them. The counselor

the split half-correlation method

When a test is guided via a theory, it is known as a ________ - _______ test or inventory.

theory based

J.P. Guilford isolated 120 factors which added up to intelligence. He also is remembered for his

thoughts on convergent and divergent thinking

a valid test is _____ reliable

always

________ measures compare traits within the same individual; they do not compare a person to other persons who took the instrument. Cannot legitimately be compared to others who have taken the test

Ipsative

often used to investigate personality traits, involves a procedure in which an individual is given cards with statements and asked to place them in piles of "most like me" to "least like me".

Q-short

The Ipsative measure does not reveal

absolute strengths

Construct validity refers to the extent that a test measures an abstract trait or psychological notion. An example would be a. height b. weight c. ego strength d. the ability to name all men who have served as us presidents

c. ego strength

Any trait that you cannot "directly" measure or observe can be considered a ________

construct

claimed he invented an electronic machine to analyze neural efficiency and take the place of the paper and pencil IQ test

Jon Ertl

Today, the Stanford-Binet IQ test is A. a nonstandardized measure B. a standardized measure C. a projective measure D. B and C

b. a standardized measure

true variance could also be referred to as

coefficient of determination

______ validity could be concurrent or predictive

criterion

a _____ interpretation is one in which the individual's score is evaluated by comparing it to others who took the same test

Normative

In an _______ test the rater's judgment plays little or no part in the scoring process

Objective

One method of testing reliability is to give the same population alternate forms of the indentical test. Each form will have the same psychometric/statistical properties as the original instrument. This is known as

equivalent or alternate forms of reliability

a power test is designed to evaluate what

the level of mastery without a time limit

The first intelligence test was created by

Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon

responsible for the fluid and crystallized intelligence

Raymond B. Cattell

items are known to the subject regardless of his or her culture in a

culture-fair test

A career counselor is using a test for job selection purposes. An acceptable reliability coefficient would be _______ or higher.

80%

The Black versus White IQ controversy was sparked mainly by a 1969 article written by _______.

Arthur Jensen

Best explained intelligence via a two factor theory

Charles Spearman

this means the test will not reflect unreleated variables. Hence if phobias are unreleated to the IQ, then when one correlates clients IQ scores to their scores on the test for phobias, this should prodice a near zero correlation

Discriminant

The NCE and CPCE would be examples of an _______ test. Free-choice or forced-choice?

Forced choice

The Kuder career planning instruments are _______ format

Ipsative

When a colleague tells you that Mr. Johnson's anxiety is improving, she has given you an _______ description

Ipsative

Lary P. V. Wilson Riles, Superintendent of public instruction, state of California: The wechsler and Binet on trial

It was initially ruled that IQ tests were racially biased against African American children who were overly represented in EMR classes based on IQ scores

_____ validity answers the question of how well your test stacks up against well-established instruments that measure the same behavior, construct, or trait

concurrent

The _______ index indicates the percentage of individuals who answered each item correctly

difficulty

Simon and Binet pioneered the first IQ test around 1905. The test was created to

discriminate children without an intellectual disability from children with an intellectual disability

measures various factors (ie; math and science) during the same testing procedure

horizontal

a 9-year-old task was defined as what?

in which one half of the 9-year-olds tested could answer successfully

refers to a test's ability to improve predictions when compared to existing measures that purport to facilitate selection in buisness or educational settings

incremental validity

The NCE is an _____ test because the scoring procedure is specific

objective

________ items give the examinee two or more alternatives

recognition

a test can be _______ yet not _____

reliable; valid

a 0.5 difficulty index would suggest what

that 50% of those tested answered the question correctly while 50% did not

_____ refers to whether the test measures what it says it measures while _______ tells how consistent a test measures an attirbute

validity; reliability

_______ did research and concluded that intelligence was normally distributed like height or weight and that it was primarily genetic

Francis Galton

How to measure the internal consistency reliability of a test without divding the test in half

The Kuder-Richardson coefficients of equivalence (KR-20 or KR-21)

used to describe the process by which a test is refined and becomes more valid as contradictory items are dropped

incremental validity

this method is also called "scorer reliability" and is utilized with subjective tests such as projectives to ascertain whether the scoring criteria are such that two graders will produce roughly the same score

inter-rater/inter-observer

explain a scale in terms of validity and reliability

it must measure weight in terms of validity and must give repeated readings which are nearly identical for reliability

A reliability coefficient of 1.00 indicates

a perfect score which has no error.

a job test which predicted future performance on a job very well would a. have high criterion/predictive validity b. have excellent face validity c. have excellent construct validity d. not have incremental validity or synthetic validity

a. have a high criterion/predictive validity

If _________ validity is evident, a counselor who is genuinely qualified to sit for a state licensing exam should score higher on the exam than a student who flunked an introductory course

discriminant

The number one factor in the construction of a test

validity