AST 104 - Ch. 1-4 Review

Which of the following types of light has the longest wavelength? A) Infrared B) Radio waves C) Ultraviolet D) X-rays E) Visible F) Gamma rays

B) Radio waves

Which of the following types of light travels at the fastest speed? A) Infrared B) Radio waves C) Ultraviolet D) X-rays E) Visible F) Gamma rays G) All types of light travel at the same speed.

G) All types of light travel at the same speed.

What type of spectrum is produced when the light emitted directly from a hot, dense object passes through a prism? A) Continuous spectrum B) Emission spectrum C) Absorption spectrum

A) Continuous spectrum

What type of materials tend to produce an absorption spectrum when white light is passed through the material? A) Cool, low-density gas B) Hot, low-density gas C) Cool, high-density gas D) Hot, high-density gas

A) Cool, low-density gas

Who first proposed the heliocentric model of the Solar System during the 1500's? A) Copernicus B) Kepler C) Newton D) Galileo E) Ptolemy

A) Copernicus

Kepler's third law describes the relationship between how long it takes a planet to orbit a star (orbital period) and how far away that planet is from the star (orbital distance). Let's consider an imaginary planetary system that has an average star, like the Sun, at the center and two planets. A huge Jupiter-like Jovian planet named Esus orbits close to the star, while a small Earth-like, terrestrial planet named Sulis is in an orbit far away around the star. Which of the two planets do you think will move around the central star in the least amount of time? A) Esus B) Sulis C) Both will take the same amount of time.

A) Esus

Where would you look to see the Sun when the full Moon starts to rise? A) In the western horizon B) In the southern horizon C) In the northern horizon D) High in the sky E) In the eastern horizon

A) In the western horizon

Where on Earth would you be if Polaris were at your zenith? A) North Pole B) Arctic Circle C) Tropic of Cancer D) It lies directly overhead everywhere on Earth. E) Equator

A) North Pole

Where on Earth can a solar eclipse be observed (as long as the sky is clear)? A) Only on a small region of the Earth that is experiencing daytime. B) On the entire surface of the Earth. C) On the entire half of Earth that is experiencing nighttime. D) Only on a small portion of the Earth that is experiencing nighttime. E) On the entire half of Earth that is experiencing daytime.

A) Only on a small region of the Earth that is experiencing daytime.

During which season is the Sun highest in the sky at noon? A) Summer B) Winter C) Fall D) Spring

A) Summer

What time does the New Moon rise? A) Sunrise B) Midnight C) Sunset D) Noon

A) Sunrise

If the Moon is a full Moon tonight, will the Moon be waxing or waning one week later? Which side of the Moon (right or left) will appear illuminated at this time? A) Waning, left B) Waning, right C) Waxing, left D) Waxing, right

A) Waning, Left

Epicycles are needed in the geocentric model to explain why: A) planets seem to vary in brightness and exhibit retrograde motion. B) Some planets are brighter than others. D) The Sun rises and sets. E) All planets cannot necessarily be seen on any given night.

A) planets seem to vary in brightness and exhibit retrograde motion.

What type of spectrum is produced when the light emitted directly from a hot, low-density cloud of gas passes through a prism? A) Continuous spectrum B) Emission spectrum C) Absorption spectrum

B) Emission spectrum

What are constellations? A) Ancient story boards, useless to modern astronomers. B) Groups of stars making an apparent pattern in the celestial sphere. C) Apparent groupings of stars and planets visible on a given evening. D) Groups of galaxies gravitationally bound and close together in the sky.

B) Groups of stars making an apparent pattern in the celestial sphere.

What type of materials tend to produce an emission spectrum? A) Cool, low-density gas B) Hot, low-density gas C) Cool, high-density gas D) Hot, high-density gas

B) Hot, low-density gas

Where would you look to see the new Moon, if it were visible, when it starts to rise? What time would this happen? A) Look towards the western horizon at 6:00 AM B) Look towards the eastern horizon at 6:00 AM C) Look towards the western horizon at 6:00 PM D) Look towards the eastern horizon at 6:00 PM

B) Look towards the eastern horizon at 6:00 AM

Would the difference in latitutde between the Northern and Southern Hemipshere be the cause of seasons? A) Yes B) No

B) No

Consider the following discussion between two students about the cause of the seasons. Student 1: I get it. So since Earth is tilted, there are times when the northern part of Earth is closer to the Sun than the southern part. So the north has summer and the south has winter. And then later, the south is tilted toward the Sun and gets closer and has summer. Student 2: I disagree. Although the tilt does bring one hemisphere closer to the Sun, the difference in distance between the northern half and southern half of Earth is really small compared to how far away Earth is from the Sun. Which student is correct? A) Student 1 B) Student 2 C) Neither are correct. D) Both are correct.

B) Student 2

During which season is the number of daylight hours the greatest? A) Winter B) Summer C) Spring D) Fall

B) Summer

The time it takes a planet to orbit around the Sun depends on: A) The mass of the planet B) The distance the planet is from the Sun C) The time it take neighboring planets to orbit around the Sun D) The distance that neighboring planets are from the Sun

B) The distance the planet is from the Sun

Which of the following is true for the vernal equinox? A) There are less than 12 hours of daylight everywhere on Earth. B) There are exactly 12 hours of daylight everywhere on Earth. C) There are more than 12 hours of daylight in the Northern Hemisphere and less than 12 hours of daylight in the Southern Hemisphere. D) There are more than 12 hours of daylight everywhere on Earth.

B) There are exactly 12 hours of daylight everywhere on Earth.

The visible color of electromagnetic radiation with the shortest wavelength is: A) Yellow B) Violet C) Red D) Blue E) Green F) Orange

B) Violet

A solid, glowing-hot object will emit light over the full range of wavelengths resulting in a continuous spectrum. If a diffuse and relatively cool cloud of gas is located between the glowing, hot object and an observer, what type of spectrum will the observer detect coming out of the cloud? A) Continuous spectrum B) Emission spectrum C) Absorption spectrum

C) Absorption spectrum

When an object is transiting, it is: A) Setting B) Rising C) At its highest point in the sky. D) Not visible due to cloud coverage. E) Below the horizon.

C) At its highest point in the sky.

Imagine both Esus and Sulis were in orbit around the same central star at the same distance and that their orbital positions would never intersect (so that they would never collide). Which of the two planets do you think will move around the central star in the least amount of time? A) Esus B) Sulis C) Both will take the same amount of time.

C) Both will take the same amount of time.

Which of the following people used epicycles to explain the retrograde motion of the planets while maintaining a geocentric model of the solar system? A) Copernicus B) Galileo C) Ptolemy D) Tycho E) Newton

C) Ptolemy

During a solar eclipse... A) The Moon passes into the shadow of the Earth. B) The Earth passes into the shadow of the Sun. C) The Earth passes into the shadow of the Moon.

C) The Earth passes into the shadow of the Moon.

The total energy emitted by a blackbody can be qualitatively determined by: A) Both of these B) None of these C) The area under its blackbody curve D) The wavelength of its blackbody peak

C) The area under its blackbody curve

Which of the following describes Kepler's First Law? A) The planets orbit the Sun in circular paths. B) The planets orbit the Earth in circular paths. C) The planets orbit the Sun in elliptical paths. D) The planets orbit the Earth in elliptical orbits. E) The area swept out by a line between the Sun and a planet is constant for constant periods of time. F) The period of an orbit squared is proportional to the average distance of a planet from the Sun cubed.

C) The planets orbit the Sun in elliptical paths.

Which of the following is true for the autumnal equinox? A) There are more than 12 hours of daylight everywhere on Earth. B) There are less than 12 hours of daylight everywhere on Earth. C) There are exactly 12 hours of daylight everywhere on Earth. D) There are more than 12 hours of daylight in the northern hemisphere and less than 12 hours of daylight in the southern hemisphere.

C) There are exactly 12 hours of daylight everywhere on Earth.

Why are the phases of Venus that Galileo observed at odds with the geocentric model? A) Venus would not be expected to significantly change size. B) Venus would not appear "new" as the Moon does. C) Venus would not appear "full" as the Moon does.

C) Venus would not appear "full" as the Moon does.

The tilt of the Earth's rotational axis is: A) 5.2 Degrees B) 90 Degrees C) 0 Degrees D) 23.5 Degrees

D) 23.5 Degrees

Imagine a planet whose rotational axis is perpendicular to its orbital plane. How would you describe its seasons? A) Longer than those on Earth. B) Shorter than those on Earth. C) The same as those on Earth. D) Constant

D) Constant

Which of the following people first used telescopic observations to support the idea of a heliocentric model (but was not the first to propose the heliocentric model)? A) Copernicus B) Kepler C) Brahe D) Galileo E) Ptolemy

D) Galileo

During the New Moon phase, how much of the Moon's total surface is being illuminated by sunlight? A) None B) More than half C) Less than half D) Half

D) Half

What type of materials tend to produce a continuous spectrum? A) Cool, low-density gas B) Hot, low-density gas C) Cool, high-density gas D) Hot, high-density gas

D) Hot, high-density gas

Where would you look to see the full Moon when it starts to rise? What time would this happen? A) Look towards the western horizon at 6:00 AM B) Look towards the eastern horizon at 6:00 AM C) Look towards the western horizon at 6:00 PM D) Look towards the eastern horizon at 6:00 PM

D) Look towards the eastern horizon at 6:00 PM

Galileo's discovery of the Moons of Jupiter was shocking because it showed those who believed the Earth to be the center of the Universe that: A) A planet could have more than one moon. B) Gravity could hold a moon in orbit. C) Jupiter does not move. D) Moons could orbit around a moving planet, and not everything has to revolve around Earth.

D) Moons could orbit around a moving planet, and not everything has to revolve around Earth.

What time does the 3rd Quarter Moon Set? A) Sunrise B) Midnight C) Sunset D) Noon

D) Noon

What time does the New Moon transit? A) Sunrise B) Midnight C) Sunset D) Noon

D) Noon

What is (are) the cause(s) of the seasons on Earth? A) The number of daylight hours. B) The distance between the Sun and Earth only. C) The tilt of the Earth's rotational axis only. D) The tilt of the Earth's rotational axis AND the number of daylight hours. E) The tilt of the Earth's rotational axis AND the distance between the Sun and the Earth.

D) The tilt of the Earth's rotational axis AND the number of daylight hours.

Kepler's Third Law applies to: A) A satellite around a planet. B) A planet around the Sun. C) A comet around the Sun. D) A planet around a star other than the Sun. E) All of the above

E) All of the above

Kepler's Second Law states that: A) The planets orbit the Sun in circular paths. B) The planets orbit the Earth in circular paths. C) The planets orbit the Sun in elliptical paths. D) The planets orbit the Earth in elliptical orbits. E) The area swept out by a line between the Sun and a planet is constant for constant periods of time. F) The period of an orbit squared is proportional to the average distance of a planet from the Sun cubed.

E) The area swept out by a line between the Sun and a planet is constant for constant periods of time.

Of all the types of electromagnetic radiation, the type with the highest energy is: A) Infrared B) Radio waves C) Ultraviolet D) X-rays E) Visible F) Gamma rays

F) Gamma rays

Which of the following types of light has the greatest energy? A) Infrared B) Radio waves C) Ultraviolet D) X-rays E) Visible F) Gamma rays

F) Gamma rays

Which type of light has the highest frequency? A) Infrared B) Radio waves C) Ultraviolet D) X-rays E) Visible F) Gamma rays

F) Gamma rays

The visible color of electromagnetic radiation with the lowest energy is: A) Blue B) Violet C) Green D) Orange E) Yellow F) Red

F) Red

Kepler's Third Law states that: A) The planets orbit the Sun in circular paths. B) The planets orbit the Earth in circular paths. C) The planets orbit the Sun in elliptical paths. D) The planets orbit the Earth in elliptical paths. E) The area swept out by a line between the Sun and a planet is constant for constant periods of time. F) The period of an orbit squared is proportional to the average distance of a planet from the Sun cubed.

F) The period of an orbit squared is proportional to the average distance of a planet from the Sun cubed.