astronomy review

Earth travels in January and slowest in July. What is the most likely explanation for this?

earth is nearest the sun in January and farthest from in July

all of the frequencies or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiationelectromagnetic spectrum

electromagnetic spectrum

how do we study deep space?

electromagnetic spectrum

how are stellar spectra used to identify a star's characteristics?

elements emit or absorb specific regions of the spectrum, match spectrum with known elements

large groups of stars, gas and dust

galaxies

star clusters are groups of

galaxies

for most stars, what does a higher temperature tend to go with?

higher luminosity

the sun contains spectral lines from neutral sodium and calcium as well as ionized magnesium and iron. what is the surface temperature of the sun?

5,800 K

the affect on wavelength produced by direction of travel

Doppler effect

when is the Earth closest to the sun?

December

rocks that exist in space

asteroids

which element is not represented in the star spectrum below?

helium

the distance light travels in a year

light year

we live in the __ galaxy

milky way

what affects the length of a planet's year?

distance from the sun

an apparent shift on the position of an object when viewed from a different position of orbit

parallax

of the named stars in the constellation Orion, which is the brightest?

rigel

how do white dwarfs compare with super giants, in terms of temperature and luminosity

white dwarfs are cooler and have lower luminosity than super giants

what type of galaxy has arms and a center bulge?

a spiral galaxy

which location on the graph best represents a star with average brightness and temperature?

a) white dwarfs

which planets have ring?

jupiter, saturn, uranus, neptune

large massive blobs of stars that look like spheres

elliptical

an object moving away from observation will decrease frequency and sounds deeper with a lower pitch

red shift

The big bang theory, describing the creation of the universe, is most directly supported by the

red shift of light from distant galaxies

a bulge in the center and arm spiraling out from the center

spiral (ex: milky way)

Earth's orbit is nearly circular ellipse with the sun at one focus. How would its orbit change if Earth were twice as massive?

the orbit would not change at all

the spectrum of a distant star contains sodium lines that are offset from their normal position. what is the explanation?

the star is moving rapidly toward us

in the 1920s, Edwin Hubble looked at the spectra of stars from distant galaxies. To his surprise he found that all of these spectra were red-shifted, and that the more distant the galaxy, the greater the red-shift. What is a reasonable conclusion from this evidence?

the universe is expanding

for a standard HR diagram, what are the stars in the lower left region?

white dwarfs

cloud of gasses and dust; birth place of stars

nebulas

what is the correct order of the objects from smallest to largest?

planet, star, solar system, galaxy, universe

according to the diagram, the life cycle path followed by a star is determined by the star's initial

mass and size

an asteroid that has entered the atmosphere and burns up

meteor

a meteor that does not burn up and impacts earth''s surface

meteorite

how does a stellar parallax depend on distance?

the farther the star, the smaller its parallax

In our solar system, the constant "k" in Kepler's third law is equal to 1 if AU and earth years are used. Suppose astronauts found a new planet, very close to the sun. if the average distance from the planets to the sun were 1/4 AU, how long would the planets period be?

1/8 of an earth year

scientists discover two planets orbiting a distant star. the average distance from the star to Planet A is 4 AU, and it takes 432 Earth days for Planet A to orbit the star. If it takes 1,460 days for planet B to complete an orbit, what is the average distance from planet B to the star?

9 AU

the two images below show the area swept out by the same planet during two separate time spans. If the first picture represents the area swept out during a time of "A" days and the second represents the area swept out during a time of "B" days, which is true?

A > B

using this picture of the moon taken using the SkyView app, at which position would the moon be in 2 hours?

D

when is the Earth farthest from the sun?

June

an object moving toward observation will increase frequency and sounds higher and has a higher pitch

blue shift

tails that always point away from the sun; icy rocks that orbit the sun

comets

what is the difference between a red-shift and a blue-shift of a star's spectrum?

if the emission/ absorption lines are shifted towards the blue end = moving towards...shifted towards the red end= away

according to the big band theory, which graph best represents the relationship between time and the size of the universe from the beginning of the universe to the present

increases

galaxies that do not fit the other two categories

irregular

list the planets from largest to smallest?

jupiter, saturn, neptune, uranus, earth, venus, mars, mercury

what accounts for how bright a star appears to an observer?

luminosity and distance to observer

what would account for how bright a star appears?

luminosity, distance to observer

a large explosion when a massive star collaspses

supernova

stellar parallax is

the apparent motion of a star over a year

the theory that the universe began with a tremendous explosion

the big bang theory