Astronomy
What evidence is there that the moons of the outer planets are geologically active
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What process describes the sinking of heavy elements towards the earth's center
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How long did it take planets to form in our solar system
10 million years
How big is jupiter compared to the earth
20x bigger
What was it composed of originally
3 gases- nitrogen, carbon dioxide, oxygen
How hot is the earth at the center
5-7000 degrees
Size of the earth
8,000 miles
What is the average atmospheric pressure on venus compared to earth
90 times that of earth
How much CO2 is in the earth's atmosphere today compared to the early earth
A lot less
How fast are continents moving apart on earth
As fast as fingernails- 1 cm a year
What happened to all of the planetesimals
Astroids and comets -Astroids (inside frost line), comets (outside frost line)
Why do uranus and neptune appear blue
Blue light reflects of methane clouds
How is earth's magnetic field produced
Convection in the outer core
What drives plate tectonics on the earth
Convection in the upper mantle
What is the internal structure of the earth
Core, mantle, lithosphere, crust
What drives the weather on earth
Corialis effect
How can we estimate the age of a planetary surface
Craters (more=older)
What evidence is there for water on mars
Dried river beds
On which planets have dust devils been observed
Earth/mars
Which moon of jupiter may have a subterranean ocean
Europa
Why are the moons of the outer planets so geologically active
Ice melts at lower temperatures
Where did the moon come from
Impact theory
What are saturn's rings made of
Impacts on moon orbiting planets
Which moon of jupiter looks like pizza
Io
Which planets have hydrogen and helium in their atmospheres
Jovian planets
Which planets are geologically active?
Jupiter, venus
What is the average atmospheric pressure on mars compared to earth
Less than 1%
If you were to travel beneath the cloud deck of jupiter what would you encounter
Liquid hydrogen ocean
Which planet is closest in surface temperature to the earth
Mars
What is the origin of saturn's rings
Numerous tiny individual particles
What would the earth be like without greenhouse gases
Only be heated by it's core and rays of sun
Where did the atmosphere of the earth come from
Out gasing of volcanoes
Planetesimal theory of planet formation
Planets were formed from a collision of planetesimals
Why do volcanoes on earth form and where
Plate tectonics, caused by convection in the upper mantle. Formed between 2 tectonic plates
Why are Jovian planets so much more massive than terrestrial planets
Rock and ice planetismals
If a space probe orbiting a planet measures a magnetic field, what does that tell you about the planet's interior
That there's a magnetic field
What is a runaway green house effect
The theory that when a planet that has large quantities of greenhouse gases in liquid or solid form, it could experience an atmospheric change that causes these substances to completely gasify, thereby dramatically increasing the planet's temperature
Which moon in the solar system has a thick atmosphere
Titan
Which moon of saturn has a thick atmosphere
Titan
Which planet is closest in size to the earth
Venus
What are some prominent surface features on mars
Volcanos, valleys, dried river beds
What determines if a planet will be terrestrial or jovian
Where the planet is formed in the disk- inside frost line (terrestrial), outside frost line (jovian)
Are there any planetesimals still around
Yes
What is the great red spot of jupiter
a storm twice as wide as earth, been around for 3 centuries
What is the kuiper belt
disc shaped region of icy objects found beyond neptune
What is jupiter and saturn mostly made of
hydrogen and helium
What is the oort cloud
icy planetesimals surrounding the sun
Where does jupiter get most of its warmth
radiates energy, energy comes from slow contraction of interior
Why are the clouds of the jovian planets stretched out
rapid rotation
What are the dark "seas" on the moon caused by
solidified lava beds
