AT214: Spine

The outer periphery of the intervertebral disk composed of strong fibrous tissue is called the:

Annulus fibrosus

The major muscle of back extension is the:

Erector Spinae

Which lumbar vertebra is most likely to slip as a result of spondylolisthesis?

L5

Seventy-five percent of back flexion occurs at the joint between:

L5 - S1

Which of the following postures results from an increased curve in the lumbar spine?

Lordosis

The most discernible difference between a cervical dislocation and a cervical fracture is:

Position of the neck

Adolescents engaging in sports such as gymnastics and swimming are prone to accentuation of the kyphotic curve and backache common to:

Scheuermann's disease

____________ is a condition that is characterized by wedge fractures, disk space abnormalities, and degeneration of vertebral epiphyseal end plates is seen in:

Scheuermann's disease

A syndrome characterized by the narrowing of the spinal canal that can impinge the spinal cord resulting in burning and tingling bilaterally is known as:

Spinal stenosis

The postural position resulting in hip extension from an anterior shift of the pelvis is called:

Swayback

Axial loading combined with flexion of the cervical vertebrae from a force to the top of the head could lead to a fracture of which vertebrae?

C5-C6

Which of the following is (are) sign(s) of cervical neck fracture?

All of the above

Most serious cervical injuries in football result from purposeful:

Axial loading as a result of spearing

When occurs, the athlete is unable to move certain parts of the body and complains of numbness after trauma; but after a short while the numbness disappears and free movement is possible.

Cervical cord neuropraxia

Which of the following portions of the spine have a convex curve anteriorly?

Cervical, lumbar

Which of the following is not a group of the erector spinae muscles?

Cervicis

The most common mechanism for acute low back strain is:

Extension with trunk rotation

This spinal pathology on palpation will often present with a step deformity

Spondylolisthesis

Sports movements that characteristically hyperextend the lumbar spine are likely to cause:

Spondyloysis

Fractures of the transverse and spinous processes in the lumbar spine present little danger to the athlete and will usually permit considerable activity within the range of pain tolerance.

True