ATI Cardiovascular Practice

A nurse is planning a presentation for a group of clients who have hypertension. Which of the following lifestyle modifications should the nurse include? (select all that apply) A. Limited alcohol intake B. Regular exercise program C. Decreased magnesium intake D. Reduced potassium intake E. Tobacco cessation

A, B, E

A nurse is caring for a client following insertion of a permanent pacemaker. Which of the following client statements indicates a potential complication of the insertion procedure? A. "I can't get rid of these hiccups" B. "I feel dizzy when I stand" C. "My incision site stings" D. "I have a headache"

A. "I can't get rid of these hiccups" (can indicate that the pacemaker is stimulation the chest wall or diaphragm, which can occur as a result of a lead wire perforation)

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who is 2 days postoperative following a heart transplant. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching? A. "You might no longer be able to feel chest pain" B. "Your level of activity intolerance will not change" C. "After 6 months, you will no longer need to restrict your sodium intake" D. "You will be able to stop taking immunosuppressants after 12 months"

A. "You might no longer be able to feel chest pain" (usually no longer able to feel chest pain due to the denervation of the heart)

A nurse is assessing a client who has a pulmonary edema related to heart failure. Which of the following findings indicates effective treatment of the client's condition? A. Absence of adventitious breath sounds B. Presence of a nonproductive cough C. Decreased in respiratory rate at rest D. SaO2 86% on RA

A. Absence of adventitious breath sounds (these occur when there is fluid in the lungs. The absence of it indicated that the pulmonary edema is resolving)

A nurse in an emergency department is assessing a client who has a bradydysrhythmia. Which of the following findings should the nurse monitor for? A. Confusion B. Friction rub C. Hypertension D. Dry skin

A. Confusion

A nurse is assessing a client who has dilated cardiomyopathy. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? A. Dyspnea on exertion B. Tracheal deviation C. Pericardial rub D. Weight loss

A. Dyspnea on exertion (is due to ventricular compromise and reduced cardiac output)

A nurse is caring for a client who has heart failure and is experiencing atrial fibrillation. Which of the following findings should the nurse plan to monitor for and report to the provider immediately? A. Slurred speech B. Irregular pulse C. Dependent edema D. Persistent fatigue

A. Slurred speech (greatest risk to this pt is injury from an embolus caused by the pooling that can occur with atrial fibrillation. Slurred speech can indicate inadequate circulation to the brain because of an embolus)

A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has heart failure. The nurse should instruct the client to report which of the following findings immediately to the provider? A. Weight gain of 0.9 kg (2 lb) in 24 hr B. Increase of 10 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure C. Dyspnea with exertion D. Dizziness when rising quickly

A. Weight gain of 0.9 kg (2 lb) in 24 hr (weight gain is an indication of fluid retention resulting from worsening heart failure)

A nurse is providing health teaching to a group of clients. Which of the following clients is at risk for developing peripheral arterial disease? A. A client who has hypothyroidism B. A client who has diabetes mellitus C. A client whose daily caloric intake consists of 25% fat D. A client who consumes 2 12-oz bottles of beer a day

B. A client who has diabetes mellitus (places client as risk for microvascular damage and progressive peripheral arterial disease)

A nurse is caring for a client who is 8 hr postoperative following a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). Which of the following findings should the nurse report? A. Mediastinal drainage 100 mL/hr B. Blood pressure 160/80 mm Hg C. Temperature 37.1 C (98.8 F) D. Potassium 4.0 mRq/L

B. Blood pressure 160/80 mm Hg (increased vascular pressure can cause bleeding at the incision sites)

A nurse is caring for a client who is being treated for heart failure and has a prescription for furosemide. The nurse should plant to monitor for which of the following adverse effects of the medication? A. SOB B. Lightheadedness C. Dry cough D. Metallic taste

B. Lightheadedness (Furosemide can cause a substantial drop in BP, resulting in lightheadedness or dizziness)

A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for an ACE-I to treat hypertension. The nurse should instruct the client to notify their provider if they experience which of the following adverse effects of this medication? A. Tendon pain B. Persistent cough C. Frequent urination D. Constipation

B. Persistent cough (adverse effects of ACE-I. The client should report this finding to the provider and discontinue the med)

A nurse is caring for a client who was admitted for treatment of left-sided heart failure and is receiving intravenous loop diuretics and digitalis therapy. The client is experiencing weakness and an irregular heart rate. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? A. Obtain the client's current weight B. Review serum electrolyte values C. Determine the time of the last digoxin dose D. Check the client's urine output

B. Review serum electrolyte values (indicate that the client is at the greatest risk for electrolyte imbalance, an adverse effect of loop diuretics. Review electrolyte values (especially potassium), client is at risk for dysrhythmias, from hypokalemia)

A nurse is monitoring a client's ECG monitor and notes the client's rhythm has changes from normal sinus rhythm to supraventricular tachycardia. The nurse should prepare to assist with which of the following interventions? A. Initiate chest compressions B. Vagal stimulation C. Administration of atropine IV D. Defibrillation

B. Vagal stimulation (might temporarily convert client's HR to normal . Should have a defibrillator and resuscitation equipment at client's bedside bc vagal stimulation can cause bradydysrhythmias, ventricular dysrhythmias, or asystole)

A nurse is assessing a client who has left-sided heart failure. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect to find? A. Increase abd girth B. Weak peripheral pulses C. Jugular venous neck distention D. Dependent edema

B. Weak peripheral pulses (related to decreased cardiac output resulting from left-sided hf)

A nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled for a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) in 2 hr. Which of the following client statements indicates a need for further clarification by the nurse? A. "My arthritis is really bothering me because I haven't taken my aspirin in a week" B. "My blood pressure shouldn't be high because I took my blood pressure medication this morning" C. "I took my warfarin last night according to my usual schedule" D. "I will check my blood sugar because I took a reduced dose of insulin this morning"

C. "I took my warfarin last night according to my usual schedule" (if scheduled for a CABG pt. should not take anticoagulants for several days prior to the surgery to prevent excessive bleeding)

A nurse is caring for a client who has an onset of chest pain 24 hr ago. The nurse should identify that an increase in which of the following values is diagnostic of a myocardial infarction (MI)? A. Myoglobin B. C-reactive protein C. Creatine kinase-MB D. Homocysteine

C. Creatine kinase-MB (the isoenzyme specific specific to the myocardium. Elevation indicates myocardial muscles injury)

A nurse is admitting a client who has a leg ulcer and a history of diabetes mellitus. Which of the following focused assessments should the nurse use to help differentiate between an arterial ulcer and a venous stasis ulcer? A. Explore the client's family history of peripheral vascular disease B. Note the presence of absence of pain at the ulcer site C. Inquire about the presence of absence of claudication D. Ask if the client has had a recent infection

C. Inquire about the presence of absence of claudication (knowing if the client is experiencing this helps differentiate venous from arterial. Clients who have arterial experience claudication, but those who have venous ulcers do not)

A nurse is caring for a client who is 1 hr postoperative following an aortic aneurysm repair. Which of the following findings can indicate shock and should be reported to the provider? A. Serosanguineous drainage on dressing B. Severe pain with coughing C. Urine output of 20 mL/hr D. Increase in temperature from 36.8 C (98.2 F) to 37.5 C (99.5 F)

C. Urine output of 20 mL/hr (urine output less than 30 is a manifestation of shock. Urine output is decreased due to a compensatory decreased blood flow to the kidneys, hypovolemia, or graft thrombosis or rupture)

A nurse is caring for a client who has a history of angina and is scheduled to exercise electrocardiography at 1100. Which of the following statements by the client requires the nurse to contact the provider for possible rescheduling? A. "I'm still hungry after the bowl of cereal I ate at 7 am" B. "I didn't take my heart pills this morning because the doctor told me not to" C. I have had chest pain a couple of times since I my doctor in the office last week" D. "I smoked a cigarette this morning to calm my nerves about having this procedure"

D. "I smoked a cigarette this morning to calm my nerves about having this procedure" (smoking prior to the test can change the outcome and places the client at additional risk)

A nurse in an emergency department is caring for a client who had an anterior myocardial infarction. The client's history reveals they are 1 week postoperative following an open cholecystectomy. The nurse should identify that which of the following interventions is contraindicated? A. Administering IV morphine sulfate B. Administering oxygen at 2 L/min via nasal cannula C. Helping the client to the bedside commode D. Assisting with thrombolytic therapy

D. Assisting with thrombolytic therapy (major surgery within the previous 3 weeks is a contraindication for thrombolytic therapy)

A nurse is assessing a client who has a history of deep-vein thrombosis and is receiving warfarin. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the medication is effective? A. Hemoglobin 14 g/dL B. Minimal bruising of extremities C. Decreased blood pressure D. INR 2.0

D. INR 2.0 (INR is in the desired range of 2.0-3.0)

A nurse is preparing a client for a coronary angiography. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider prior to the procedure? A. Hemoglobin 14.4 g/dL B. History of peripheral arterial disease C. Urine output 200 mL/4 hr D. Previous allergic reaction to shellfish

D. Previous allergic reaction to shellfish (contrast medium used is iodine-based. Pts. who are allergic to shellfish often react to iodine and might need a steroid or antihistamine prior to the procedure)

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving heparin therapy and develops hematuria. Which of the following actions should the nurse take if the client's aPTT is 96 seconds? A. Increase the heparin infusion flow rate by 2 mL/hr B. Continue to monitor the heparin infusion as prescribed C. Request a prothrombin time (PT) D. Stop the heparin infusion

D. Stop the heparin infusion (aPTT is above the critical value and the client is displaying manifestations of bleeding)

A nurse is caring for a client who has endocarditis. Which of the following findings should the nurse recognize as a potential complication? A. Ventricular Depolarization B. Guillain-Barre Syndrome C. Myelodysplastic Syndrome D. Valvular Disease

D. Valvular Disease (often occurs as a result of inflammation or infection of the endocardium)

A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has a prescription for transdermal nitroglycerin patches. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? A. Apply the new path to the same site as the previous one B. Place the patch on an area of skin away from skin folds and joints C. Keep the patch on 24 hr per day D. Replace the patch at the onset of angina

B. Place the patch on an area of skin away from skin folds and joints (apply to an area of intact skin with enough room for the patch to fit smoothly)

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of several male clients who have peripheral arterial disease, The nurse should plan to provide dietary teaching for a client who has which of the following laboratory values? A. Cholesterol 180 mg/dL, HDL 70 mg/dL, LDL 90 mg/dL B. Cholesterol 185 mg/dL, HDL 50 mg/dL, LDL 120 mg/dL C. Cholesterol 190 mg/dL, HDL 25 mg/dL, LDL 160 mg/dL D. Cholesterol 195 mg/dL, HDL 55 mg/dL, LDL 125 mg/dL

C. Cholesterol 190 mg/dL, HDL 25 mg/dL, LDL 160 mg/dL (HDL and LDL lab values are outside of the expected reference range and indicate that the nurse should provide dietary teaching to the client)

A nurse is an emergency department is caring for a school-age child who has epiglottitis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Initiate seizure precautions B. Tell the client to report vision changes C. Elevate head of bed D. Start a peripheral IV

C. Elevate head of bed (greatest risk is organ injury due to severe hypertension. Therefore, the first action the nurse should take is to elevate HOB to reduce BP and promote oxygenation)