ATI: Specimen Collection
A nurse is teaching to client about home collection of a stool specimen for fecal occult blood testing. Which of the following instruction should the nurse include? - Obtain specimens from three different stools. - Eat a diet low in fiber and residue. - Avoid foods that are high in fat. - Refrigerate the specimen card after obtaining the first sample.
Obtain specimens from three different stools. The three specimens must be taken from three separate, consecutive bowel movements. Note: Increasing water and fiber intake for a few days prior to testing facilitates the collection of multiple sequential stool specimens. Note: Fat intake will not affect the results of the testing. Note: The specimen cards do not need to be refrigerated.
A nurse is instructing a patient regarding collection of stool specimen for fecal occult blood testing. Which of the following should the nurse instructed patient to void a few days before during the test. To help reduce the risk of false positive results?
Poultry
A nurses caring for a patient who has stage III pressure ulcer in the sacral area. Which of the following actions should the nurse take when obtaining a wound culture specimen from the pressure ulcer?
Rotate a sterile swab in the area of drainage
A nurse is caring for a group of clients in an ambulatory care clinic is collecting urine for several prescribed diagnostic tests. For which of the following tests is a random sample voided into a clean cup appropriate? - Urine culture and sensitivity - Routine urinalysis - Urine creatine clearance - Urine pregnancy
Routine urinalysis Routine urinalysis can be done on a random clean-voided specimen collected during normal voiding into a clean urine cup. Note: Urine culture and sensitivity requires a clean-catch or catheterized specimen in a sterile collection cup. Urine creatinine clearance requires a timed urine collection. Urine pregnancy testing requires a first-voided morning urine specimen.
A nurse is collecting a blood specimen for culture from a client. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? - Keep the tourniquet in place from selection of the vein to completion of the collection. - Rub the client's arm at the selected site prior to venipuncture. - Elevate the client's arm above heart level for the venipuncture. - Puncture the selected vein while the antiseptic solution is still visible on the skin.
Rub the patient's arm at the selected site prior to venipuncture. Stroking the arm from the distal area to the proximal area below the proposed site can help dilate the vein, but vigorous rubbing should be avoided due to the potential for injury. Note: The tourniquet should be released after vein selection to restore circulation while the site is prepped. Note: It is recommended that the extremity be in a dependent position to help dilate the vein and make it more visible. Note: Antiseptic used to cleanse a puncture site must air-dry completely to ensure effective antimicrobial action.
A nurse obtains a capillary blood glucose result of 180 mg/dl from a client who has diabetes mellitus. Which of the following is correct action for the nurse to take? - Encourage the client to get up and exercise. - Repeat the test using a different glucometer. - Give the client a glass of orange juice. - Administer insulin according to the patient's sliding scale orders.
Administer insulin according to the patients sliding scale orders. A reading above the expected reference range warrants following the provider's orders for sliding scale insulin based on the specific result. Note: Regular exercise plays an important role in glycemic control, but it will not lower blood glucose level in a timely manner. In fact, when diabetes is uncontrolled, exercise can actually raise blood glucose levels and cause ketonuria. Note: Unless there is a reason to believe that the glucometer used is inaccurate or has not been calibrated or there is a problem with the test strips, it is unnecessary to repeat the test. Note: The patient's blood sugar is elevated. There is no indication to give a glucose source at this time.
A nurses caring for a female patient who needs to collect in midstream urine specimen. Which of the following actions should the nurse take
Habitation your name a small amount of urine before starting the collection
An assistive personnel is collecting a 24 hour urine specimen from a patient. Which of the following statements by the AP indicates the specimen collection will have to be restarted?
The patient just told me that he forgot to put the urine in the container
A nurses caring for a patient who has a suspected urinary tract infection, UTI. Which of the following urinalysis results should indicate to the nurse the presence of a UTI?
WBC count of 8000/mm3
A nurse caring for a client who has diabetes mellitus is having difficulty obtaining a capillary fingerstick blood sample for point-of-care blood glucose testing. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to help increase blood flow to the client's finger? - Elevate the hand on a pillow. - Pierce the skin in the middle of the finger pad. - Wrap the finger in a warm cloth. - Firmly milk the puncture site.
Wrap the finger in a warm cloth. Heat helps increase blood flow to the area to be punctured. Note: Dangling the hand is recommended to promote blood flow to the fingers. The nurse should pierce the lateral aspect of the finger. Piercing it in the middle is more painful for the client and is unlikely to affect blood flow. Milking the puncture site to get a full blood sample is not recommended as it could lyse, or break, the blood cells and alter the test results. Gentle squeezing is permissible.