ATI TEAS 7 SCIENCE PART B

The cell membrane of the muscle fiber

Sarcolemma

Which of the following is the basic contractile unit of the skeletal muscle? Sarcolemma Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Sarcomere Z-disc

Sarcomere

What directly attack and destroy pathogens?

Cytotoxic cells

Which of the following organ systems is correctly paired with its function?

Endocrine / regulation of homeostasis through hormone signaling

Which of the following types of tissues functions in the covering, lining, and protection of surfaces and body cavities?

Epithelial tissue

What hormone is is primarily involved in the maturation of sperm and ovum (follicles)?

FSH

Which of the following antigen-specific immune cells produce cytokines, which facilitate various immune reactions? Helper T-cell Macrophage cell Cytotoxic T-cell B-cell

Helper T-cell

What produce cytokines?

Helper T-cells

Enzymes are biological catalysts that ___________. Bind to the products Are necessary to convert substrate into products Use up the substrate molecules in the reaction Increase the rate of any given reaction

Increase the rate of any given reaction

is responsible for providing the first layer of protection from outside pathogens.

Integumentary system

What hormone stimulates ovulation and production of testerone?

LH

are organelles that contain digestive enzymes. They digest excess or worn out cell parts, food, and engulfed viruses or bacteria.

Lysosomes

What cells are part of non-specific innate immune system which engulf and destroy bacteria and cellular debris during infection and injury.

Macrophage

HIV is a virus that destroys the body's defense against diseases by inserting itself into the host's DNA. In which part of the infected host cell will HIV virus be found?

Nucleus

The respiratory system is composed of organs that facilitate gas exchange between the blood and the external environment. Which of the following describes the group of organs that function during gas exchange?

Organ System

What are the cells responsible for bone matrix synthesis and calcification, while osteocytes are responsible for maintenance of calcified bone matrix.

Osteoblasts

What are the resident macrophages of the bones, which are essential for bone matrix resorption during bone growth and remodeling.

Osteoclasts

Which of the following causes bone matrix resorption during bone growth and remodeling? Osteons Osteoclasts Osteocytes Osteoblasts

Osteoclasts

What are the structural unit of compact bone characterized by concentric bone layers surrounding a central canal.

Osteons

Match the following structures to their function. Drag and drop tiles in the appropriate box. Sort elements Penis Vagina Vas deferens Uterus Sperm channel from the epididymis to the penis External sex organ of a male Copulatory organ of the female Implantation site of a zygote

Sperm channel from the epididymis to the penis-Vas deferens Copulatory organ of the female -Vagina External sex organ of a male-Penis Implantation site of a zygote- Uterus

Why are control groups used in experiments? To increase the amount of data collected To minimize the effect of variables To help scientists quickly perform experiments To ensure the accuracy of measurements

To minimize the effect of variables

Which of the following correctly describes anatomical position?

Upright, arms at sides, palms facing anteriorly

Which of the following comparisons between arteries and veins is TRUE? Veins have valves, and arteries do not. Veins have thick, muscular walls, while arteries have thin, more compliant walls. Veins have a smaller diameter than arteries. Veins carry freshly oxygenated blood from tissue back to the heart, while arteries carry oxygen-depleted blood away from the heart.

Veins have valves, and arteries do not.

The boundary of each sarcomere.

Z-disc

Helper T-cells, cytotoxic cells and B-cells are all

antigen-specific immune cells.

What hormones do adrenal glands produce?

cortisol and aldosterone

is responsible for regulating homeostasis through hormone signaling.

endocrine system

What is the outermost layer of the skin, protects underlying tissues from abrasions, heat, microbes, and chemicals.

epidermis

collects small molecules and combines them to make more complex molecules within the cell. Then it packages up the complex molecules to either store or to send out of the cell.

golgi appartatus

Movement of molecules in a substance depends on _______ energy. heat UV X-ray Gamma ray

heat

Gas exchange between the blood and alveoli would be enhanced by ______________, but impeded by __________________. * decreased membrane thickness; increased alveolar surface area * increased tidal volume; decreased membrane thickness * increased alveolar surface area; increased membrane thickness * decreased respiratory rate; increased tidal volume

increased alveolar surface area; increased membrane thickness

White blood cells contain many _________ because they need to dispose of harmful intruders such as bacteria and viruses. Which of the following options correctly completes the statement above?

lysosomes

are the organelles responsible for generating energy-rich molecules for the cell.

mitochondria

are responsible for protein synthesis. mRNA is translated into proteins by the ribosomes.

ribosomes

are the sites for protein synthesis.

ribosomes

The basic contractile unit of the skeletal muscle made of thin and thick filaments.

sarcomere

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium for muscle contraction.

sarcoplasmic reticulum

The majority of nutrient absorption occurs in the _________________.

small intestine

Which would be the approximate mass of a car? 18 kg 1,800 kg 180 kg 180,000 kg

1,800 kg

Which of the following is true of insulin and glucagon? Please select all that apply. * Secretion of insulin and glucagon is regulated by the pituitary gland. * Insulin and glucagon have opposite effects on blood calcium levels but work together to maintain homeostasis. * The pancreas secretes insulin and glucagon. * Insulin and glucagon regulate the level of calcium in the blood. * Insulin and glucagon regulate the level of glucose in the blood. * Insulin and glucagon have opposite effects on blood glucose but work together to maintain homeostasis.

* The pancreas secretes insulin and glucagon. * Insulin and glucagon regulate the level of glucose in the blood. * Insulin and glucagon have opposite effects on blood glucose but work together to maintain homeostasis.

What are responsible for producing immunoglobulins or antibodies?

B-cells

The same single-replacement reaction is run in two different beakers. The beakers are labeled as Beaker A and B and are heated to 75oC and 100oC, respectively. If the reactions are run for 15 minutes each, which of the following results would you expect to observe? Beaker A produces more product than Beaker B The two beakers produce the same amount of product Beaker B produces more product than Beaker A No products are produced in either beaker

Beaker B produces more product than Beaker A

Which of the following is the most plausible sequence of events? Born into musical family; grows up around music; starts learning guitar; plays concert Extensive car use; air pollution; less people with asthma; less healthcare expenses Poaching more rhinos; more export rhino horn goods; more goods with a lower economic value; economy boost Walk in the woods; stung by bee; given morphine; early death

Born into musical family; grows up around music; starts learning guitar; plays concert

is responsible for transport of substance to all tissues of the body.

Cardiovascular system

Regulate function of male and female reproductive systems, are both produced in a synchronized manner by the anterior pituitary gland.

FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) LH ( luteinizing hormone)

is responsible for obtaining nutrients through the breakdown and absorption of food.

Gastrointestinal system

Which of the following is a function of the epidermis? Please select all that apply. It contains many blood vessels that can constrict or dilate for thermoregulation It functions as a major component of the adaptive immune system It functions as a major component of the innate immunity It protects underlying tissue from chemicals. It protects underlying tissues from abrasions. It stores fat

It functions as a major component of the innate immunity It protects underlying tissue from chemicals. It protects underlying tissues from abrasions.

Which of the following describes cellular respiration?

It is an oxidative catabolic activity

break down fatty acids to be used for forming membranes and as fuel for respiration. They also transfer hydrogen from compounds to oxygen to create hydrogen peroxide and then convert hydrogen peroxide into water.

Peroxisomes

Melatonin is the hormone that regulates sleep-and-wake rhythm. Which of the following endocrine glands is responsible for producing melatonin? Hypothalamus Pituitary Pineal Adrenal

Pineal

Which of the following statements is true about hydrogen bonds? They form between a partial positively charged region on one molecule and the partial negatively charged region on another molecule They are considered strong attractive forces They result from the attraction between ions that have no charge They don't affect the properties of water in any way

They form between a partial positively charged region on one molecule and the partial negatively charged region on another molecule