ATR 2010C Quiz 5 (Chp 18-20)
what injury may these cause? - ruptured extensor tendon over the middle phalanx - Distal interphalangeal joint forced into extension and proximal interphalangeal joint forced into flexion
Boutonniere deformity
what phase of the correct throwing technique do these characteristics describe? - initially shoulder is in maximal internal rotation - balanced position A) deceleration phase B) wind up phase C) follow-through phase D) acceleration phase
C) follow-through phase
what is the care for wrist ganglions?
**common reoccurance - aspiration (needle and suck) - chemical cauterization (burn it)
what are some observations during the shoulder assessments?
**must look posteriorly, laterally, and anteriorly - obvious deformities - shoulder height discrepencies - rounded shoulders - scapular movement
what is the care for boutonniere deformity?
**once it heels like this, it is stuck like that forever (the finger wouldn't be able to extend) - splint the proximal interphalangeal joint into flexion
what is palpated during the assessment of the shoulder?
**palpate anteriorly and posteriorly - point tenderness - abnormal swelling or lumps - muscle spasm/guarding and trigger points
what is palpated during a spine assessment
**progress from proximal to distal - boney structures: spinous processes and sacrum - muscles
what is the care for mallet finger
*care is up to patient preferences (fix or leave it) - xray to rule out fracture - splint
what is the care for cervical dislocations?
*very very specific protocol since these are medical emergencies - do not move them unless by trained medical staff
what is the care for cervical fractures?
*very very specific protocol since these are medical emergencies - do not move them unless by trained medical staff
what is the care for elbow fractures
- POLICE - sling - immediate referral and imaging
what is the care for lateral epicondylitis
- anti-inflammatory care - NSAIDs - stretching
what is the care for labral tears
- anti-inflammatory care - activity modification - therapy - surgery if SLAP tear (not necessarily needed for posterior labrum tear)
what is the care for herniated lumbar discs?
- anti-inflammatory care - core stabilization program - imaging to confirm
what is the care for medial epicondylitis
- anti-inflammatory care - counterforce brace applied just below the elbow joint
what is the care for forearm strains?
- anti-inflammatory care - cryotherapy - increase strength
what is the care for low back muscle strains?
- anti-inflammatory care - gradual program of stretching and strengthening
what is the care for olecranon bursitis
- anti-inflammatory care - padding around the bursa
what is the care for rotator cuff strains
- anti-inflammatory care - progressive strengthening exercises - reduced activity
what is the care for neck strains?
- anti-inflammatory care - range of motion exercises
what is the care for spondylolysis / spondylolisthesis?
- anti-inflammatory care - rest - brace - trunk stabilization exercises
what is the care for shoulder impingement syndrome
- anti-inflammatory care - strengthen rotator cuff - stretching posterior capsule
what is the care for a wrist sprain?
- anti-inflammatory care - x-ray to rule out fracture
what is the care for ulnar/medial collateral ligament
- anti-inflammatory care - sling at 90 degrees of flexion - for unstable/complete/painful tears: Tommy John surgery
what is the care for low back pain?
- avoid bad posture - avoid positions that make the pain worse - strengthen postural muscles (ex: multifidus)
what should be palpated in the wrist, hand, and finger assessment?
- bones - MCP joint
what are the bones in the wrist, hand, and fingers?
- carpals - metararpals - phalanges
what is the care for acute torticollis?
- cold or heat packs - massage - gradually engage in strengthening and stretching exerices
what is the care for ulnar nerve injuries
- conservative management - avoid stress to elbow
what is the care for proximal radial head fractures?
- displaced: surgery (ORIF) - nondisplaced: immobilization
what are the muscles of the spine
- erector spinae - quadratus lumborous - multifidus - serratus posterior
what are the muscles of the forearm?
- flexors: flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi radialis - extensors: extensor carpi ulnaris and extensor carpi radialis
what is the care for glenohumeral dislocations?
- immediate immobilization using a sling - shoulder must be reduced - if first time, xray to rule out fracture
what is the care for scaphoid fracture?
- immobilization for 6 weeks (long arm cast) - x ray - potentially surgery
what are some observations of the elbow assessment?
- increased carrying angle - decreased range of motion - obvious deformity - swelling
what questions are included in the history aspect of the elbow assement
- is this a new injury or is this a chronic problem? - was there direct trauma? - is there any tingling or numbness radiating down the forearm?
what does asymmetry of shoulder heights identify?
- musculature imbalances (ex: pitcher's shoulder) - structural imbalance (ex: scoliosis, leg length discrepancy, etc) **asymmetry is not always a bad thing!!!!
what question to the history of a spinal assessment could indicate possible paralysis
- numbness or tingling in neck, arm, or hands - ability to bilaterally move toes and ankles
what is the care for phalange dislocations?
- reduction of the finger - X-ray to rule out fracture - splinted for 3 weeks in 30 degrees flexion - buddy tape when return to play
what is the care for sciatica?
- rest - anti-inflammatory care
what is the care for carpal tunnel syndrome?
- rest - immobilization - if condition persists: corticosteroid injection or surgery (to cut transverse carpal ligament)
what is the care for colles' fracture?
- splint the injury - check pulse - sling - refer for imaging
what are ways to prevent spinal injuries?
- strengthen (neck and abdominal muscles) - stretch (neck and trunk) - use proper technique (for lifting and tackling)
an athlete can prevent shoulder injuries by....
- strengthening rotator cuff muscles (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis) - stabilizing and strengthening scapular muscles (serratus anterior, middle trap, and lower trap) - stabilizing proximal aspects for distal mobility - learning proper falling technique
what is the care for pinched nerves?
- stretching and strengthening once symptoms subside - preventative care: adding cervical neck collar attachment to shoulder pads
what is the care for jersey finger?
- surgical repair or flexor tendon
what questions are included in the history aspect of forearm assessment?
- what caused the injury? - is there a loss of function? - what were the symptoms at the time of the injury? - did symptoms develop later?
what questions are included in the history portion of the shoulder assessment?
- what happened to cause the pain? - where is the pain located? - is there a feeling of weakness or a sense of fatigue? - what shoulder movements or positions seem to aggravate or relieve the pain?
what is the care for boxer's fractures?
- x-ray - immobilization for 3-4 weeks
what is the care for whiplash?
- x-ray to rule out fracture - soft cervical collar
what is the care for gamekeeper's thumb?
- x-ray to rule out fracture - splinting of the thumb for at least 3 weeks
what is the care for humerus fractures?
- xray confirmation - immediate application of splint and sling - surgery if displaced
how many pairs of nerves extend from the spinal cord?
31 pairs
how many bones are considered in the shoulder? what are they?
3: clavicle, scapula, humerus
what are the bones associated with the elbow joint?
3: radius, ulna, and humerus
how many articulations are considered in the shoulder? what are they?
4: sternoclavicular joint, acromioclavicular joint, glenohumeral joint, and scapulothoracic joint
put the correct throwing technique in order 1) acceleration phase 2) deceleration phases 3) cocking phase 4) follow-through phase 5) wind up phase
5) wind up phase 3) cocking phase 1) acceleration phase 2) deceleration phases 4) follow-through phase
how many (and which) metacarpals articulate with distal row of carpal bones?
5: Hamate, Capitate Trapezoid, Trapezium (Here Comes The Thumb)
there are __ vertebrae in the cervical region of the spine, ___ in the thoracic spine, and ___ in the lumbar spine
7 ; 12 ; 5
what two injuries are usually confused with eachother? A) distal clavicle fracture B) proximal clavicle fracture C) acromioclavicular joint sprain
A) and C)
what phase of the correct throwing technique do these characteristics describe? - initially hands are separated - shoulder ends in maximal external rotation A) cocking phase B) wind up phase C) follow-through phase D) acceleration phase
A) cocking phase
What is ORIF?
Open reduction and internal fixation. This invasive procedure realigns the bone segments with implanted metal wires, plates, rods, pins, screws, or nails to support the bone directly.
what specialty of athletes should prioritize prevention of shoulder injuries?
Overhead athletes (including baseball/softball pitchers and football QB).
What is Tommy John surgery?
Reconstruction of the ulnar collateral ligament with the tendon from the palmaris longus
what is the mnemonic to remember carpal bones?
So Long To Pinky, Here Comes The Thumb
What is flatback?
Spine with little to no curvature
what muscles do some people have that others don't because of evolution?
The palmaris longus is a muscle sometimes present as a small tendon located between the flexor carpi radialis and the flexor carpi ulnaris
what is the anatomical snuffbox?
a surface anatomy feature described as a triangular depression on the back of the hand at the base of the thumb. It is most visible when the thumb is extended and abducted.
what is kyphosis
abnormal dorsal curvature of the spine, causing hunching of the back.
what is scoliosis
abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
what injury is characterized by these signs? - varies for different grades - "step off" deformity - point tenderness - discomfort - loss of range of motion of the shoulder
acromioclavicular joint sprain
what injury is usually all or nothing where a grade 2 injury is pretty unheard of?
acromioclavicular joint sprain
what injury may these cause? - fall on outstretched arms - direct impact to the tip of the shoulder
acromioclavicular joint sprain
what ligaments are considered in the shoulder?
acromioclavicular ligament
what is a SLAP tear
acute or chronic injury of the superior labrum anterior to posterior
what injury is characterized by these signs? - palpable point tenderness and muscle spasms - head movement restricted to the opposite side of irritation
acute torticollis
what injury may these cause? - small piece of synovial membrane lining the joint capsule is impinged between the cervical vertebrae - holding head in unusual position for a long time
acute torticollis
which of these have similar signs (pain in shoulder) but just in different structures of the shoulder A) subacromial bursitis B) Rotator cuff strain C) Shoulder impingement syndrome D) biceps tenosynovitis
all of the above
which of these clavicle injuries is immobilization common care but no surgery? A) nondisplaced clavicular fracture B) sternoclavicular joint sprain C) displaced clavicular fracture D) acromioclavicular joint sprain
all of the above except C)
what ligament of the elbow joint goes across the radius
annular ligament
what are the ligaments associated with the elbow joint?
annular ligament, radial/lateral collateral ligament, ulnar/medial collateral ligament
what are the three ligaments associated with the spine?
anterior longitudinal, posterior longitudinal, and supraspinous ligament
what is the care for biceps tenosynovitis
anti-inflammatory care
what are two notable vertebrae in the cervical spine
atlas and axis
Where is the most common spinal herniation located?
between L4 and L5
what are the muscles associated with the elbow joint?
biceps brachii, briachialis, brachioradialis, and tripces
what tissues are usually associated with shoulder impingement syndrome
biceps tendon and supraspinatus muscle
what injury is characterized by these signs? - tenderness in the anterior upper arm - pain during overhead activities
biceps tenosynovitis
what injury may these cause? - repeated stretching of the biceps tendon
biceps tenosynovitis
what can you palpate during the elbow assessment?
bony aspects (epicondyles, olecranon, proximal radius and ulna)
what injury is characterized by these signs? - palpable defect in the shaft of the 5th metacarpal - depressed knuckles
boxer's fracture
what injury may these cause? - direct axial force by punching a wall or another person
boxer's fracture
what injury is characterized by these signs? - numbness and tingling of fingers - weakness of the hand
carpal tunnel syndrome
what injury may these cause? - inflammation of the tendons and synovial sheath within the anterior aspect of the wrist - repeated wrist flexion
carpal tunnel syndrome
what is the care for hamate fracture?
casting and/or padding
what injury is characterized by these signs? - similar signs of fracture - neck tilted towards injured side - pain, weakness, and numbness
cervical dislocation
what injury may these cause? - violent flexion and rotation of the head - pool diving accidents
cervical dislocation
what injury is characterized by these signs? - neck point tenderness - restricted movement - numbness in trunk and/or limbs
cervical fractures
what injury may these cause? - axial/thrust loading (when the normal curvature of the spine flattens out)
cervical fractures
whiplash refers to
cervical sprains
what injury is characterized by these signs? - "tent" deformity - palpation may reveal swelling, point tenderness, and possible deformity
clavicle fracture
what injury may these cause? - fall on outstretched arms - fall on the tip of the shoulder - direct impact to clavicle
clavicle fractures
the tailbone refers to the _______
coccyx
what is the most inferior aspect of the spine?
coccyx
what injury is characterized by these signs? - visible deformity at the wrist - numbness/tingling - pain & swelling of the wrist
colles' fracture
what injury may these cause? - fall on outstretched arms with an extended wrist forcing the forearm backwards and upwards into hyperextension
colles' fracture
spinal nerves extend from the ________ to the ________
cranium ; first and second lumbar vertebrae
what is the care for subacromial bursitis
cryotherapy and anti-inflammatory care
what injury is characterized by these signs? - pain and swelling of the finger - obvious deformity
dislocation of the phalanges
what injury may these cause? - blow to the finger
dislocation of the phalanges
what injury is characterized by these signs? - obvious deformity of the elbow - olecranon process extends backward (dorsally) - severe pain and disability of the elbow
elbow dislocations
what injury may these cause? - falling on outstretched arm with elbow hyperextended - severe twist while the elbow is flexed
elbow dislocations
what can a discrepancy of the elbow carrying angles identify?
elbow fracture
what injury is characterized by these signs? - obvious deformity of the elbow - swelling
elbow fractures
what injury may these cause? - fall on outstretched arms - direct blow to the elbow - elbow dislocation
elbow fractures
what injury is characterized by these signs? - locking of the elbow joint - loss of range of motion
elbow osteochondritis dissecans
what injury may these cause? - potential impairment of the blood supply can lead to the separation of portions of articular cartilage and bone (usually humerus but can also be fragments of the radius or ulna) - other unknown causes
elbow osteochondritis dissecans
what injury may these cause? - hyperextension of the elbow - forces that bend or twist the lower arm outward (ie: valgus forces)
elbow sprain
in the hand: __________ tendons are not as big of a deal as ________ tendons are because...
extensor ; flexor ; flexing is more important to grab/grasp/grip/etc
bad posture is usually back ________ and positions of comfort tend to be back ________
flexion ; extension
what is the #1 cause of cervical fractures in athletes
football and rugby tackles (with the head down)
what injury is characterized by these signs? - dull aching pain in forearm muscles - pain throwing - pain with daily activities
forearm strains
what injury may these cause? - chronic or acute overuse (repeated contractions) of forearm
forearm strains
what do abdominal muscles refer to
front, back, top (diaphragm), and bottom (pelvic floor)
what injury is characterized by these signs? - pain over the ulnar/medial collateral ligament - tenderness and swelling over the medial aspect of the thumb
gamekeeper's thumb
what injury may these cause? - sprain of the ulnar/medial collateral ligament of the thumb - forceful abduction of the proximal phalanx
gamekeeper's thumb
what injury is characterized by these signs? - obvious deformity - moderate to severe pain of the shoulder - intact function of arm
glenohumeral dislocation
what injury may these cause? - forced abduction of the arm and external rotation - falling on outstretched arms
glenohumeral dislocation
what injury is characterized by these signs? - wrist pain - weakness and tenderness - possible tingling and numbness
hamate fracture
what injury may these cause? - contact when holding sports equipment (ex: baseball/softball bat)
hamate fracture
what injury is characterized by these signs? - centrally located pain that radiates on one side - symptoms worse in the morning - straight leg raises increase pain
herniated lumbar disc
what injury may these cause? - forward bending and twisting - shear force of the lower back - back and hip instability
herniated lumbar disc
what are the articulations associated with the elbow joint?
humeroulnar joint, humeroradial joint, radioulnar joint
what injury is characterized by these signs? - pain & swelling of the upper arm - inability to move the arm
humerus fracture
what injury may these cause? - direct blow to the upper arm - falling on outstretched arms - dislocation - MVA
humerus fracture
what muscles make up the erector spinae?
iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis
what is the care for sternoclavicular joint sprains
immobilization for 3-5 weeks. may be considered medical emergency if sprain is posterior (because directed towards heart and lungs)
what is the care for elbow dislocations?
immobilizing splint and referral for reduction
what act as shock absorbers for the spine?
intervertebral discs act as shock absorbers for the spine and are located in between each vertebra. they work well to absorb compression forces, not shear forces.
what injury is characterized by these signs? - pain & swelling in the elbow - point tenderness to the elbow - Redness and warm to the touch.
olecranon bursitis
what injury may these cause? - direct blow to the elbow - falling on the tip of the elbow
olecranon bursitis
what is significant about pain being directly over the spine versus pain radiating from the midline?
pain directly over spine could be a spinous fracture while pain radiating from the midline could mean other less emergent injuries
what preventative measures does the spine have to prevent sliding forward?
pars interarticularis are bones on the dorsal spine that prevent the spine sliding forward
what injury is characterized by these signs? - burning sensation in the neck - numbness and tingling - loss of function that can last for several minutes
pinched nerve
what injury may these cause? - stretching or compression [usually of the brachial plexus] - neck forced laterally to the opposite side
pinched nerve
what do burners or stingers refer to?
pinched nerves in the neck
what injury is characterized by these signs? - pain and tenderness along the lateral aspect of the elbow - limited range on motion (specifically pronation and supination)
proximal radial head fracture
what injury may these cause? - falling on outstretched arms
proximal radial head fracture
lateral collateral ligament is also called the ________ collateral ligament and the medial collateral ligament is also called the _________ collateral ligament
radial ; ulnar
what are the bones in the forearm
radius and ulna
what finger is often most associated with jersey finger?
ring finger because when you try to grab a jersey, the ring finger usually gets caught on the jersey when it is released which ruptures the flexor tendon
what muscles are considered in the shoulder?
rotator cuff muscles, deltoids, trapezius, rhomboids, latissmus dorsi, serratus anterior
what injury is characterized by these signs? - pain with muscle contraction - pain with shoulder rotation - tenderness on palpation - loss of strength
rotator cuff strain
what injury may these cause? - varies for different grades - overhead throwing - acute or chronic overuse of muscle
rotor cuff strain
the ______ is formed by the fusion of 5 vertebrae
sacrum
what is the most frequently fractures carpal bone?
scaphoid (the problem with this bone is that because its long, it only gets blood from one side. if the bone doesnt unionize, the second half of the bone can degrade from lack of blood flow. this will cause arthritis over time)
what injury is characterized by these signs? - snuffbox tenderness - swelling & pain of the hand
scaphoid fracture
what can you palpate on the shoulder?
scapula (spine, medial border, lateral border), clavicle, sternoclavicular joint, acromioclavicular joint, and humerus
what joint really describes the interaction between the rib cage and the scapula sliding along each other?
scapulothoracic joint
what injury is characterized by these signs? - sharp shooting pain radiating down the posterior leg - numbness and tingling
sciatica
what injury may these cause? - chronic compression in the lower back or hip - chronic low back pain - piriformis syndrome
sciatica
what are the pros and cons of soft cervical collars?
short-term these can help to stabilize the neck but long-term they may cause the neck muscles to atrophy
what injury is characterized by these signs? - diffuse pain around the acromion - painful arc in the range of motion between 70 and 120 degrees of abduction - tightness in the joint capsule
shoulder impingement syndrome
what injury may these cause? - repetitive compression of shoulder structures - throwing, swimming, serving a tennis ball, spiking a volleyball - anatomical disposition
shoulder impingement syndrome
what is the proper tackling technique
shoulders up (head up), back straight, knees bent, and feet shoulder-width apart.
why does lower back pack usually radiate to the sides?
since the middle muscle (erector spinae) isn't doing its job, the side muscles (quadratus lumborus) are recruited and fatigued
______________ is a complication of ___________ often resulting in hypermobility of a vertebral segment
spondylolisthesis ; spondylolysis
what injury is characterized by these signs? - aching pain - back stiffness - pain after activity (not during)
spondylolysis / spondylolisthesis
what injury may these cause? - degeneration of the vertebrae - defect in the pars interarticularis - direct blow or sudden twist
spondylolysis / spondylolisthesis
cervical _______ are similar to cervical ________ but symptoms persist longer
sprain ; strain
what injury is characterized by these signs? - varies for different grades - pain & swelling of the shoulder - inability to abduct shoulder through full range of motion
sternoclavicular joint sprain
what injury may these cause? - indirect force transmitted through the humerus - direct impact to the clavicle
sternoclavicular joint sprain
what injury is characterized by these signs? - pain with moving shoulder - swelling - tenderness during palpation
subacromial bursitis
what injury may these cause? - direct impact to the shoulder - shoulder impingement
subacromial bursitis
what muscle is usually involved in a rotator cuff strain
supraspinatus muscle
What muscles make up the rotator cuff?
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis
what is the care for elbow osteochondritis dissecans?
surgical removal of loose bodies
What is the valgus stress test of the elbow?
the examiner places their hands on opposite sides of the patient's forearm and upper arm. they place opposite forces (push and pull) to test the integrity of the ulnar/medial collateral ligament
what ligament and nerve is often associated with carpal tunnel syndrome?
the transverse carpal ligament creates this "tunnel" to hold down the tissue in the wrist. But if there are inflamed components, it will create pressure on the median nerve
what body parts have an ulnar collateral ligament?
thumb and elbow
the olecranon is a part of the radius or the ulna?
ulna
when you hit your "funny bone," what nerve is affected?
ulnar nerve
what injury is characterized by these signs? - paresthesia to the lateral half of 4th finger and entire 5th finger - weakness in fingers - lack of grip strength
ulnar nerve injuries
what injury may these cause? - athletes with pronounced outward carrying angle - nerve impingement
ulnar nerve injuries
what injury is characterized by these signs? - pain in elbow - inability to throw - point tenderness over ligament
ulnar/medial collateral ligament
what is the most common elbow sprain?
ulnar/medial collateral ligament
what does tingling or numbness in the 4th and 5th digits identify?
unlar nerve injury
what is the rule of thumb to know whether to reduce a dislocation or not?
whether or not the patient has had previous dislocations. If it's the first time you shouldn't reduce because you need imaging to rule out fractures
what injury is characterized by these signs? - localized neck pain - restricted motion - muscle guarding - symptoms persists for a long time - tenderness over spinous and transverse processes
whiplash
what injury may these cause? - combination of hyperflexion and hyperextension - MVA
whiplash
what injury is characterized by these signs? - slow appearance of a lump on the dorsal side of the wrist - pain with wrist extension
wrist ganglion
what injury may these cause? - repeated forced hyperextension of the wrist
wrist ganglion
a ___________ can mimic carpal fracture or colles fracture, so imaging must be done to rule it out
wrist sprain
what injury is characterized by these signs? - pain & swelling of the wrist - difficulty moving wrist
wrist sprain
what injury may these cause? - falling on outstretched hands when the wrist is hyperextended - abnormal or forced movement of the wrist
wrist sprain
can you reduce an elbow dislocation on the field?
you technically can but that's stupid... so don't. You should definitely get imaging done to prevent fractures or impingements
what phase of the correct throwing technique do these characteristics describe? - initially shoulder is in maximal external rotation - ends when shoulder is in maximal internal rotation - shoulder external rotators contract eccentrically to decelerate the humerus A) cocking phase B) deceleration phase C) follow-through phase D) acceleration phase
B) deceleration phase
what phase of the correct throwing technique do these characteristics describe? - lead leg strides forward - shoulder starts to abduct and externally rotate A) cocking phase B) wind up phase C) follow-through phase D) acceleration phase
B) wind up phase (this is the preparation phase)
the ____ vertebrae is prominent enough to separate the cervical spine and thoracic spine
C7 (anything above is cervical and anything below is thoracic)
what phase of the correct throwing technique do these characteristics describe? - shoulder remains in maximal external rotation A) cocking phase B) deceleration phase C) follow-through phase D) acceleration phase
D) acceleration phase
what injury is characterized by these signs? - the distal interphalangeal joint cannot be flexed - finger stuck in extension
jersey finger
what injury may these cause? - rupture of the flexor digitorum profundus from its insertion into the distal phalanx
jersey finger
what injury is characterized by these signs? - "deep" pain - constant aches
labral tears
what injury may these cause? - glenohumeral dislocation - fall on outstretched arms - acute or chronic throwing motion
labral tears
what injury is characterized by these signs? - aching pain at lateral epicondyle - tenderness - weakness - pain on resisted extension of the wrist
lateral epicondylitis
what injury may these cause? - repetitive forceful extension of the wrist causing irritation to the tendons attachment of the extensor muscles at the lateral epicondyle
lateral epicondylitis
what is tennis elbow referring to?
lateral epicondylitis (because tennis players repetitively hit backhands since wrist extensors feed from the lateral epicondyle)
what injury is characterized by these signs? - discomfort in the low back - pain may be diffused or localized
low back muscle strain
what injury may these cause? - sudden extension with trunk rotation - chronic strain associated with faulty posture
low back muscle strain
what injury is characterized by these signs? - pain sitting - pain standing - tightness - potentially numbness and tingling
low back pain
what injury may these cause? - faulty posture - trauma to lower back
low back pain
what injury is characterized by these signs? - inability to fully extend finger - pain at distal interphalangeal joint - point tenderness
mallet finger
what injury may these cause? - blow to the tip of the finger - ruptured extensor tendon in the finger
mallet finger
what is a "baseball" or "basketball" finger referring to?
mallet finger
a counterforce brace is only effective in the care for ________ epicondylitis
medial
what injury is characterized by these signs? - aching pain at medial epicondyle - tenderness - weakness - pain on resisted flexion of the wrist
medial epicondylitis
what injury may these cause? - repetitive forceful flexion of the wrist causing irritation to the tendons attachment of the flexor muscles at the medial epicondyle
medial epicondylitis
what is golfer's elbow referring to?
medial epicondylitis (because repetitive golf player's chopping and baseball chopping motion can irritate the wrist flexors which feed to medial epicondyle)
what injury is characterized by these signs? - localized neck pain - restricted motion - muscle guarding
neck strain
what injury may these cause? - head turned suddenly - forced flexion, extension, or rotation of the neck
neck strain
what is the care for clavicle fractures?
nondisplaced: immobilization for 6-8 weeks displaced: surgery