autonomic nervous system

This organ contains modified sympathetic postganglionic neurons that lack nerve processes. A) adrenal medulla B) collateral ganglia C) stellate ganglion D) sympathetic chain ganglia

A) adrenal medulla

Which of these is not a characteristic of the parasympathetic division? A) branched fibers B) cholinergic fibers C) intramural ganglia D) myelinated fibers

A) branched fibers

Which of these characteristics definitively distinguishes the autonomic nervous system from the somatic nervous system? A) cell bodies outside the CNS B) cell bodies within the CNS C) cholinergic fibersD) myelinated axons

A) cell bodies outside the CNS

Sympathetic structures of the abdomen that lie anterior to the vertebral column. A) collateral ganglia B) rami communicantes C) pre-ganglionic neuron D) hypothalamus E) medulla oblongata

A) collateral ganglia

Another name for the ANS is the A) general visceral motor system. B) general somatic motor system. C) branchial motor system. D) general peripheral nervous system.

A) general visceral motor system.

Division that is dominant during rest, digestion, and excretion. A) parasympathetic B) enteric nervous system C) inferior hypogastric plexus D) sympathetic E) cholinergic

A) parasympathetic

Division of the ANS most active when the body is at rest describes the A) parasympathetic division.B) sympathetic division.C) autonomic nervous system.

A) parasympathetic division

This division can also be called the craniosacral division. A) parasympathetic divisionB) sympathetic divisionC) autonomic nervous system

A) parasympathetic division

Sacral nerves carrying parasympathetic innervation to the pelvic organs. A) pelvic splanchnic nervesB) sacral splanchnic nervesC) thoracic splanchnic nerves D) vagus nerveE) enteric nervous system

A) pelvic splanchnic nerves

The parasympathetic nervous system is characterized by A) peripheral ganglia near the organs, and short postganglionic fibers B) peripheral ganglia near the organs, and long postganglionic fibers. C) peripheral ganglia near the spinal cord, and short postganglionic fibers. D) peripheral ganglia near the spinal cord, and long postganglionic fibers.

A) peripheral ganglia near the organs, and short postganglionic fibers

Which of these descriptions is not a result of parasympathetic stimulation? A) production of goose bumpsB) constriction of the pupilsC) increased peristalsis of the digestive viscera D) contraction of the bladder wall in urination

A) production of goose bumps

Which autonomic division increases heart rate? A) sympathetic B) parasympathetic C) somatic D) cranial

A) sympathetic

Which division of the autonomic nervous system innervates the sweat glands in skin? A) sympathetic B) parasympathetic C) somatic D) integumentary

A) sympathetic

Which of these statements concerning the sympathetic division is incorrect? A) The preganglionic cell bodies form the lateral gray horn in some areas of the spinal cord. B) There is a sympathetic trunk ganglion for each of the 31 spinal nerves. C) There is approximately one chain ganglion for each spinal nerve. D) It is more complex than the parasympathetic system because it supplies more structures than the parasympathetic system.

B) There is a sympathetic trunk ganglion for each of the 31 spinal nerves.

A descriptive term that identifies the type of neurotransmitter released by sympathetic postganglionic fibers. A) postganglionic neuron B) adrenergic C) medulla D) cholinergic E) none of the above

B) adrenergic

Three-neuron reflex arcs that exist entirely within the walls of the digestive tract. A) parasympathetic B) enteric nervous system C) inferior hypogastric plexus D) sympathetic E) cholinergic

B) enteric nervous system

Adrenergic hormones are secreted into the bloodstream in this region of the adrenal gland. A) hypothalamus B) medulla C) medulla oblongata D) rami communicantes E) sympathetic trunk

B) medulla

Focusing the eye on a nearby object in the field of vision is a function of which division of the ANS? A) sympathetic B) parasympathetic C) somatic D) cranial

B) parasympathetic

In which autonomic division do nerve cell bodies lie closest to the organs being innervated? A) sympathetic B) parasympathetic C) visceral sensory D) somatic motor

B) parasympathetic

Which division of the autonomic nervous system has preganglionic fibers within the facial nerve? A) sympathetic B) parasympathetic C) somatic D) CNS

B) parasympathetic

What stimulates the adrenal medulla to secrete its excitatory neurohormones? A) postganglionic sympathetic neurons B) preganglionic sympathetic neurons C) preganglionic parasympathetic neurons D) postganglionic parasympathetic neurons

B) preganglionic sympathetic neurons

Division of the ANS most active during vigorous exercise describes the A) parasympathetic division.B) sympathetic division.C) autonomic nervous system.

B) sympathetic division

Division of the ANS responsible for the fight-or-flight response describes the A) parasympathetic division. B) sympathetic division. C) autonomic nervous system.

B) sympathetic division.

The secretions of the adrenal medulla act to supplement the effects of A) parasympathetic innervation. B) sympathetic stimulation. C) vagus nerve activity. D) reflex control.

B) sympathetic stimulation.

Ganglia of this structure are connected to the ventral rami of spinal nerves through the rami communicantes. A) collateral ganglia B) sympathetic trunk C) pre-vertebral gangliaD) inferior hypogastric plexus E) celiac ganglion

B) sympathetic trunk

The gray and white rami communicantes attach to the A) dorsal root ganglia.B) ventral rami.C) dorsal roots. D) spinal nerves.

B) ventral rami.

The adrenal medulla is stimulated by preganglionic neurons localized to gray matter of the spinal cordA) in the cervical region.B) in the upper thoracic region. C) in the lower thoracic region. D) in the lower lumbar region.

C) in the lower thoracic region.

The sympathetic system causes A) decreased blood glucose and peristalsis, and increased heart rate and blood pressure. B) increased blood glucose and peristalsis, and decreased heart rate and blood pressure. C) increased blood glucose, heart rate, and blood pressure, and decreased peristalsis. D) decreased blood glucose, heart rate, and blood pressure, and increased peristalsis.

C) increased blood glucose, heart rate, and blood pressure, and decreased peristalsis.

Network of autonomic axons giving rise to nerves of the pelvic organs. A) aortic plexus B) pulmonary plexus C) inferior hypogastric plexus D) stellate ganglionE) dorsal root ganglion

C) inferior hypogastric plexus

Parasympathetic ganglia that are located within the walls of the innervated organs are called A) collateral ganglia. B) dorsal root ganglia. C) intramural ganglia. D) paravertebral ganglia.

C) intramural ganglia.

Cell bodies of the preganglionic sympathetic neurons are located within the A) dorsal root ganglia.B) intramural ganglia.C) lateral gray horns of the spinal cord. D) sympathetic trunk.

C) lateral gray horns of the spinal cord.

Location in the brain of the cardiorespiratory and vasomotor control centers. A) hypothalamus B) medulla C) medulla oblongata D) rami communicantes E) sympathetic trunk

C) medulla oblongata

Cell body of this autonomic neuron lies within the CNS. A) collateral ganglia B) rami communicantes C) pre-ganglionic neuron D) splanchnic nervesE) post-ganglionic neuron

C) pre-ganglionic neuron

Which of these is not innervated by the ANS? A) cardiac muscle B) smooth muscle C) skeletal muscle D) glands

C) skeletal muscle

Which division of the nervous system is characterized by highly branched postganglionic fibers that innervate multiple organs? A) parasympathetic B) somatic motor C) sympathetic D) visceral sensory

C) sympathetic

The micturition (urination) reflex is controlled by a parasympathetic reflex pathway in which A) the preganglionic neurons are in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus in the brain. B) the preganglionic cell bodies are in the wall of the bladder. C) the preganglionic axons occur in pelvic splanchnic nerves. D) the postganglionic axons occur in the celiac plexus.

C) the preganglionic axons occur in pelvic splanchnic nerves.

The site of origin of the preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous system is the A) thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord .B) higher brain centers. C) chain and prevertebral ganglia. D) brain stem and the sacral region of the cord.

D) brain stem and the sacral region of the cord.

A class of preganglionic fibers present in both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. A) postganglionic neuronB) adrenergicC) medulla D) cholinergicE) none of the above

D) cholinergic

Cardiovascular effects of the sympathetic division include all of the following except A) constriction of most blood vessels. B) dilation of the vessels serving the skeletal muscles. C) increase in heart rate and force. D) dilation of the blood vessels serving the skin and digestive viscera.

D) dilation of the blood vessels serving the skin and digestive viscera.

54) Which of the following autonomic plexi does not lie on the aorta or on the main branches of the aorta?A) celiacB) superior mesenteric C) inferior mesenteric D) inferior hypogastric

D) inferior hypogastric

The trunk ganglia contain what kind of cell bodies? A) preganglionic parasympatheticB) postganglionic parasympatheticC) preganglionic sympathetic D) postganglionic sympathetic

D) postganglionic sympathetic

Short nerve branches that connect the ventral rami of spinal nerves to the sympathetic ganglia. A) hypothalamus B) medulla C) medulla oblongata D) rami communicantes E) sympathetic trunk

D) rami communicantes

The defecation and urination reflexes are integrated in the A) brain stem.B) cerebral cortex.C) hypothalamus. D) spinal cord.

D) spinal cord.

Division that is dominant during exercise, excitement, or emergencies. A) parasympatheticB) enteric nervous systemC) inferior hypogastric plexus D) sympatheticE) cholinergic

D) sympathetic

Sympathetic fibers leave the spinal cord in the A) craniosacral regions, and the postganglionic fibers secrete norepinephrine. B) thoracolumbar region, and the postganglionic fibers secrete acetylcholine. C) craniosacral regions, and the postganglionic fibers secrete acetylcholine. D) thoracolumbar region, and the postganglionic fibers secrete norepinephrine.

D) thoracolumbar region, and the postganglionic fibers secrete norepinephrine.

identify the pathway that correctly traces the movement of preganglionic sympathetic fibers. A) dorsal root to gray ramus communicans to sympathetic trunk ganglion B) dorsal root to sympathetic trunk ganglion to gray ramus communicans C) ventral root to sympathetic trunk ganglion to white ramus communicans D) ventral root to white ramus communicans to sympathetic trunk ganglion

D) ventral root to white ramus communicans to sympathetic trunk ganglion

Cell body of this autonomic neuron lies outside the CNS. A) collateral ganglia B) rami communicantes C) pre-ganglionic neuron D) splanchnic nerves E) post-ganglionic neuron

E) post-ganglionic neuron

The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions differ markedly in the branching of the postganglionic fibers. Explain the anatomical difference and its significance.

The postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic division are short and often enclosed within the tissues they innervate. In contrast, the postganglionic sympathetic fibers are highly branched and innervate multiple tissues; nerve impulses from one fiber will simultaneously activate multiple target tissues. The simultaneous activation of wide-ranging tissues and organs is necessary for a fight-or-flight response.

Contrast the structure of the somatic and autonomic motor neurons.

The somatic and autonomic nervous systems differ in the number of efferent motor fibers and in their diameter and presence of myelin. In both systems, the cell bodies of the somatic motor neuron and the autonomic preganglionic neuron are located within the CNS. The axons of these neurons are myelinated. Those of the somatic division are thicker in diameter. The preganglionic motor neurons of the ANS synapse with postganglionic neurons in a ganglion external to the CNS. The postganglionic fibers are thin and unmyelinated.

Identify three anatomical differences that distinguish the sympathetic division from parasympathetic division.

The two subdivisions of the ANS can be distinguished by (1) the location where the fibers leave the CNS, (2) the length of the postganglionic fibers and location of the ganglia, and (3) the degree of branching of the fibers. First, the sympathetic division arises from the thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord, whereas the parasympathetic arises from the cranial and sacral regions. Second, the postganglionic sympathetic fibers are longer than those of the parasympathetic division. The sympathetic fibers run from the sympathetic ganglia near the vertebral column to distant target tissues. The parasympathetic ganglia are often within the walls of the target tissue, giving rise to very short postganglionic fibers. Third, the fibers of the sympathetic division branch, allowing for innervation of multiple target tissues and simultaneous activation by the same preganglionic fiber.

What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation of respiratory bronchioles in the lungs? A) constriction B) dilation C) decreased secretion of mucus D) no effect

a. constriction

The overall integrating center for the ANS. A) hypothalamusB) medullaC) medulla oblongata D) rami communicantes E) sympathetic trunk

a. hypothalamus

he part of the brain that exerts more control over autonomic functioning than any other part is the A) hypothalamus. B) thalamus. C) cerebral cortex. D) cerebellum

a. hypothalamus

The adrenal medulla is comprised of modified sympathetic ________ neurons which secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.

adrenergic

Which of these statements concerning gray rami communicantes is incorrect? A) They carry postganglionic fibers to peripheral structures. B) Their fibers are unmyelinated. C) They contain all the preganglionic fibers traveling to the sympathetic chain. D) They are associated with sympathetic trunk ganglia.

c) They contain all the preganglionic fibers traveling to the sympathetic chain.

Which one of these is solely innervated by the parasympathetic division? A) adipose tissue B) arrector pili muscle of the hair follicle C.) ciliary muscle of the eye D) sweat glands

c) ciliary muscle of the eye

The general visceral motor division of the peripheral nervous system describes the A) parasympathetic division. B) sympathetic division. C) autonomic nervous system.

c. autonomic nervous system

Control of temperature, of autonomic nervous reflexes, of hunger, and of sleep are functions associated with theA) medulla.B) cerebellum. C) hypothalamus.D) thalamus.

c. hypothalamus

Postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic system are called ________ because they release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.

cholinergic

All of the following have only sympathetic innervation except the A) blood vessels.B) sweat glands.C) arrector pili. D) salivary glands.

d. salivary glands

Because the fibers of the sympathetic division arise from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord, they cannot innervate structures of the head or pelvis.

false

Fibers from the cranial and sacral regions of the spinal cord contribute to the sympathetic division

false

Parasympathetic fibers innervate the sweat glands, arrector pili, and smooth muscles of the arteries.

false

Parasympathetic stimulation of blood vessels causes vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure.

false

Postganglionic sympathetic fibers release norepinephrine and are called cholinergic fibers.

false

Sympathetic trunk ganglia contain the cell bodies of sensory neurons and are located in the dorsal root of the spinal cord.

false

The cardiac center of the medulla oblongata regulates the diameter of blood vessels.

false

The primary integrating center of the ANS is the ________ of the diencephalon.

hypothalamus

Autonomic fibers emerging from the craniosacral region of the spinal cord belong to the ________ division.

parasympathetic

Gray rami communicantes contain ________ sympathetic fibers that travel to peripheral structures.

postganglionic

Vasoconstriction and bronchodilation result from stimulation by the ________ division.

sympathetic

Sympathetic preganglionic fibers leaving the thoracic spinal nerves may ascend within the ________ before synapsing so that they can exit near the head.

sympathetic trunk

Adrenergic postganglionic neurons release the hormones norepinephrine and epinephrine.

true

Postganglionic sympathetic fibers are relatively long compared to those of the parasympathetic division.

true

Preganglionic fibers are myelinated, whereas postganglionic fibers are unmyelinated.

true

The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions can be distinguished by the amount of branching of the post-ganglionic fibers.

true

vagal stimulation of the heart decreases heart rate, resulting in a drop in blood pressure.

true