Autonomic Nervous System Mastering
Neurons in the parasympathetic pathway use which of the following neurotransmitters?
Acetylcholine
Which of the following is a modified sympathetic ganglion?
Adrenal Medulla
Which of the following is an effect of the parasympathetic nervous system?
Airway Constriction
Norepinephrene Receptors
Aplha-1; Beta-1; Beta-3
Epinephrene Receptors
Beta-1; Beta-2
Why is Buproprion used to help people who have chosen to quit smoking?
Buproprion mimics the effects of nicotine by keeping dopamine around at synapses.
A patient is prescribed a drug that increases neurotransmitter active transport in a synapse. What effect will this have?
Decreased neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft and decreased signaling of target cells
Sympathetic neurons stimulate vasoconstriction in the GI tract, while sympathetic neurons stimulate vasodilation in arterioles supplying skeletal muscles. Which mechanism explains these opposite effects?
Different receptors for the same neurotransmitter
With an up-regulation of receptors, how would you predict that a person would need to change the amount of nicotine consumed to get the same effects as they did in the beginning?
Increase use, because there are more receptors available for the chemical to bind to.
Which of the following characteristics is similar between the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches for most neurons?
Neurotransmitter is secreted from the preganglionic neuron.
How do the effects of chronic nicotine on nAChR expression differ from the predicted effects of a typical receptor agonist?
Nicotine causes up-regulation of nAChR.
Which type of acetylcholine receptor is present on postganglionic neurons, and which type is present on the target tissues in autonomic pathways?
Nicotinic on the postganglionic neurons and muscarinic on the target tissues
Acetycholine Receptors
Nicotinic; Muscarinic
The somatic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system both release acetylcholine (ACh) onto their target tissues. Do you predict that this would indicate that these two pathways carry out the same effects? Why or why not?
No, because the receptors found on the target tissue for each pathway are different.
Which of the following is an example of antagonistic control?
Parasympathetic stimulation causes bronchoconstriction, while sympathetic stimulation causes bronchodilation.
A patient is prescribed a muscarinic antagonist. This will inhibit signaling from which neurons?
Postganglionic Parasympathetic
Norepinephrene (NE) Site of Release
Postganglionic neuron from the sympathetic nervous system
Acetylcholine (Ach) Sites of Release
Somatic motor neuron; Preganglionic neuron from the sympathetic nervous system; Preganglionic neuron from the parasympathetic nervous system; Postganglionic neuron from the parasympathetic nervous system
A patient was exposed to a nerve gas during a chemical warfare attack. The nerve gas inhibited the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. What will happen to the amount of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft, and how can this be treated?
The amount of acetylcholine will increase; treat with a cholinergic receptor antagonist.
Which nervous system division has parasympathetic and sympathetic branches?
The autonomic division of the efferent nervous system
Why are some substances like nicotine difficult for users to stop using?
The nicotine in cigarettes enhances the reward pathways in the brain and the social aspects associated with smoking become pleasurable.
Ganglion
a location outside of the central nervous system where autonomic signals can synapse
Somatic Motor Neuron
a neuron that delivers an action potential from the central nervous system to a skeletal muscle
Preganglionic Autonomic Neuron
a neuron that delivers an action potential from the central nervous system to another neuron in the peripheral nervous system
Postganglionic Autonomic Neuron
a neuron that receives an action potential from another neuron and then delivers that action potential to a smooth muscle
The division of the efferent nervous system that controls smooth and cardiac muscles and many glands is the __________ division.
autonomic
Which of the following best describes the direction and function of efferent signals?
away from the central nervous system, cause motor effects in glands or muscles
Muscarine, a chemical produced by certain mushrooms, binds to muscarinic receptors mimicking the effect of acetylcholine. How do you think administering this chemical would change body function? The drug would _____________.
change the functionality of the heart; change the functionality of the smooth muscles within the digestive system; change the functionality of certain exocrine and endocrine glands
Which of the following is/are targets of the efferent nervous system?
glands; skeletal muscle; smooth muscle; cardiac muscle
A single neuron is stimulated at the central nervous system; this signal travels all the way to the target tissue, where the neurotransmitter acetylcholine is released onto the target tissue. The acetylcholine binds to a nicotinic receptor to induce skeletal muscle contraction. These steps describe the function of which branch of the efferent nervous system?
somatic
Which of the following are components of the efferent nervous system?
somatic motor neurons; parasympathetic neurons; sympathetic neurons
Autonomic Nervous System
sympathetic pathways; parasympathetic pathways; adrenal sympathetic pathways
