Autonomic Nervous System Physiology
Clonidine
*alpha 2 agonist *lowers sympathetic activity
Phenylephrine
*alpha agonist *cold medicine *activated by alpha 1
Atenolol
*beta 1 selective blocker *used for heart attacks
Propranolol
*beta blocker both beta 1 and beta 2 receptors *not used for asthmatics
nicotinic receptors
*binds nicotine (only good for concentration) *ionotropic= uses ions *always excitatory
muscarinic receptors
*binds to muscarine *metabotropic= activates the "G" protein *can be both excitatory and inhibitory
autonomic nervous system
*controls the INVOLUNTARY (Can't Control) to divisions 1.Parasympathetic Nervous System: Rest and Digest 2.Sympathetic Nervous System: Fight or Flight *Regulates cardiac and smooth muscles and glands *Consists of preganglionic and postganglionic neurons
effector organ
*endocrine glands *smooth muscle *heart *blood vessels
Alpha 1 receptors
*increases intracellular calcium *constricts vessels and sphincters.
Beta 1 receptors
*located in the HEART *they increase heart rate and force of contraction (heart beats harder and faster).
Beta 2 receptors
*located on smooth muscles of the lung bronchials,skeletal muscle vessels and coronary vessels,bladder,GI tract muscles and uterine smooth muslces. *its response is Relaxation.
autonomic neurons
*motor neurons that make up the ANS *EFFERNT: AWAY! from the brain to effector organ *postganglionic neuron= cell body inside the brain *postganglionic neuron= travels to effector organ *chain ganglia= found in the head and the neck along the spinal chord.
Epinephrine drug
*old asthma med *replaced by les problematic drugs
SA node
*pacemaker of the heart *sympathetic=high heart rate *parasympathtic=slower heart rate *COMPLIMENTRY AND CORROPERATIVE EFFECTS
andrenergic receptors
*release NE and epinephrine (adrenaline) *sympathtic nervous system *Two main classes Alpha and Beta *All works via "G" protein
sympathetic pathways
*use acetylcholine and norepinephrine *part of Autonomic Nervous System 1.Neroun starts in the Central Nervous System (CNS) has a short pre ganglionic neuron 2.Uses acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter 3.Binds to a Nicotinic Receptor 4.After the Autonomic Ganglia has a long post ganglionic neuron. 5.Relases Norepinephrine 6.Binds to an Andrenergic Receptor on the target tissue
parasympathetic pathways
*uses only acetylcholine 1.Neuron starts in the Central Nervous System has a long preganglionic neuron 2.Uses acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter 3.Binds to a Nicotinic Receptor 4.After Autonomic Ganglia it releases acetylcholine has a short postganglionic neuron. 5.Binds to a Muscarinic Receptor on the target tissue
Norepinephrine
A neurotransmitter involved in arousal, as well as in learning and mood regulation
sympathetic nervous system
FIGHT and FLIGHT response *increases heart rate *decreases digestion or GI motility *decreases urine output *increases bronchodilation *pupil diameter increases *decreases sexual arousal *ejaculation/shoot
Epinephrine
Neurotransmitter secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress. Also known as adrenaline.
parasympathetic nervous system
REST and DIGEST response *stimulates flow of saliva-DIGEST *slows heart rate-REST *constricts bronchi/lungs-REST *stimulates peristalsis and secretion-DIGEST *lowers blood pressure-REST *increases urine output-REST *erection/point
cholinergic
Referring to cells that use acetylcholine as their synaptic transmitter. •Somatic motor neurons (neuromuscular junction) -Excitatory , stimulate contraction •All preganglionic neurons -Excitatory , stimulate postganglionic fibers •postganglionic autonomic cholinergic neurons Both excitatory and inhibitory »Slows heart, but activates GI tract
chain ganglia
a sequence of ganglia running parallel to spinal column on either side
In what nervous system causes involuntary actions?
autonomic nervous system moves cardiac and smooth muslces
central nervous system
brain and spinal cord
efferent neurons
motor neurons that go away from the brain to effector organ.
postganglionic neuron
neurons of the autonomic nervous system that form synapses directly with their target effector organ.
effector organs
organs that respond to stimuli from the nervous system
vagal divison
parasympathetic
preganglionic neuron
the efferent neuron of the autonomic nervous system whose cell body is located in the brain.
vagus nerve
the tenth cranial nerve that innervates digestive organs, heart and other areas. *stimulating muscles in the pharynx, larynx, and the soft palate, which is the fleshy area near the back of the roof of the mouth stimulating muscles in the heart, where it helps to lower resting heart rate stimulating involuntary contractions in the digestive tract, including the esophagus, stomach, and most of the intestines, which allow food to move through the tract
endocrine organs
thyroid gland, pituitary gland, sex glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, parathyroid glands
Alpha 2 receptors
when you activate this you inhibit the sympathetic response
