Avit 309 block 1 book questions and answers study set.
What is the critical risk value above which evolved gas issued are prevalent?
1.5
To what altitude can humans fully physiologically acclimatize?
10,000
physiologically , supplemental oxygen should be used above what altitude?
10,000 ft
What altitudes apply to the physiologic deficient zone?
10,000-50,000 ft
What is the first step to treating hypoxia of any type?
100% oxygen
What is the number one step in treatment of suspected DCS
100% oxygen
How many breaths per min does the average human maintain?
12-20
Fr part 92 operations, above altitude should a pilot be using supplemental oxygen?
14,000 ft
What is the partial pressure of the atmospheric oxygen at SL?
159 mmHg
How long does it take for a human to fully physiologically acclimate
18.4 days per mile of altitude
What is the gas expansion at FL250?
3 x
How much does temp decrease per 1000 ft as we ascend
3.5 degrees F
According to NASA's studies on loss of control inflight (LOC-I) accidents, which percentage occured from the aircrews "inappropriate response or interactions" with aircraft equipment?
46%
Where does space equivalent zone begin?
50,000 ft
According to FAA experts, what percentage of aviation accidents are caused by human influence?
60-80%
When US military first invested time and resources into aviation training, what number of pilots died from "pilot error" out of the first 100 fatalities?
90
What medical professional should be standing by to receive DCS patients?
AME
Where is atmospheric pressure the densest?
Below 10,000 ft
Which gas law applies to trapped gas issues in aviators?
Boyle's law
Proper oxygenation of what cells in the respiration process are most important for aviators?
Brain/cell neurons
The primary control for respiration in humans is regulated by what gas?
Carbon dioxide
What is the primary gas chemically controlling human breathing?
Carbon dioxide
What type of pilot response is best used in extreme stress events?
Conditioned or muscle memory
What is the best way to avoid ear and sinus blocks inflight?
Do not fly with a cold
What two areas of trapped gas are most likely to occur on descent?
Ears, sinuses
What are the common areas of trapped gas in humans?
Ears, sinuses, GI tract, teeth, lungs
What pathway connects the middle ear with throat?
Eustachian tube
What physiological issue does Henry's law apply to?
Evolved Gas
For some equilirated to SL, what altitude represents the threshold for evolved gas problems?
FL180
T/F. a pilot may be comfortable knowing maintenance checked their oxygen mask prior to flight.
False
True or false. Effective performance times are guaranteed times a pilot can depend on to maintain consciousness at a given altitude?
False
Which type of oxygen is typically found on commercial aircraft?
Gaseous
Which two forms of oxygen storage systems are found on civilian aircraft?
Gaseous and chemical
Which law distorts the mechanisms behind evolved gas disorders?
Henrys law
What physiological issue does Daltons law apply to?
Hypoxia
What are the four types of hypoxia?
Hypoxic, hypemic, histotoxic, stagnant
What is the most dangerous characteristic of hypoxia?
Insidious onset
What three steps should be taken during lithium ion battery thermal runaway event?
Isolate, extinguish, cool
Which atmospheric gas evolves into bubbles to create evolved gas disorders?
Nitrogen
Is it always possible to descend to 10,000 ft in emergencies?
No
Is it safe to use petroleum based products around 100% oxygen?
No
Should vasoconstrictor sprays be used to clear normal ear blocks?
No, emergency use only
What is percentage of oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere?
O2 21% N2 78%
The secondary control for respiration in humans is regulated by what gas?
Oxygen
What four elements need to be maintained in humans for homeostasis with your environment?
Oxygen, nutrition, rest, hydration
What is the best way to clear GI ga?
Pass flatus or belch on ascent
What is the SCREAM check?
Preflight and inflight check of the oxygen system
What physiological issue does Charles' law apply to?
Pressure gauge fluctuation
What aircraft system provides the best prevention measure against DCS?
Pressurization
What cell is responsible to transport oxygen in the cardiovascular system?
Red blood cell
What physiological issue does Graham's law apply to?
Respiration
What civilian aviation safety organization was the first, and when were they established?
Royal aeronautical society in 1866
Doing what prior to flight increases the probability of DCS exponentially?
SCUBA diving
What altitudes apply to the zone of physiologic efficiency?
SL-10,000ft
What two areas of trapped gas are most likely to occur in ascent?
Teeth, GI tract
Which presentation of DCS is most likely to occur in aviators?
The bends
What is the basic definition of respiration?
The exchange of gasses between a living organism and its environment
What is the purpose of pressure demand regulators?
To raise oxygen partial pressure at the lung level
Where does temp stabilize in the atmosphere?
Top of the troposphere
What physiological issue does Boyle's law apply to?
Trapped Gas
True of False. Human respiration can be voluntarily controlled?
True
True or false. The effects of medications may exacerbate the effects of hypoxia at altitude?
True
Which type of DCS is most likely to occur in aviators?
Type I
Which type of DCS is most likely to be life threatening?
Type II
What is the most effective method of clearing an ear or sinus?
Valsalva
What are the four phases of respiration?
Ventilation, respiration, transportation, utilization
What are the tiny air sacs in the lungs where oxygen diffuses into the blood stream called?
alveoli
Below what oxygen saturation level does collapse normally occur at?
below 60%
What are the four presentations of DCS?
bends , skin, chokes, CNS
What is the first human function lost to hypoxia?
cognition
What are the three types of aircraft oxygen delivery systems?
continuous flow, diluter demand, pressure demand
What typically causes hyperventilation?
emotional
T/F. a smoke hood should always be used before a pilot dons an oxygen mask?
false
T/F. ear blocks are always accompanied by pain?
false
True or false. The loss oxygen occurring from breathing too fast causes hyperventilation
false
What do oxygen molecules bind to in the transport process?
hemoglobin
Alcohol is an example of which type of hypoxia
histotoxic
Which type of hypoxia is caused by carbon monoxide poisoning?
hypemic
Which type of hypoxia relates to altitude?
hypoxic
Hypercapnia is cause by low amounts of what gas in the bloodstream?
oxygen
What is the secondary gas chemically controlling breathing rate?
oxygen
Hyperventilation may cause what type of hypoxia
stagnant
What form of hypoxia is produced by hyperventilation?
stagnant
Which presentation of DCS is the least likely to occur and also the most dangerous?
the chokes
T/F. pilots should treat hyperventilation exactly the same as hypoxia
true
T/F. the subjective symptoms of hyperventilation are similar to hypoxia
true
True or false. A lack of nutrition may affect an individuals effective performance time?
true
True or false. Hypoxia may affect higher cognitive function at altitudes as low as 5,000 ft
true
