B Vitamins

The symptom(s) of thiamin deficiency best explained by its role in glucose metabolism are: a. weakness and muscle pain b. inflamed throat and dry skin c. hunger d. atherosclerosis

A. weakness and muscle pain

What is the relationship between vitamin B6 and cardiovascular disease? a. Vitamin B6 dilates arteries. b. Vitamin B6 improves the oxygen carrying capacity of hemoglobin. c. Vitamin B6 breaks down methionine. d. Vitamin B6 breaks down homocysteine.

d. Vitamin B6 breaks down homocysteine.

Which of the following can be synthesized by the body? a. iodine b. vitamin B6 c. thiamin d. choline

d. choline

Riboflavin in its coenzyme form functions in the transfer of a. methyl groups b. amine groups c. carbon atoms d. hydrogen atoms

d. hydrogen atoms

Which of the following is indicative of a riboflavin deficiency? a. keratomalacia b. beriberi c. diarrhea d. inflamed tongue

d. inflamed tongue

What vitamin forms a part of coenzyme A? a. biotin b. folate c. riboflavin d. pantothenic acid

d. pantothenic acid

Which vitamin is said to be needed "everywhere" in the body? a. thiamin b. riboflavin c. niacin d. pantothenic acid

d. pantothenic acid

Supplementation of this vitamin may be useful in treating the symptoms of PMS. a. B6 b. B12 c. C d. B1

a. B6

What is the association between a diet based on corn and niacin deficiency? Select all that apply. a. Corn has a low-tryptophan content. b. The niacin is bound to other molecules. c. Corn has a high phenylalanine content. d. The niacin is bound to iron.

a. Corn has a low-tryptophan content. b. The niacin is bound to other molecules.

How is pantothenic acid involved in the synthesis of fatty acids? a. It is an essential component of aceyl carrier proteins. b. It is a precursor to pyrophosphate. c. It combines with riboflavin to form FAD. d. It combines with niacin to form NAD.

a. It is an essential component of aceyl carrier proteins.

How is folate thought to influence the development of spina bifida? a. It is needed for closure of the neural tube. b. It is needed for DNA replication. c. It is needed to convert homocysteine to methionine. d. It is needed for proper division of RBCs.

a. It is needed for closure of the neural tube.

All food groups in MyPlate contain good sources of pantothenic acid. a. True b. False

a. True

Choline is one of the newest 'vitamins' to be discovered, and scientists are still learning much about it. a. True b. False

a. True

Flavin adenine dinucleotide functions as an electron carrier delivering electrons to the electron transport chain. a. True b. False

a. True

The synthetic form of folate is more easily absorbed by the body than the form naturally found in foods. a. True b. False

a. True

Vitamin B12 is found exclusively in animal products. a. True b. False

a. True

Which of the following are good sources of vitamin B6? Select all that apply. a. brown rice b. chicken c. white enriched bread d. beans

a. brown rice b. chicken d. beans

The chief neurological symptoms of vitamin B6 deficiency include a. confusion and depression b. muscle cramps and stiffness c. profound fatigue and anemia d. inflammation of the mouth and tongue

a. confusion and depression

What is the primary function of thyroid hormones? a. control of metabolic rate b. precursors for hemoglobin synthesis c. regulate lipid metabolism d. control of appetite

a. control of metabolic rate

Which of the following is the best source of choline? a. eggs b. pinto beans c. milk d. peanuts

a. eggs

A deficiency of which of the following vitamins results in accumulation of homocysteine in the blood? a. folate b. biotin c. niacin d. riboflavin

a. folate

What vitamin is mainly involved with the replacement of red blood cells? a. folate b. thiamin c. niacin d. riboflavin

a. folate

Which of the following MyPlate groups are the best sources of thiamin? a. grains and proteins b. grains and dairy c. proteins and vegetables d. fruits and vegetables

a. grains and proteins

The MOST common cause of iodine deficiency is a. insufficient intake of iodine from foods. b. overconsumption of other trace minerals. c. overconsumption of goitrogens. d. pituitary deficiencies of thyroid-stimulating hormones.

a. insufficient intake of iodine from foods.

Which of the following are functions of iodine in the body? Select all that apply. a. nervous system development b. regulation of appetite c. regulation of basal metabolic rate d. regulation of growth

a. nervous system development c. regulation of basal metabolic rate d. regulation of growth

A low-protein diet in which corn is a principal food has been found to cause a deficiency of what vitamin? a. niacin b. thiamin c. vitamin C d. vitamin B12

a. niacin

Which of the following groups is at increased risk for biotin deficiency? Select all that apply. a. people receiving certain anticonvulsant medications b. people with malabsorption GI issues c. people who consume large amounts of raw eggs each day d. athletes

a. people receiving certain anticonvulsant medications b. people with malabsorption GI issues c. people who consume large amounts of raw eggs each day

Milk and milk products provide liberal amounts of which of the following vitamins? a. riboflavin b. thiamin c. niacin d. choline

a. riboflavin

Symptoms of biotin deficiency include which of the following? Select all that apply. a. skin rash b. hair loss c. low muscle tone d. sore on the mouth and tongue

a. skin rash b. hair loss c. low muscle tone

Choline is required for all of the following except a. synthesis of hemoglobin. b. synthesis of the myelin sheath c. VLDL transport. d. function of cell membranes.

a. synthesis of hemoglobin.

Choline is classified as a B-vitamin. a. True b. False

b. False

What is the function of intrinsic factor in vitamin B12 absorption? a. It catalyzes release of the vitamin from its protein-bound form. b. It binds to the vitamin thereby allowing absorption from the intestines. c. It acts as a storage protein for the vitamin within the intestinal epithelial cells. d. It acts as a cofactor for mucosal enzymes involved in absorption.

b. It binds to the vitamin thereby allowing absorption from the intestines.

Why does biotin have an AI rather than an RDA? a. It is not essential in the diet. b. It can synthesized by intestinal bacteria. c. The amount needed in the diet is negligible. d. It can be synthesized by the skin with exposure to sunlight.

b. It can synthesized by intestinal bacteria.

All of the following are properties of folate in nutrition except a. It requires enzymes on the intestinal mucosa to enhance its absorption from foods. b. It functions primarily in the mineralization of bone. c. It is needed for the synthesis of DNA. d. It is needed for the breakdown of homocysteine.

b. It functions primarily in the mineralization of bone.

All of the following are true regarding functions of thiamin except a. it is necessary for the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA b. it is an antioxidant helping to neutralize free radicals c. it is needed to help convert the 6-carbon glucose into the 5-carbon sugars for DNA and RNA d. it is required for normal function of the nervous system

b. it is an antioxidant helping to neutralize free radicals

Riboflavin is most easily destroyed when exposed to a. heat b. light c. acid d. alkali

b. light

Niacin deficiency is manifested in all of the following organ systems except the a. skin. b. skeletal system c. nervous system d. gastrointestinal system

b. skeletal system

A similar type of anemia is produced when there is a deficiency of either a. folate or niacin. b. vitamin B12 or folate. c. vitamin B12 or niacin. d. vitamin B6 or vitamin B12.

b. vitamin B12 or folate.

All of the following are true regarding vitamin B6 and anemia except a. Red blood cells are microcytic. b. Red blood cells are pale due to lack of hemoglobin. c. Red blood cells are megaloblastic. d. Hemoglobin synthesis is impaired.

c. Red blood cells are megaloblastic.

Which of the following properties is shared by niacin and riboflavin coenzymes? a. acceptance and transfer of methyl groups b. acceptance and transfer of carboxyl groups c. acceptance and transfer of hydrogen atoms. d. acceptance and transfer of amino groups.

c. acceptance and transfer of hydrogen atoms.

Which of the following vitamins is synthesized by intestinal bacteria? a. Vit. B6 b. niacin c. biotin d. pantothenic acid

c. biotin

A women with severe iodine deficiency during pregnancy may give birth to a child with a. anemia b. rickets c. cretinism d. allergies

c. cretinism

Which of the following diets is most likely to lead to beriberi? a. high intakes of whole grains b. high intakes of cooked shelfish c. high intakes of white rice d. low intakes of enriched grains

c. high intakes of white riceWhich of the following functions has a requirement for thiamin?

Which of the following is required for the absorption of dietary vitamin B12? a. bile b. lipase c. intrinsic factor d. glutamate

c. intrinsic factor

Goiter is caused primarily by a deficiency of a. iron b. zinc c. iodine d. selenium

c. iodine

Which of the following functions has a requirement for thiamin? a. blood coagulation b. formation of red blood cells c. metabolic breakdown of carbs and some amino acids d. synthesis of the neurotransmitter serotonin

c. metabolic breakdown of carbs and some amino acids

Which of the following foods has the highest amount of pantothenic acid per serving? a. lentils b. trout c. sunflower seeds d. chicken

c. sunflower seeds

Pernicious anemia results from a deficiency of a. folate. b. selenium. c. vitamin B12. d. iron.

c. vitamin B12