BA 350: Chapter 3 Attitudes and Job Satisfaction

What are the 3 major job attitudes?

1 JOB SATISFACTION 2. JOB INVOLVEMENT 3. ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT

What are the 4 moderators of the attitudes relationship?

1. CORRESPONDENCE TO BEHAVIOR 2. ACCESSIBILITY 3. the presence of SOCIAL PRESSURES 4. and whether a person has a DIRECT EXPERIENCE with the attitude

what are the 4 categories managers tend to identify their employees as belonging to?

1. ENTHUSIASTIC STAYERS 2. RELUCTANT STAYERS 3. ENTHUSIASTIC LEAVERS (planning to leave) 4. RELUCTANT LEAVERS (not planning to leave but should leave)

what are the 4 employee responses to dissatisfaction?

1. EXIT 2. VOICE 3. LOYALTY 4. NEGLECT

Festinger proposed that the desire to reduce dissonance depends on what 3 factors?

1. IMPORTANCE of the elements creating it 2. the degree of INFLUENCE we believe we have over them 3. REWARDS of dissonance

what are 2 other job attitudes? (not the major ones of job satisfaction, job involvement, or organizational commitment)

1. PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT (POS) 2. EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT

what are the 2 ways to measure job satisfaction?

1. SINGLE GLOBAL RATING 2. SUMMATION OF JOB FACETS

3 components of attitude: _____ = evaluation _____ = feeling _____= action

1. cognitive 2. action 3. behavior

Example: An employee didn't get a promotion he thought he deserved; a coworker got it instead. The employee's ATTITUDE toward his supervisor goes as follows: 1. _____: the employee thought he deserved the promotion 2. _______: he strongly dislikes his supervisor 3. ______: he has complained and taken action

1. cognitive 2. action 3. behavior

what are the 3 components of attitude?

1. cognitive 2. affective 3. behavioral

in the exit-voice-loyalty-neglect framework, the responses differ along which 2 dimensions?

1. constructive/destructive 2. active/passive

what two factors comprise the "gold standard" for employee commitment?

1. emotional attachment to an organization 2. belief in its values

what factors lead to job satisfaction?

1. nature of the work (employees whose jobs involved caregiving, and those who worked in skilled trades, were more satisfied) 2. structural characteristics of the job (people who worked for companies with fewer than 100 employees, and people whose jobs were involved supervising others, were more satisfied. 3. demographics (employees were least satisfied in their 40s) 4. personality (positive self-core evaluations more satisfied than people with negative self-core evaluations)

what are 3 things people perceive their organizations as supportive?

1. rewards are deemed fair 2. employees have a voice in decisions 3. when they see their supervisors as supportive

What model is helpful in understanding the consequences of dissatisfaction?

EXIT-VOICE-LOYALTY-NEGLECT FRAMEWORK

_______ component of attitude is the emotional or feeling segment of attitude.

affective

the statement "I am angry over how little I'm paid" is the _______ component of attitude.

affective

__________ are evaluative statements- either favorable or unfavorable- about objects, people, or events. They reflect how we feel about something.

attitudes

________ component of attitude describes an intention to behave to behave in a certain way toward someone or something.

behavioral

the statement "I'm going t look for a job that pays better" is the _______ component of attitude.

behavioral

as with job satisfaction, high levels of both job involvement and psychological empowerment are positively related to ______ and _______.

citizenship behavior job performance

_________ component of attitude is a description of or belief in the way things are.

cognitive

the statement "my pay is low" is the ________ component of attitude.

cognitive

Fesstinger proposed that cases of attitude FOLLOWING behavior illustrate the effects of _______, any incompatibility an individual might perceive between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes.

cognitive dissonance

viewing the three components --- ______, _____, and ______ is helpful in understanding the complexity and potential relationship between attitudes and relationships.

cognitive, affective, behavior

________ is the total loss to the organization of employee knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics

collective turnover

voice is _______ and ______

constructive/active

loyalty is _______ and ______

constructive/passive

Research has shown that people who have positive __________ - who believe in their inner worth and basic competence- are more satisfied with their jobs than those with negative ___________.

core-self evaluations

exit is _______ and ______

destructive/active

neglect is _______ and ______

destructive/passive

_______ becomes a real concern for most organizations because surveys indicate that few employees (between 17 and 29 percent) are highly engaged by their work.

employee engagement

________ is an individual's involvement with, satisfaction with, and enthusiasm from the work she does.

employee engagement

what response to dissatisfaction is this? ______ directs behavior toward leaving the organization, including looking for a new position as well as resigning.

exit

In ______ power-distance countries like China, employee POS perceptions are not as based on demonstrations of fairness, support, and encouragement.

high

in the EXIT response , researchers study ___________ and _________

individual terminations collective turnover

______ measures the degree to which people identify psychologically with their jobs and consider their perceived performance levels to self-worth.

job involvement

When people speak of employee attitudes, they usually mean ________, which describes a positive feeling about a job, resulting form an evaluation of its characteristics.

job satisfaction

Of the 3 main job attitudes, which 2 attitudes are the most widely studied?

job satisfaction organization commitment

In ______ power-distance countries like the United States, people are more likely to view work as an exchange than as a moral obligation, so employees look for reasons to feel supported by their organizations

low

what response to dissatisfaction is this? ______ means passively but optimistically waiting for conditions to improve, including speaking up for the organization in the face of external criticism and trusting the organization and its management "to do the right thing"

loyalty

what is the relationship between job satisfaction and OCB (organizational citizenship behavior)?

moderate relationship (fairness perceptions)

According to job satisfaction levels by facet, people are______ satisfied with their jobs overall, the work itself, and with their supervisors and coworkers and people are _____ satisfied with their pay and promotion opportunities.

more less

what is the relationship between job satisfaction and absenteeism

negative relationship (moderate to weak)

what response to dissatisfaction is this? ______ passively allows condition to worsen and includes chronic absenteeism or lateness, reduced effort, and increased error rate.

neglect

is the single globe rating or summation of job facets more superior?

neither are more superior. this is one of those rate instances in which simplicity seems to work as well as complexity, making one method essentially as valid as the other.

an employee with ___________ identifies with a particular organization and its goals and wishes to remain a member.

organizational commitment

An example of _________ is when R&D engineer John Greene was diagnosed with leukemia, and the CEO and 350 fellow Salesforce.com employees covered all out-of-pocket costs for his care, staying in touch with him throughout his recovery.

perceived organizational support (POS)

______ is the degree to which employees believe the organization values their contributions and cares about their well-being.

perceived organizational support (POS)

______ is the employees' beliefs in the degree to which they influence their work environments, their competencies, the meaningfulness of their jobs, and their perceived autonomy.

psychological empowerment

the satisfaction-turnover relationship: if an employee is presented with an unsolicited job offer, job dissatisfaction is less predictive of turnover because the employee is more likely leaving in response to "_____" (the lure of the other job) than "_____" (the unattractiveness of the current job)

pull, push

In Festinger's idea of cogntive dissonance, high rewards accompanying high dissonance tend to ________ the tension inherent in the dissonance.

reduce (the dissonance is less distressing if accompanied by something goof, such as higher pay raise than expected)

what measure of job satisfaction is this?: response to one question, "All things considered, how satisfied are you with you job?" Respondents circle a number 1 - 5 form "highly satisfied" to "highly dissatisfied"

single global rating

what is the relationship between job satisfaction and customer satisfaction?

strong relationship

what is the relationship between job satisfaction and job performance?

strong relationship

what is the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover?

stronger than absenteeism

what measure of job satisfaction is this?: identifies key elements in a job such as the nature of the work, supervision, present pay, promotion opportunities, and relationships with coworkers.

summation of job facets

what response to dissatisfaction is this? ______ includes actively and constructively attempting to improve conditions, including suggesting improvements, discussing problems with superiors, and undertaking some forms of union activity.

voice

Evidence suggests that _____ cultures have higher levels of job satisfaction than ______ cultures. ____ and _____ have the highest levels of job satisfaction ______ has the lowest level of job satisfaction

western, eastern mexico/switzerland china