BA302 Organizational Behavior - Chapter 6 Design COMBINED
If you wanted to be perceived as a fair person, take this piece of advice: a. "People are selfish, they care only about their own justice level." b. "Treat everyone equally when distributing rewards. Differentiation in rewards often leads to unfairness." c. "Make your own decisions, you are the boss. Since you are accountable for those decisions, you do not need to waste time listening to everyone's opinions." d. "Think before you speak. Be considerate of others."
"Think before you speak. Be considerate of others."
What are the 5 core job characteristics?
1. skill variety 2. task identity 3. task significance 4. autonomy 5. feedback
Which of the following statements is true? a. A need for achievement can be a destructive element in relationships with colleagues. b. A high need for affiliation serves as a real advantage in managerial positions especially with regard to conducting performance appraisals. c. A high need for power is a trait of those successful in the sales area. d. A need for power can have an altruistic form.
A need for power can have an altruistic form
Which of the following statements about exit interviews is true?
An exit interview should be conducted by a member of the human resource department for best results.
Which of the following statements is true?
Attitude provides clues to behavior, but situational factors also impact behavior.
Which of the following is a tip discussed in the textbook to make disciplining an employee more effective? a. Discipline when you have time b. Be consistent in your treatment of employees c. Punishment is always the most effective way to modify behavior c. Punishment is always the most effective way to modify behavior d. Document behavior only if it is very severe
Be consistent in your treatment of employees
Which of the following statements is true about the manner in which managers can influence the perceptions of expectancy theory? a. Individuals with an internal locus of control and high self-esteem believe there is little connection between their effort and performance so a great deal of feedback is needed to motivate them. b. Regardless of the performance rating given on a performance evaluation, make certain that everyone gets a small raise annually. c. Recognize good performance of individuals with cost effective items like coffee mugs and t-shirts. d. Conduct employee surveys periodically to ascertain what employees consider to be rewards for performance and integrate that in some manner into the performance evaluation program.
Conduct employee surveys periodically to ascertain what employees consider to be rewards for performance and integrate that in some manner into the performance evaluation program.
Which of the following statements regarding job performance is INCORRECT?
Contrary to what most people would think, stress has very little impact on job performance.
How could a firm best satisfy an employee's safety needs? a. Enroll the employee in a Microsoft Office training course. b. Provide an employee appreciation luncheon. c. Develop a weekly employee bowling league. d. Create a job security clause in the employment contract.
Create a job security clause in the employee contract
In comparing Maslow's heirachy of needs theory to Alderfer's ERG theory a. ERG theory recognizes more than one need may operate at one time. b. Maslow's theory recognizes more than one need may operate at one time. c. ERG theory is based upon observations of individuals in clinical settings. d. Maslow's theory suggests that individuals who are frustrated in their attempts to satisfy one need may regress to another one.
ERG theory recognizes more than one need may operate at one time
Which of the following statements regarding SMART goals is correct?
Effective goals tend to be aggressive.
Which of the following statements regarding SMART goals is correct? Easy goals are the most effective goals. When goals are specific, stress is higher. Adding a time limit to a goal leads to short-term decision making and ignoring the long term consequences. Effective goals tend to be aggressive.
Effective goals tend to be aggressive.
Which of the following statements is true about empowerment?
Employees who are nervous about empowerment may also worry about the increased responsibility.
Which of the following statements is true about empowerment? The notion of empowerment is appropriate for all employees. Empowerment is a relatively easy concept to implement in the workplace. Employees who are nervous about empowerment may also worry about the increased responsibility. Empowerment is not related to job performance. Question 12
Employees who are nervous about empowerment may also worry about the increased responsibility.
Chloe and Francois are graphic designers at Highland Lithographics. Both have the same job description. Earlier this month, Chloe found out that Francois makes $12.50 an hour while she makes $11.00. What theory of motivation best explains why Chloe went to her boss to complain about the pay disparity? a. ERG theory b. Equity theory c. Expectancy theory d. Reinforcement theory
Equity theory
Research on motivation suggests the following a. Ethical behavior is learned behavior b. Satisfaction with social needs is a powerful motivator in industrialized countries c. Subject in different cultures do not vary in their distribution of rewards regardless of the subject's age d. Valuing justice and fairness is a distinct American- only value
Ethical behavior is a learned behavior
Which of the following is true regarding the motivating potential of a job? An employee whose expectation for his job is to pay the bills will have high growth strength. Even though a job is designed with the express purpose of motivating individuals, some employees may not find the job motivational. Career stage does not influence the importance of the five core characteristics. Employees with high growth need strength will respond less favorably to jobs with high motivating potential.
Even though a job is designed with the express purpose of motivating individuals, some employees may not find the job motivational.
Which of the following statements regarding turnover is true?
Even though they are very unhappy with a job, employees may not leave an organization.
T/F Traditionally, the rater is the employee
False, the rater is the supervisor
Which of the following best describes the elements of Hackman and Oldham's job characteristics model?
Five core job characteristics lead to three psychological states which lead to five outcomes.
Which of the following statements regarding ethical behaviors in the workplace is true?
High levels of employee monitoring may reduce the frequency of unethical behaviors.
Nejah is reading a report on employee justice perceptions. The article notes which of the following points? a. High levels of justice create higher levels of organizational citizenship behaviors. b. High levels of justice create lower levels of employee commitment to the organization. c. Low levels of justice create higher levels of customer satisfaction. d. High levels of justice lead to support of unionization.
High levels of justice create higher levels of organizational citizenship behaviors
Which of the following scenarios is likely to produce LOW levels of citizenship behaviors?
Horatio is a young engineer with negative affectivity.
Ramone feels that he was unfairly passed over for a promotion at his firm. How might he deal with the perceived inequity? a. Have the referent decrease inputs. b. Maintain current perceptions of the referent's inputs. c. Increase his inputs. d. Increase his outcomes.
Increase his outcomes
Which of the following statements regarding age and turnover is accurate?
Individuals who have been on the job only a short period of time are unlikely to turnover because they just got the job.
Research on procedural justice suggests a. it is best to exclude employees from commenting on potential changes in company procedures like performance appraisals because they do not understand the decision-making process anyway. b. it is best to unexpectedly announce department-wide layoffs because when employees suspect changes in their job status are upcoming, they tend to become much less productive. c. it is best to be consistent in the manner in which employees are disciplined for violating company policy for situations like cell phone usage. d. it is best to send an announcement of changes to the company benefit package for the next fiscal year without providing explanatory details because employees do not understand the financial implications anyway.
It is best to be consistent in the manner in which employees are disciplined for violating company policy for situations like cell phone usage
Which of the following statements about job enrichment are true?
Job enrichment may lead to dissatisfaction with one's pay.
Which of the following statements is true regarding the causes of positive work attitudes?
Job/person fit is positively related to job satisfaction.
Happiness at work can be enhanced by which of the following strategies?
Knowing yourself and what you want from the job.
_______________ is (are) a downside to goal setting.
Learning decreases
When analyzing the information on work attitudes and aspects of the work environment, which of the following statements is true?
Maintenance of the psychological contract helps develop organizational commitment.
Michael has two finals, accounting and organizational behavior, on the same day of finals week. Based on expectancy theory, which of the following statements suggest how he should allocate his limited study time? a. For the previous three OB exams Michael studied for hours and received below average grades. He spent fewer hours studying for accounting and earned above average grades. He therefore decides to focus his efforts equally on OB and accounting. b. Accounting is Michael's major, OB is a general business requirement in his academic program. Michael aspires to be a CPA, so he decides to focus his study time on Accounting. c. Michael is switching to another college for a communication major after this semester. His business courses will not count toward his total credits at the new college. His grades on these exams will not matter, but he decides to focus on his accounting anyway. d. Michael loved the group work format that his OB instructor used to teach the course and disliked the lecture format utilized by his accounting professor. He decides to focus his attention on OB.
Michael loved the group work format that his OB instructor used to teach the course and disliked the lecture format utilized by his accounting professor. He decides to focus his attention on OB.
Which of the following is an issue to keep in mind with regard to maintaining an ethical environment in an organization?
Monitoring employees may increase ethical compliance but may create a culture of mistrust.
Which of the following is true about motivation? a. Being motivated is the same as being a high performer. b. Motivation is the sole reason why people perform well. c. Motivation is a key influence over an employee's performance level. d. Motivation is usually the most critical factor in a person's performance.
Motivation is a key influence over an employee's performance level
Research on absenteeism indicates which of the following statements to be accurate?
Negative work attitudes can result in absenteeism.
Which of the following statements is true?
People who are critical of themselves experience less job satisfaction.
Which of the following statements regarding work attitudes and job performance is accurate?
People who are happy at work are more satisfied in their overall life too.
Which statement regarding citizenship behaviors is accurate?
People who are older demonstrate higher levels of citizenship.
Which of the following statements regarding the predictors of organizational citizenship behaviors is accurate?
People with positive affectivity tend to exhibit stronger citizenship behaviors.
Which of the following statements is correct? a. Performance is a function of the interaction between motivation, ability and environment. b. Motivation is a function of the interaction between ability, environment and performance. c. Ability is a function of the interaction between motivation, performance and environment. d. Performance is a major influence on motivation, ability and environment.
Performance is a function of the interaction between motivation, ability and environment
Which of the following statements about factors that cause work attitudes is accurate?
Person-job fit is positively related to job satisfaction.
Research suggests which of the following relationships between performance and turnover?
Poor performers are more likely to quit their jobs compared to high performers.
Which of the following statements about factors that cause work attitudes is accurate?
Role ambiguity can lead to job dissatisfaction.
Which of the following recommendations might you give to a friend regarding ways to deal with late coworkers?
Schedule meetings when most people can attend, even if it doesn't work for everyone.
Which of the following is a need-based theory of motivation? a. Alderfer's ERG theory. b. Herzberg's two-factor theory. c. Skinner's reinforcement theory. d. McClelland's acquired needs theory.
Skinner's reinforcement theory
What does SMART stand for?
Specific, Measurable, Aggressive, Realistic, Time-Bound
Which of the following is an advantage to job specialization?
Staffing costs are lower because the repetitive nature of tasks makes skill requirements lower.
When organizational behavior modification (OB Mod) is used to examine employees absenteeism, which step looks at why employees are absent? a. Step 5: Evaluate and maintain. b. Step 1: Identify behavior to modify. c. Step 3: Analyze behavior antecedents and outcomes. d. Step 2: Measure the baseline level.
Step 3: Analyze behavior antecedents and outcomes
Which of the following statements regarding work attitude and performance is accurate?
The correlation between organizational commitment and performance is strong.
Which of the following criticisms of Herzberg's theory of motivation? a. The primary research methodology used to arrive at hygiene and motivator factors is flawed. b. The classification of factors as hygiene or motivator is missing the factor of satisfiers. c. Pay should be classified as a motivator, not as a hygiene factor. d. The theory suggests that improving the environment only goes so far in motivating employees.
The primary research methodology used to arrive at hygiene and motivator factors is flawed
Which of the following employees is more likely to turnover?
Those who have negative work attitudes.
Employees with which of the following personality traits would experience high job satisfaction?
Those with positive affective dispositions.
T/F Conducting one-on-one meetings on a bi-weekly basis is a useful practice that supplements the feedback provided in the formal review
True
T/F Goal-setting theory is one of the most influential theories of motivation
True
T/F The 360-degree feedback is a system that gathers feedback from sources like peers, customers, and subordinates and shares it with employees for developmental purposes
True
T/F The design components of an organization's internal environment have a direct connection with the level of ethical behaviors in a company
True
T/F Under piece rate incentives, employees are paid on the basis of individual output they produce.
True
Which of the following statements represents an effective approach to disciplining employees? a. Sticks can be more effective than carrots. b. Unfair punishment may not change unwanted behavior. c. No two employees or incidents are the same, so no two employee should be disciplined the same way. d. Discipline is the most effective way for changing behavior in the long term.
Unfair punishment may not change unwanted behavior
Research on turnover supports which of the following statements?
Unhappy employees are more likely to leave than those who are satisfied with the organization.
Under what conditions would SMART goals be most effective? When managers have clearly established goals without employee input. When employees feel the skill sets needed to perform a goal-oriented task need to be upgraded. When employees have a supportive and trusting relationship with their managers. When managers provide feedback to employees on a very irregular basis, if at all.
When employees have a supportive and trusting relationship with their managers.
Which of the following is NOT a tip for leaving your job gracefully?
When you decide to leave, leave. Don't hang around doing work you will not be doing a very good job on.
Indicate which of the following statements is true.
Work attitudes are related to organizational citizenship behaviors.
Which of the following statements regarding job attitudes and cultural differences is true?
Work-family conflict lowers job satisfaction in individualistic cultures, Low levels of empowerment are related to high job satisfaction in the USA.
What refers to the extent to which the job requires a person to utilize multiple high-level skills? a. skill variety b. task significance c. feedback d. autonomy
a. skill variety
One of the dimensions of structural empowerment is
access to information.
Letting employees know what criteria will be used during an appraisal is known as what?
adequate notice
Which of the following factors has been shown to be a cause of HIGH levels of absenteeism in a firm?
age of the worker
Performance appraisals are conducted in order to document employee performance for pay and reward decisions. provide employees with feedback for developmental purposes. distribute bonuses, pay increases and promotions. all of the above
all of the above
Which of the following factors determine empowerment?
all of the above
Your paycheck could likely satisfy which of the following needs identified by Maslow? a. physicological needs b. esteem needs c. safety needs d. all of the above
all of the above
Which of the following is an advantage of job rotation?
all of the above.
Companies track employee work attitudes through
attitude surveys.
What refers to the degree to which a person is in charge of completing an identifiable piece of work from start to finish? a. skill variety b. task significance c. task identity d. autonomy
b. task identity
What refers to whether a person's job substantially affects other people's work, health, or well-being? a. skill variety b. task significance c. task identity d. autonomy
b. task significance
What are one-time rewards that follow specific accomplishments of employees?
bonuses
Job enlargement reduces _____________ and monotony
boredom
A key element of the scientific management philosophy is
breaking down jobs into their simplest components to facilitate specialization.
A key element of the scientific management philosophy is using training and specific instructions to maximize task variety. minimizing waste by identifying the most efficient method to perform the job, while still retaining high levels of autonomy. expanding the nature of tasks performed by employees to add more variety to the job. breaking down jobs into their simplest components to facilitate specialization.
breaking down jobs into their simplest components to facilitate specialization.
What refers to the degree to which people learn how effective they are being at work? a. skill variety b. task significance c. feedback d. autonomy
c. feedback
Which of the following is true? a. job rotation creates an unaffective way for employees to acquire new skills b. job rotation increases the monotonous aspects of a job c. job rotation proves a way to transfer knowledge between departments
c. job rotation proves a way to transfer knowledge between departments
What are some benefits of job enrichment?
can reduce turnover and absences, increases productivity, and can increase performance
To empower your employees,
change the company structure so employees have more power on the job.
To empower your employees, retain information on the job until it is absolutely needed. take away employee power so your manager accountability is not compromised. make sure managers continue to manage in such a manner that they are stepping in with routine responses to issues. change the company structure so employees have more power on the job.
change the company structure so employees have more power on the job.
To influence instrumentally, managers can a. ensure that the environment facilitates performance. b. give employees choice over rewards. c. consistently reward high performers. d. encourage people to believe their effort makes a difference.
consistently reward high performers
Task crafting refers to changing the ____________ of the job
content
Analyzing Trader Joe's success using Herzberg's two-factor theory of motivation would suggest that a. contextual factors, like being among the best paid employees in the retail industry, are the only reason for the firm's success. b. content factors, like the collaborative atmosphere in each supermarket, are the only reason for the firm's success. c. growth needs, like the autonomy of opening products for customer samples, are the only reason for the firm's success. d. Contextual, content, and growth needs factors all help to contribute to Trader Joe's success
contextual, content, and growth needs factors all help to contribute to Trader Joe's success
When reinforcers follow all examples of positive behavior you are using a _____________ of reinforcement a. variable ratio b. equity ratio c. continuous schedule d. fixed ratio schedule
continuous schedule of reinforcement
What is the degree to which a person has the freedom to decide how to perform his or her tasks? a. skill variety b. task significance c. task identity d. autonomy
d. autonomy
Research on the relationship between personality and job performance indicates
dependable people are better performers than those less dependable.
In Mexican companies, self-managing teams are (easy/difficult) because of the traditionally paternalistic and hierarchical nature of many Mexican organizations
difficult
Job design is the primary influencer over which of the following? a. commitment to organization b. employee motivation c. absenteeism and turnover d. job satisfaction e. all of the above
e. all of the above
In Western countries, empowering employees is an (ineffective/effective) method of motivating them
effective
Scientific management's primary focus is goal setting. efficiency. flexibility. motivation.
efficiency
What is a method that motivates employees through awards, plaques, or other symbolic methods of recognition?
employee recognition awards
A central issue currently facing long-haul trucking companies is
employee turnover.
Though goal setting is usually viewed as a positive process, there can be downsides if
employees lack skills necessary to reach the goals.
Maslow's theory of motivation suggests a. employee needs are ordered. b. employee needs are grouped in three categories. c. employee needs are divided into motivator and hygiene categories. d. employee needs are acquired as the result of life experiences.
employees needed are ordered
The removal of conditions that make a person powerless is referred to as what?
empowerment
Individuals who expect yearly wage increases without increased performance may be labeled a. benevolents. b. entitleds. c. equitably insensitive. d. expectancy sensitive.
entitleds
Alderfer's growth needs correspond to Maslow's a. social needs. b. safety needs. c. esteem needs. d. physiological needs.
esteem needs
Ensuring that there is two-way communication during the appraisal process and the employee's side of the story is heard is known as what?
fair hearing
Research on performance appraisal suggests
feedback is most effective if it immediately follows high or low performance.
Research on performance appraisal suggests performance appraisal ratings are usually used only for feedback purposes. employees are always well aware of the basis for their evaluations. as organizations become flatter, there is less need for multiple appraisal perspectives like those of peers, customers and subordinates. feedback is most effective if it immediately follows high or low performance.
feedback is most effective if it immediately follows high or low performance.
Maslow's physiologic needs may be satisfied by a. food. b. feeling danger-free. c. feelings of importance. d. human bonds
food
What is a companywide program in which employees are rewarded for performance gains compared to past performance?
gainsharing
Research indicates which of the following factors is the strongest predictor of job performance?
general mental ability
What refers to the degree to which a person is dedicated to reaching the goal?
goal commitment
Which of the following conditions contribute to the effectiveness of goal setting?
goal commitment
Which of the following conditions contribute to the effectiveness of goal setting? performance goal commitment time pressure group, as opposed to individual goals.
goal commitment
Workforce satisfaction is related to
greater customer loyalty.
Ability refers to a. having the resources, information and support one needs to perform well. b. having the skills and knowledge required to perform the job. c. the intention of achieving a goal, leading to goal-directed behavior. d. the function of performance, motivation, and environment.
having the skills and knowledge required to perform the job
Task identity refers to
he degree to which a person is in charge of completing an identifiable piece of work from start to finish.
According to ERG theory, if an individual is frustrated in the growth opportunities a. he may regress only to relatedness needs. b. he may regress only to existence needs. c. he may regress to either relatedness or existence needs. d. he will be motivated by the next higher need in his need hierarchy.
he may regress to either relatedness or existence needs
Joaquin received the Chancellor's Award and an $8,000 scholarship for a research paper and formal presentation he created. He believes that he worked hard for the paper and the presentation and deserved the award. Joaquin would feel a sense of a. high interactional justice. b. high interpersonal justice. c. high distributive justice. d. high procedural justice.
high distributive justice
Abdul tends to emphasize harmonious interpersonal relationship, prefers to be with friends, and enjoys family events. Abdul would probably be categorized as being a. low in need for achievement. b. high in need for affiliation. c. high in need for power. d. low in need for affiliation.
high in need for affiliation
The simple premise of Maslow's hierachy of needs theory is a. more than one human need operates at one time. b. work environment aspects that satisfy an individual are very different than those aspects which dissatisfy an individual. c. individuals acquire three types of needs as a result of their life experiences. d. human beings have needs that are hierarchically ranked.
human beings have needs that are hierarchically ranked
Analyzing Zappos success using Herzberg's two-factor theory of motivation would suggest that addressing a. hygiene factors, like being among the best paid employees in the retail industry, are the only reason for the firm's success. b. content factors, like the collaborative atmosphere each employee creates are the only reason for the firm's success. c. motivators, like the autonomy in customer service, are the only reason for the firm's success. d. hygiene factors and motivators all help to contribute to Zappos' success.
hygiene factors and motivators all help to contribute to Zappos' success.
The first step of an organizational behavior modification (OB Mod) program is a. evaluate and maintain b. identify behavior to be modified c. analyze behavior to be modified d. measure the baseline level
identify behavior to be modified
An example of extinction is a. nagging an employee to call a customer. b. suspending an employee for being late three days in a row. c. praising an employee for a well written report. d. ignoring a coworker who is telling dirty jokes.
ignoring a coworker who is telling dirty jokes
Employee autonomy
increases motivation at work.
Negative reinforcement a. decreases the desired behavior. b. decreases the frequency of negative behavior. c. increases the desired behavior. d. reduces the frequency of undesired behavior.
increases the desired behavior
Positive reinforcement a. decreases the desired behavior. b. decreases the frequency of negative behavior. c. increases the desired behavior. d. reduces the frequency of undesired behavior.
increases the desired behavior
Michele is being considered for a managerial position at Halliburton. She completes a TAT as part of an assessment center exercise for prospective managers. Facilitators will examine the results carefully for their manager choices knowing that a. individuals high in need for achievement may find it difficult to delegate authority to subordinates. b. individuals high in need for affiliation are especially effective at providing critical feedback to employees. c. individuals high in need for power have difficulties disciplining poor performers. d. individuals high in need for achievement are especially effective at coaching and meeting with subordinates.
individuals high in need for achievement may find it difficult to delegate authority to subordinates
Relational crafting refers to changing the quality and amount of _________________ involved with other people
interactions
Which of the following factors is a major predictor of job performance?
interpersonal relationships at work
Job rotation
involves moving employees from job to job at regular intervals.
Job rotation is breaking down jobs into their simplest components and assigning them to employees so that each person will perform a few tasks in a repetitive manner. refers to expanding the tasks performed by employees to add more variety. involves moving employees from job to job at regular intervals. allows workers more control over how they perform their own tasks.
involves moving employees from job to job at regular intervals.
What refers to changes employees make to their own job description?
job crafting
Which of the following factors has the most influence on worker motivation?
job design
What refers to expanding the tasks performed by employees to add more variety?
job enlargement
What allows workers to have more control over how their perform their own tasks?
job enrichment
What involves moving employees from job to job at regular intervals?
job rotation
If one looks at the number of studies conducted on attitudes, which of the following seems to be the most important?
job satisfaction
What breaks down jobs into their simplest components and assigns tasks so each employee performs a number of tasks in a repetitive manner?
job specialization
You work for your college's annual alumni fund. You have averaged 25 phone calls in a three-hour shift throughout your employment. Your supervisor now demands that you increase that number to 40 calls per three-hour shift. You feel that you do not have the skills or the time to make 40 calls and that this is an unrealistic goal. According to expectancy theory, you are experiencing a. low expectancy. b. low instrumentality. c. low valence. d. low equity.
low expectancy
Which of the following is considered a psychological state in Hackman and Oldham's job characteristics model?
meaningfulness
Which of the following is considered a psychological state in Hackman and Oldham's job characteristics model? motivation meaningfulness creativity engagement
meaningfulness
What kind of pay involves giving employees a permanent pay raise based on past performance?
merit pay
Which of the following is related to lower levels of organizational commitment?
negative affective disposition
American employees respond (negatively/positively) to goals when they are perceived to be extremely difficult, but Chinese employees were more motivated by difficult goals
negatively
An attitude is
our opinions, beliefs and feelings about our environment.
When an ethical climate exists at a firm, studies suggest
people are likely to only perform the duties of their job description because they do not want to engage in anything that will upset the balance of the ethical situation in place.
What is a process where employee performance is measured and then communicated to the employee?
performance appraisal
What are methods that organizations use to support and improve employee performance?
performance management
Organizational citizenship behaviors include all of the following EXCEPT
performing the duties in one's job description.
Which of the following factors contribute to job satisfaction?
personality, job characteristics, work/life balance.
Which of the following factors is considered a major predictor of organizational citizenship behaviors?
positive work attitudes
Employees in the US, Mexico, and Poland respond (negatively/positively) to empowerment, but Indian employees are actually less satisfied when empowered
positively
65. All of the following are actions those who perceive inequity can undertake to "balance the scales" EXCEPT a. steal. b. begin to arrive at work late. c. quit. d.produce higher quality work.
produce higher quality work
What programs involves sharing a percentage of company profits with all employees?
profit sharing
One way to satisfy self-actualization needs is to a. pursue a master's degree through a company's tuition reimbursement program. b. go out to dinner once a month with coworkers from your department. c. get a $100 suggestion bonus from your firm for a labor cost saving tip you placed in your department's suggestion box.
pursue a master's degree through a company's tuition reimbursement program
All of the following are general mental abilities refer to
reasoning abilities, verbal and numerical skills, analytical skills.
Which of the following is a motivator factor in Herzberg's theory of motivation: a. working conditions b. salary c. company policy d. recognition
recognition
Job rotation (increases/reduces) the monotonous aspects of a job
reduces
Structural empowerment
refers to the aspects of the work environment that give employees discretion, autonomy and the ability to do jobs effectively.
Alderfer's theory of motivation revised Maslow's revised theory of needs by a. relaxing the basic assumptions of Maslow's theory of needs. b. assuming needs are hierarchically-based. c. re-ordering the hierarchy of needs. d. assuming needs are grouped into five categories.
relaxing the basic assumptions of Maslow's theory of needs
Maslow's theory of motivation is criticized because a. research does not support the argument that satisfied needs no longer motivate behavior. b. its "frustration-regression" hypothesis has no practical implications for the workplace. c. the research methodology employed does not fully account for the attribution of cause to the individual or the situation. d. substantial empirical research has indicated little practical application of the theory.
research does not support the argument that satisfied needs no longer motivate behavior
Steve Kerr's proposed phenomenon, "the folly of rewarding A while hoping for B" is demostrated by a. a manager failing to acknowledge an employee who stayed after hours for one week to complete a report for an ill coworker. b. a manager who fears his top sales person will leave if he criticizes him for being 15 minutes late every day. c. a manager who promotes a subordinate known for his propensity to argue with his coworkers so that subordinate can be transferred to another department where an individual just retired. d. rewarding a manager who orders the release of a shipment of manufactured parts with known defects to meet a deadline in spite of the company's highly advertised quality commitment.
rewarding a manager who orders the release of a shipment of manufactured parts with known defects to meet a deadline in spite of the company's highly advertised quality commitment.
Alferfer's existence needs correspond to Maslow's a. social needs. b. esteem needs. c. self-actualization needs. d. safety needs.
safety needs
Which of the following is a hygiene factor in Herzberg's theory of motivation? a. promotion opportunities b. interesting work c. salary d. achievement
salary
Which of the following is considered an outcome in Hackman and Oldham's job characteristics model?
satisfaction
The ability for employees to do interesting and challenging work at Zappos satisfies which of Maslow's hierarchy of needs a. safety b. self-actualization c. social d. physiological
self-actualization
What gives an employee the right, but not the obligation, to purchase company stocks at a predetermined price?
stock option
Role conflict, role ambiguity, organizational politics, and job insecurity are indicators of
stress at work.
Maslow's heirachy of needs theory of motivation a. suggests once basic needs are satisfied, higher order needs become motivators. b. enjoys strong research support. c. is a systematic approach managers can utilize to explain the similar needs employees have at any given time and the similar reactions of employees to similar treatment. d. was developed based on Maslow's observations of individual employees in a variety of workplace settings.
suggest once basic needs are satisfied, higher order needs become motivators
What job would be best suited for someone with a high need for affiliation? a. sales b. teacher c. engineer d. entrepreneur
teacher
Bonuses given to employees are tied to team performance are called what?
team bonuses
In expectancy theory, valence is a. the perception that high levels of effort will lead to outcomes of interest like performance. b. the perception that performance is related to subsequent outcomes such as rewards. c. the anticipated satisfaction that will result from an outcome. d. the degree to which people are treated with respect, kindness, and dignity.
the anticipated satisfaction that will result from an outcome
Autonomy refers to
the degree to which a person has the freedom to decide how to perform his tasks.
Interactional Justice a. the degree to which outcomes received from the organization are perceived to be fair. b. the degree to which fair decision-making procedures are used to arrive at a decision. c. the degree to which people are treated with respect, kindness and dignity in interpersonal interactions. d. the belief that high levels of effort will lead to high performance.
the degree to which people are treated with respect, kindness and dignity in interpersonal interactions
Feedback refers to
the degree to which people learn how effective they are being at work.
Esteem need are a. the need to bond with other human beings. b. the desire to form lasting attachments. c. the desire to feel important. d. the freedom from an uncertain future.
the desire to feel important
Organizational commitment refers to
the emotional attachment people have toward the company they work for.
Skill variety refers to
the extent to which the job requires a person to utilize multiple high level skills.
Job satisfaction refers to
the feelings people have toward their jobs.
Research shows that all of the following impact the employee's satisfaction with the job and commitment to the organization EXCEPT
the firm's competitiveness.
Motivation refers to a. having the skills and knowledge required to perform the job. b. a function of performance, ability and environment. c. the intention of achieving a goal, leading to goal-directed behavior. d. the only key to high performance.
the intention of achieving a goal leading to goal-directed behavior
Attitude surveys conducted by companies produce more useful information if
the management is perceived as credible by employees.
In simulations examining whether reinforcement theory explains ethical behavior, researchers found that a. subjects were less likely to cut kickback payments if there was a threat of punishment. b. subjects were less likely to continue kickback payments if they made a profit after providing the kickbacks. c. the perceived likelihood of punishment is not a major influence of ethical behavior. d. the severity of expected punishment was the primary predictor of whether subjects were inclined to behave unethically.
the severity of expected punishment was the primary predictor of whether subjects were inclined to behave unethically
Cognitive crafting refers to changing the way people _________ about their job
think
Research on equity theory suggests a. those who perceive inequity increase their work performance. b. those who feel over-rewarded experience little distress over the situation. c. those who feel over-rewarded experience guilt over the situation. d. those who perceive inequity encourage their fellow coworkers to work
those who feel-over rewarded experience little distress over the situation
Praising the employee occasionally when the person shows up time is an example of _______________ of reinforcement a. variable ratio b. equity ratio c. continuous schedule d. fixed ratio schedule
variable ratio
Individual with a high need of affilation a. want to influence others b. have a strong need to be successful c. desire to make an impact on the organization d. want to be accepted by others
want to be accepted by others
Research on job performance suggests
when we are treated well, we want to reciprocate, thus when the company treats us well, we perform more effectively.
Research on work attitudes and performance indicates
work attitudes are a moderate correlate of performance.
The primary reason for employee turnover is
work attitudes.